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Author(s):  
A. Ganesan ◽  
D. Antoine ◽  
A. Palanisammi ◽  
R. Ramprabu

Background: Canine pyometra is a common reproductive disorder of sexually intact bitches characterized by accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen and it is always associated with vagaries of clinical and pathological manifestations of multisystemic origin. Methods: The present study involved twenty three bitches of 8- 13 years of age with pyometra. Diagnosis of pyometra was performed based on the anamnesis, ultrasound examination, hematoglocial and biochemical changes. As an alternate to conventional prostaglandin protocol, Tab. Methylergometrine 0.125 mg/dog (Methergine, Novartis) BID and Tab. Cabergoline @ 10 µg/kg body weight (Cabgolin, Sun Pharma) SID and Tab. Amoxicillin- Clavulinic acid @ 10 mg/kg body weight (Augmentin, Glaxo Smithkline) BID was advised for two weeks. In addition to that supportive fluid therapy and Inj. Pantoprazole @ 1 mg/kg body weight was also administered prior to initiation of treatment protocol. There was a significant clinical recovery in terms of physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters. Ultrasound examination on Day 0, 7, 9 and Day 14 of treatment revealed reduction in the diameter of uterine sacculations. All the bitches recovered after 10 to 15 days with complete evacuation of pus, with no recurrence. Result: Our investigation revealed that this alternative protocol along with antibiotics and supportive fluid therapy can be a better alternative to young dogs to preserve the reproductive capability and also in geriatric dogs which are unfit for traditional ovariohysterectomy.


ABOUTOPEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Francesco Tissoni ◽  
Giulia Venditti ◽  
Martina Canzano

Introduction. We developed a Social Observatory in the HealthCare (HC) & Pharma sector to better understand how the focus by Pharma companies on social communication has been implemented, following the new legislation that allows social advertising for over the counter (OTC) drugs. Methods and results. Activity on social networks between 01/06/2018 and 31/05/2019 has been analysed. The social channels monitored were: Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter and YouTube. Activity from 13 companies with HQ in Italy (Abiogen, Alfasigma, Angelini, Chiesi, Doc Generici, Dompé, Italfarmaco, Kedrion, Mediolanum, Menarini, Molteni, Recordati, Zambon) and 16 companies with HQ elsewhere (Abbvie, Amgen, Amway, Bayer, Gilead, GSK - Glaxo SmithKline, J&J/Janssen, Merck Serono, MSD, Nature’s Bounty, Novartis, P&G, Pfizer, Reckitt Benckiser, Roche, Sanofi) was captured and analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Italy HQ companies seem to use these channels to a lesser extent compared to companies HQs elsewhere. Examples of all the different Brand characters (i.e. Friendly, Playful, Warm, etc), tones (personal, honest, humble, etc) and purposes (engage, entertain, educate, etc) were captured and discussed in detail in the article. Conclusions. Pharma companies have a wide-ranging approach to communicating through social media. These data represent an important baseline to carefully analyse the evolution of social communication of HC&Pharma sector in Italy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 221.2-221
Author(s):  
A. Julià ◽  
A. Gómez ◽  
A. Fernández Nebro ◽  
F. J. Blanco ◽  
A. Erra ◽  
...  

