Scattering of laser radiation from condensed phase of heterogeneous smoky plasma

A technique for research the spatial structures of the condensed phase grains in heterogeneous smoky plasma by determining the laser scattering indicatrix modulated with a frequency of 60 kHz in three spectral intervals was developed. An experimental stand was created to register the laser scattering indicatrix on the wavelengths of 808 nm, 630 nm and 532 nm in the scattering angles range from 0 to 170º with a measurement time of 3 seconds. A program of registration and processing of measurement results on a computer has been developed. Tests of the experimental complex on the flame of metalized fuel compositions were carried out.

INFORMATION-MEASURING SYSTEM OF STRENGTH TESTS AT THE STAGE OF STAND TESTS OF PRODUCTS FROM HIGH-ENERGY MATERIALS

Рассматривается разработанная на АО «ФНПЦ «Алтай» информационно-измерительная система (ИИС), предназначенная для автоматизации сбора и обработки результатов измерений при стендовых испытаниях изделий из высокоэнергетических материалов. Ее основной задачей является многоканальный сбор данных о результатах стендовых испытаний, обработка, документирование и хранение результатов измерений. Показано, что в процессе разработки, производства, доводки и серийного выпуска изделий из высокоэнергетических материалов особо важными являются прочностные испытания, позволяющие оценить работоспособность и технические характеристики, а также сроки хранения и эксплуатации. The paper considers the information and measuring system (IMS) developed at the Altai Federal Research and Production Center JSC, designed to automate the collection and processing of measurement results during bench tests of products made of high-energymaterials. Its main task is multichannel collection of data on the results of bench tests, processing, documentation and storage of measurement results. It is shown that in the process of development, production, fine-tuning and serial production of products made of high-energy materials, strength tests are especially important, which make it possible to assess the performance and technical characteristics, as well as the storage and operation periods.

Assessment of the effect of changes in oil properties on measurement accuracy when using MVTM type turbine flow converters

Одной из основных погрешностей турбинных расходомеров является изменение коэффициента преобразования, который зависит от множества факторов. Авторами проведены экспериментальные исследования с целью установления влияния вязкости и температуры нефти на изменение коэффициента преобразования турбинных преобразователей расхода (ТПР) типа MVTM. В рамках работы выполнен анализ составляющих погрешности, рассмотрен вопрос статистической обработки результатов измерений методами теории вероятности и математической статистики. По результатам исследований с использованием трех расходомеров установлено изменение коэффициента преобразования в диапазоне от 0,2 до 0,3 %. Подтверждено, что изменение температуры и вязкости нефти оказывает существенное влияние на точность измерений, проводимых с помощью ТПР типа MVTM. Результаты работы могут быть применены с целью совершенствования методов измерения массы нефти при учетных операциях с использованием СИКН в части создания новых алгоритмов коррекции величины коэффициента преобразования для стабилизации метрологических характеристик ТПР в межповерочном интервале и, как следствие, минимизации финансовых и временных затрат на проведение внеочередных поверок. One of the main errors of turbine flow meters is the change in the conversion coefficient, which depends on many factors. The authors carried out experimental researches in order to establish the influence of oil viscosity and temperature on the change in the conversion coefficient of MVTM type turbine flow converters (TFC). Within the framework of the research, the analysis of the components of the error was carried out, the issue of statistical processing of measurement results by methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics was considered. According to the results of researches using three flow meters, a change in the conversion coefficient in the range from 0.2 to 0.3 % was established. It is confirmed that changes in oil temperature and viscosity have a significant impact on the accuracy of measurements carried out with the MVTM type TFC. The results of the work can be applied to improve the methods of measuring the mass of oil during metering operations with the use of CQCS in terms of creating new algorithms for the correction of the conversion coefficient value to stabilize the metrological characteristics of TFC in the calibration interval and, consequently, minimizing the financial and time costs of conducting unscheduled verifications.

Expanded uncertainty evaluation taking into account the correlation between estimates of input quantities

An expression for estimating the combined standard uncertainty taking into account the observed correlation between the estimates of the two input quantities is given. The Welch – Satterthwaite formula given in the GUM is analyzed. It is shown that the number of degrees of freedom calculated using this formula will vary over a wide range when the value of the correlation coefficient changes, and in some cases it may take an unacceptable zero value. An expression for calculating the combined standard uncertainty by the reduction method is given. It is shown that the number of degrees of freedom in this method does not depend on the value of the correlation coefficient. A formula for calculating the effective number of degrees of freedom taking into account the observed correlation is proposed. The existing expression for calculating the kurtosis of the measurand is analyzed and an expression is proposed for calculating the kurtosis of the measurand in the presence of a correlation between the input quantities. An example of estimation of expanded uncertainty when measuring the coefficient of a pressure transducer using a calibrator is considered. Estimates of the distribution of the measurand, obtained using Monte Carlo simulation, showed that they are closest to the estimates obtained by the kurtosis method. The considered example showed that taking into account the correlation in the processing of measurement results makes it possible to reduce the expanded measurement uncertainty of the converter coefficient by 1.22–1.27 times. Keywords: measurement uncertainty; correlation; effective number of degrees of freedom; method of kurtosis

