Electrophysiological Effect of Acupuncture in the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Case

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy and occurs as a result of compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel at the wrist. The classic symptom in patients with CTS is paresthesia (numbness, burning, tingling) and pain in the median nerve distribution area of the hand, especially at night. A 24-year-old female patient presented to GETAT polk with the diagnosis of mild carpal tunnel syndrome after examination and EMG after the complaint of numb tingling in the hand in the neurology outpatient clinic. The patient was using Parkyn (pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate) 25mg. Acupuncture was applied to the patient for 10 sessions. Disposable sterile acupuncture needles were applied to the PC-6, H-7, LU-9, H-7, SI-3 points (0.22x13mm, 0.22x1.5mm Hua Long). The sessions lasted 20 minutes. The sessions were done first twice a week, then once a week. The patient was prescribed Vitamin B1 + B6 supplements. After 10 sessions of acupuncture, the EMG was repeated. The EMG result of the patient was normal. Parkyn was cut by neurology, Lyrica (pregabalin) was switched to 150mg. The patient's need for medication was also reduced.

Carbonaceous Adsorbents Derived from Agricultural Sources for the Removal of Pramipexole Pharmaceutical Model Compound from Synthetic Aqueous Solutions

The aim of the present study was to synthesize various samples of activated carbon (AC) from different agricultural sources as precursors, like orange peels, tea stalks, and kiwi peels, as well as sucrose. The synthesis of AC was achieved with chemical activation using H3PO4 and KOH. The produced AC samples were tested as adsorbents for the removal of a pharmaceutical model compound, pramipexole dihydrochloride (PRM), from synthetic aqueous synthetic solutions. The produced-from-sucrose AC presented the higher yield of synthesis (~58%). The physicochemical features of the materials were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, and SEM imaging. More specifically, the AC sample derived from sucrose (SG-AC) had the highest specific surface area (1977 m2/g) with the total pores volume, mesopores volume, and external surface area being 1.382 cm3/g, 0.819 cm3/g, and 751 m2/g, respectively. The effect of the initial pH and PRM concentration were studied, while the equilibrium results (isotherms) were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 213, 190, 155, and 115 mg/g for AC samples produced from sucrose, kiwi peels, orange peels, and tea stalks, respectively.

Activated Porous Carbon Derived from Tea and Plane Tree Leaves Biomass for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Wastewaters

The aim of the present study is the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from different agricultural wastes such as tea and plane tree leaves in order to use them for the removal of pramipexole dihydrochloride (PRM) from aqueous solutions. Two different carbonization and synthetic activation protocols were followed, with the herein-proposed ultrasound-assisted two-step protocol leading to better-performing carbon, especially for the tea-leaf-derived material (TEA(char)-AC). Physicochemical characterizations were performed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 physisorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TEA(char)-AC presented the highest surface area (1151 m2/g) and volume of micro and small mesopores. Maximum capacity was found at 112 mg/g for TEA(char)-AC at an optimum pH equal to 3, with the Langmuir isotherm model presenting a better fitting. The removal efficiency of TEA(char)-AC is higher than other biomass-derived carbons and closer to benchmark commercial carbons.

FORMULATION OF POLYMERIC NANOSUSPENSION CONTAINING PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AND HESPERIDIN FOR IMPROVED TREATMENT OF PARKINSON’S DISEASES

Aims and Objectives: The present study is to formulate the nanosuspension containing a hydrophilic drug pramipexole dihydrochloride and hesperidin and to increase the drug entrapment efficiency.Methods: Hesperidin and pramipexole dihydrochloride loaded in chitosan nanosuspension is prepared by ionic gelation method using chitosan and tripolyphosphate. There was no incompatibility observed between the drug and polymer through Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetric. Various other parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release have been utilized for the characterization of nanoparticles.Results and Discussion: The average size of particle is 188 nm; zeta potential is 46.7 mV; drug content of 0.364±0.25 mg/ml; entrapment efficiency of 72.8% is obtained with HPN3 formulation. The PHC1 shows the highest drug release followed by PHC2 due to low concentration of polymer and PHC4 and PHC5 show less drug release due to high concentration of polymer. The in vitro release of PHC3 is 85.2%, initial the burst release is shown which is approximately 60% in 8 h; then, slow release later on drastic reduction in release rate is shown in 24 h. The in vivo study histopathological report confers the effective protective against rotenone induces Parkinson’s.Conclusion: PHC3 was chosen as the best formulation due to its reduced particle size and controlled release at optimum polymer concentration which may be used to treat Parkinson’s disease effectively..