Background:Blocking Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) activity is a successful therapeutic approach for approximately 60% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To date, however, the biological basis of the lack of efficacy of anti-TNF agents is unknown.Objectives:The objective of present study was to characterize the biological basis of anti-TNF lack of efficacy in RA using an epigenomic data approach in two steps: first, to assess the differential methylation changes between responders and non-responders and second, to use this differential methylation profile in a systems biology approach to infer differential methylated biological modules according to anti-TNF response.Methods:A total of n=68 patients diagnosed with RA according to the ACR-EULAR criteria belonging to 16 Hospitals across Spain were recruited. All patients were >18 years old, with more than 6 months of disease evolution and a baseline disease activity of DAS28 > 3.2. Treatment response was defined according to the EULAR criteria at week 12. Good and moderate responders were aggregated into a single responder group. Genomic DNA was collected at baseline and the methylation profile was assessed using the Illumina Infinium EPIC array, which interrogates 850,000 methylation CpG sites across the genome. Differential Methylation analysis, biological pathway association and the systems Biology approach using Protein-Protein Interaction Networks, were conducted using the R statistical language and the Bioconductor libraries.Results:From 68 anti-TNF treated patients, n=27 (39.7%) were good responders, n=26 (38.2%) moderate responders and n=15 (22.05%) non-responders at week 12 of treatment. Differential methylation analysis identified two distinctive biological profiles associated with the clinical response: responders were associated to interleukin and cytokine production, and non-responders were associated with biological pathways associated to TGF-Beta production and T cell regulation. Using these differentially methylated profiles, epigenetic modules with differentially methylated hotspots between responders and non-responders were also found. Two epigenetic modules with significant enrichment in inflammatory and interleukin production and immune regulatory processes were validated in an independent patient cohort.Conclusion:The epigenetic analysis of whole blood from RA patients using a module-based approach shows reproducible biological mechanisms associated with the response to anti-TNF therapy.Acknowledgments:We would like to thank the clinical researchers and patients participating in the IMID Consortium for their collaborationDisclosure of Interests:Antonio Julià: None declared, Antonio Gómez: None declared, Antonio Fernández Nebro: None declared, Francisco J. Blanco Grant/research support from: Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Bristol MS, Amgen, Pfizer, Abbvie, TRB Chemedica International, Glaxo SmithKline, Archigen Biotech Limited, Novartis, Nichi-iko pharmaceutical Co, Genentech, Jannsen Research & Development, UCB Biopharma, Centrexion Theurapeutics, Celgene, Roche, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Biohope, Corbus Pharmaceutical, Tedec Meiji Pharma, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Gilead Sciences Inc, Consultant of: Lilly, Bristol MS, Pfizer, Alba Erra: None declared, Simon Sánchez Fernandez: None declared, Jordi Monfort: None declared, Mercedes Alperi-López: None declared, Isidoro González-Álvaro Grant/research support from: Roche Laboratories, Consultant of: Lilly, Sanofi, Paid instructor for: Lilly, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, MSD, Roche, Lilly, Rosario Garcia de Vicuna Grant/research support from: BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Gebro, Lilly, Mylan, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, Paid instructor for: Lilly, Speakers bureau: BMS, Lilly, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, Raimón Sanmartí Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Eli Lilly, BMS, Roche and Pfizer, Cesar Diaz Torne: None declared, Carlos Marras Fernandez Cid: None declared, Jesús Tornero Molina: None declared, Núria Palau: None declared, Raquel M Lastra: None declared, Jordi Lladós: None declared, Sara Marsal: None declared


2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Andrea Cipriani ◽  
Anthony J. Cleare ◽  
Arianna Di Florio ◽  
...  

BackgroundMost people with bipolar disorder spend a significant percentage of their lifetime experiencing either subsyndromal depressive symptoms or major depressive episodes, which contribute greatly to the high levels of disability and mortality associated with the disorder. Despite the importance of bipolar depression, there are only a small number of recognised treatment options available. Consecutive treatment failures can quickly exhaust these options leading to treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD). Remarkably few studies have evaluated TRBD and those available lack a comprehensive definition of multi-therapy-resistant bipolar depression (MTRBD).AimsTo reach consensus regarding threshold definitions criteria for TRBD and MTRBD.MethodBased on the evidence of standard treatments available in the latest bipolar disorder treatment guidelines, TRBD and MTRBD criteria were agreed by a representative panel of bipolar disorder experts using a modified Delphi method.ResultsTRBD criteria in bipolar depression was defined as failure to reach sustained symptomatic remission for 8 consecutive weeks after two different treatment trials, at adequate therapeutic doses, with at least two recommended monotherapy treatments or at least one monotherapy treatment and another combination treatment. MTRBD included the same initial definition as TRBD, with the addition of failure of at least one trial with an antidepressant, a psychological treatment and a course of electroconvulsive therapy.ConclusionsThe proposed TRBD and MTRBD criteria may provide an important signpost to help clinicians, researchers and stakeholders in judging how and when to consider new non-standard treatments. However, some challenging diagnostic and therapeutic issues were identified in the consensus process that need further evaluation and research.Declaration of interestIn the past 3 years, M.B. has received grant/research support from the NIH, Cooperative Research Centre, Simons Autism Foundation, Cancer Council of Victoria, Stanley Medical Research Foundation, MBF, NHMRC, Beyond Blue, Rotary Health, Geelong Medical Research Foundation, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxo SmithKline, Meat and Livestock Board, Organon, Novartis, Mayne Pharma, Servier, Woolworths, Avant and the Harry Windsor Foundation, has been a speaker for Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxo SmithKline, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi Synthelabo, Servier, Solvay and Wyeth and served as a consultant to Allergan, Astra Zeneca, Bioadvantex, Bionomics, Collaborative Medicinal Development, Eli Lilly, Grunbiotics, Glaxo SmithKline, Janssen Cilag, LivaNova, Lundbeck, Merck, Mylan, Otsuka, Pfizer and Servier. A.J.C. has in the past 3 years received honoraria for speaking from Astra Zeneca and Lundbeck, honoraria for consulting from Allergan, Janssen, Lundbeck and LivaNova and research grant support from Lundbeck. G.M.G. holds shares in P1Vital and has served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for Allergan, Angelini, Compass pathways, MSD, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Takeda, Medscape, Minervra, P1Vital, Pfizer, Servier, Shire and Sun Pharma. J.G. has received research funding from National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council, Stanley Medical Research Institute and Wellcome. H.G. received grants/research support, consulting fees or honoraria from Gedeon Richter, Genericon, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer and Servier. R.H.M.-W. has received support for research, expenses to attend conferences and fees for lecturing and consultancy work (including attending advisory boards) from various pharmaceutical companies including Astra Zeneca, Cyberonics, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Liva Nova, Lundbeck, MyTomorrows, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, SPIMACO and Sunovion. R.M. has received research support from Big White Wall, Electromedical Products, Johnson and Johnson, Magstim and P1Vital. S.N. received honoraria from Lundbeck, Jensen and Otsuka. J.C.S. has received funds for research from Alkermes, Pfizer, Allergan, J&J, BMS and been a speaker or consultant for Astellas, Abbott, Sunovion, Sanofi. S.W has, within the past 3 years, attended advisory boards for Sunovion and LivaNova and has undertaken paid lectures for Lundbeck. D.J.S. has received honoraria from Lundbeck. T.S. has reported grants from Pathway Genomics, Stanley Medical Research Institute and Palo Alto Health Sciences; consulting fees from Sunovion Pharamaceuticals Inc.; honoraria from Medscape Education, Global Medical Education and CMEology; and royalties from Jones and Bartlett, UpToDate and Hogrefe Publishing. S.P. has served as a consultant or speaker for Janssen, and Sunovion. P.T. has received consultancy fees as an advisory board member from the following companies: Galen Limited, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Europe Ltd, myTomorrows and LivaNova. E.V. received grants/ research support, consulting fees or honoraria from Abbott, AB-Biotics, Allergan, Angelini, Dainippon Sumitomo, Ferrer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka and Sunovion. L.N.Y. has received grants/research support, consulting fees or honoraria from Allergan, Alkermes, Dainippon Sumitomo, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Sanofi, Servier, Sunovion, Teva and Valeant. A.H.Y. has undertaken paid lectures and advisory boards for all major pharmaceutical companies with drugs used in affective and related disorders and LivaNova. He has also previously received funding for investigator-initiated studies from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck and Wyeth. P.R.A.S. has received research funding support from Corcept Therapeutics Inc. Corcept Therapeutics Inc fully funded attendance at their internal conference in California USA and all related expenses. He has received grant funding from the Medical Research Council UK for a collaborative study with Janssen Research and Development LLC. Janssen Research and Development LLC are providing non-financial contributions to support this study. P.R.A.S. has received a presentation fee from Indivior and an advisory board fee from LivaNova.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αικατερίνη Μπουσούνη-Πυλιώτη