MONITORING, MODELING AND BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

Information technology and modeling are becoming more widely used, mainly in the design and operation of buildings and structures, and in most cases this is enough for trouble-free operation. Nev-ertheless, there is a category of buildings for which the monitoring of the technical condition should be an integral part of the construction and operation. Unfortunately, the development of these technolo-gies in the Russian Federation is not at level, sufficient for answering questions about the behavior of objects under changing environmental conditions and revealing hidden patterns in monitoring data. Based on analysis of literary sources, the authors reviewed various methods for identifying hidden patterns in geodetic measurement data when monitoring buildings and structures. It is noted that mod-ern analysis methods are based on statistical processing of measurement results and on statistical fore-casting method. However, there are attempts to apply models that take into account object’s design features and temperature regime. This type includes two proposed models, which are used to model three-dimensional coordinates of strain marks in the 3D model and only elevations of marks in the 1–Z model. The article presents the rationale for the simulated geometric elements and properties of the object. The solution of the equations of both models and the analysis of the results and parameters of the model for measurement epochs are shown. The simulation is shown on the example of a real ob-ject, which was monitored by the authors in 2015–2016.The authors believe that the monitoring of large-span structures and the search for patterns of their behavior should be an integral part of the in-formation system for such structures.

Simulation Modeling of the Accuracy of Solid-State Wave Gyroscope Characterization with Tuning of Computational Algorithms to Signal Periodicity

The setting of computational algorithms for four methods of identification of wave characteristics in the free run-out mode of standing waves in the resonator of the integrative solid wave gyroscope on observations of signals of its measuring device at time intervals that are multiples of resonator oscillation is described. In the first roughest method, measurement results are processed without taking into account the influence of the quadrature wave. It is convenient for forming initial approximations in the tasks of clarifying optimization of identification functionality in other methods. In the second method, the refined processing of measurement results is carried out taking into account the phase shift of the signals of the measuring device. In the third method, in order to provide better physical visibility and to process the results of measurements, a virtual transition to mobile axes of standing waves is introduced. In the fourth method, measurement results are processed using numerical digital demodulation procedures. Comparisons have been made for the accuracy of these identification techniques by simulation methods for theoretically set source signals. This made it possible to directly compare the original and identified characteristics of wave processes: the amplitude of the main and square standing waves, the angle of the main standing wave and its frequency. The results are presented in the absence and presence of noise in the measuring signals. The results show the specifics of the practical application of different techniques for real samples of gyroscopes. For short identification intervals, they require a special choice of interval lengths equal to the final number of resonator oscillations. With the lengthening of such intervals, this requirement for the length of the interval is weakened.

THE DYNAMIC FREQUENCIES AND SHAPES OF VIBRATIONS RESEARCH OF THE DAM OF THE CHIRKEYSKAYA HPP

The purpose of the research is to monitor the amplitude-frequency characteristics on the example of the Chirkeyskaya HPP dam for further assessment of the state of hydraulic structures and hydroelectric units of the HPP, as well as to develop an automated system for seismometric control of hydraulic structures of the Chirkeyskaya HPP. The article presents the results of modeling and calculations of dynamic test data of the Chirkeyskaya HPP dam using the primary processing of measurement results to identify the quality of information processing by existing methods. The paper presents the results of measurements to create a mathematical model of the dam of the Chirkeyskaya HPP. Methods were used based on the study of the statistical characteristics of vibrations arising under the infl uence of the dynamic effects of equipment and the external environment for the experimental determination of the frequencies and modes of natural vibrations of the hydraulic structures of the Chirkeyskaya HPP. Spatial-frequency diagrams of the vibration intensity distribution in the radial direction were constructed, an algorithm was implemented to use data for both reference points when identifying natural frequencies and dam shapes, a spatial-frequency distribution diagram was constructed, averaged over two reference points, smoothed interpolated along the dam with a uniform step the conversion factor at the ridge level.

Laboratory tests results of a measuring station for plate bearing tests of road structures

An article devoted to the development of the latest equipment for testing road structures during the diagnostics of roads both in the process of repair and construction, and in the process of operation. A measuring station for stamp tests of road structures and their layers has been developed, which unites the test equipment into a single automated complex mounted on the base car. This eliminates the need for manual labor of the operator, increases productivity and accuracy of tests, provides the ability to perform multiple loads. At the same time, any truck or road vehicle can be used to create the load. A measuring unit with special software installed on it is used for registration and processing of measurement results. The results of laboratory tests of the measuring station, which were carried out in the laboratory of the department of metrological support of measurements of geometric quantities of SE «Ukrmetrteststandard» are highlighted. The obtained results indicate that the values of measuring force, absolute error and range of measurements of the station of movement of the station meet the regulatory requirements.