My thesis consists of two parts. In part Α mainly analyzes the Article 102 TFEU, theabuse of an individual dominant position, the collective dominant position, and Article101par.1 TFEU, especially, cartels as "collective monopolies”. In part Α my thesis examines Article 102TFEU (82 of the Treaty) based on the "moreeconomic approach” through the " Guidance on the Commission's enforcement priorities inapplying Article 82 of the EC Treaty to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominantundertakings“ 2009 / C 45/7 par.30 "The Commission considers that a dominant undertakingmay also justify conduct leading to foreclosure of competitors on the ground of efficienciesthat are sufficient to guarantee that no net harm to consumers is likely to arise.In thiscontext, the dominant undertaking will generally be expected to demonstrate, with asufficient degree of probability, and on the basis of verifiable evidence, that the followingcumulative conditions are fulfilled:- the efficiencies have been, or are likely to be, realised asa result of the conduct*…+- the conduct is indispensable to the realisation of thoseefficiencies*…+- the likely efficiencies brought about by the conduct outweigh any likelynegative effects on competition and consumer welfare in the affected markets*…+- theconduct does not eliminate effective competition, by removing all or most existing sourcesof actual or potential competition*…+”.Communication from the Commission, par.30, and the decision of the EU Court (GrandChamber) in Post Danmark C-209/2010 (the Court ,Grand Chamber, hereby rules, andsk.22,40-42) further adopt the economic analysis of law through the positive attitude of theECJ in the above Communication from the Commission. My thesis also focuses on the fact that the undertaking concerned has a specialresponsibility not to allow its conduct to impair genuine undistorted competition on thecommon market. Σhe Commission will normally intervene under Article 82, where theallegedly abusive conduct is likely to lead to anti-competitive foreclosure(case law). The European law began protecting the market structure, as the decisions of the EUCourt ( Microsoft, British Airways, Glaxo SmithKline, Mobile Netherlands) and with theEuropean Commission's decisions accepts and the "criterion of consumer welfare." In part B the thesis analyzes the Trade Mark( l.2239/1994,4072/2012) the Trade marklicense agreement for entrance new undertakings into the market, and the franchising.Furthermore, it examines" the essential facilities" and the relationship between theintellectual property rights and dominant position.


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