Ladder-Based Synthesis and Design of Low-Frequency Buffer-Based CMOS Filters

Buffer-based CMOS filters are maximally simplified circuits containing as few transistors as possible. Their applications, among others, include nano to micro watt biomedical sensors that process physiological signals of frequencies from 0.01 Hz to about 3 kHz. The order of a buffer-based filter is not greater than two. Hence, to obtain higher-order filters, a cascade of second-order filters is constructed. In this paper, a more general method for buffer-based filter synthesis is developed and presented. The method uses RLC ladder prototypes to obtain filters of arbitrary orders. In addition, a set of novel circuit solutions with ultra-low voltage and power are proposed. The introduced circuits were synthesized and simulated using 180-nm CMOS technology of X-FAB. One of the designed circuits is a fourth-order, low-pass filter that features: 100-Hz passband, 0.4-V supply voltage, power consumption of less than 5 nW, and dynamic range above 60 dB. Moreover, the total capacitance of the proposed filter (31 pF) is 25% lower compared to the structure synthesized using a conventional cascade method (40 pF).

Face Tracking for Flying Robot Quadcopter based on Haar Cascade Classifier and PID Controller

The fundamental aim of this research is to develop a face detection system for a quadcopter in order to follow the face object. This research has two main stages, namely the face detection stage and the position control system. The face detection algorithm used in this research is the haar cascade method which is run using the python and OpenCV programming languages. The algorithm worked well, getting around 16fps on a low spec computer without a GPU unit. The results of the face detection algorithm are proven to be able to recognize faces from the camera installed on the DJI Tello mini drone. The mini drone was chosen because it is small and light, so it is harmless, and testing can be carried out indoors. Besides, the DJI Tello can be programmed easily using the python programming language. The drone’s position is then compared with the set point in the middle of the image to obtain errors so that control signals can be calculated for up/down, forward/backward, and right/left movements. From the testing results, the response speed that occurs in the right/left and up/down movements is less than 2 seconds, while for the forward/backward movement, it is less than 3 seconds.

Natural Products Self-Assembled Nanozyme for Cascade Detection of Glucose and Bacterial Viability in Food

Sugar content and bacterial contamination levels are important indicators for the health and safety of food, respectively. Therefore, it is important to construct a method that can detect both glucose and bacterial activity. Herein, natural compounds (gallic acid and glucose oxidase) were assembled into nanozyme (GOx@GA-Fe (ii)) for mild cascade detection. The nanozyme catalyzes glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to ·OH and oxidized colorless TMB from blue oxidized TMB. Under the optimal conditions, the method has a good linear relationship in the glucose concentration range of 1–500 μM (R2 = 0.993) with minimum detection concentration of 0.43 μM. Based on the glucose consumption of bacteria metabolism, the cascade reaction was then applied to detect the viability of 5 common bacteria. As such, a cascade method based on a natural self-assembled nanozyme was fabricated to monitor the quality of food.

Peningkatan Kinerja AMG8833 sebagai Thermocam dengan Metode Regresi AdaBoost untuk Pelaksanaan Protokol COVID-19

One way to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus is to check body temperature regularly. However, checking body temperature manually by directing the thermogun at someone's face is still often found. This study implements the use of the AMG8833 thermal camera to detect a person's body temperature without making any contact. The AMG8833 is a general-purpose temperature detection camera so to be used as a temperature meter, its accuracy needs to be improved by regression. The purpose of this research is to improve the performance of AMG833 as a thermal camera with AdaBoost regression. AdaBoost is a type of ensemble learning that uses several decision tree models. For face detection, the system uses the Haar Cascade method. The test results show that the decision tree model produces an R-Squared value of 0.93 and an RMSE of 0.21. Meanwhile, AdaBoost succeeded in improving the performance of the regression model with a higher R-Squared value and a lower RMSE value with values of 0.95 and 0.18, respectively.

Performance and Complexity Trade Study of Candidate Liquid Air Generation Techniques

This paper presents the results of an alternatives analysis of gas-liquefaction methods used in liquid air energy storage (LAES) systems that incorporates two novel measures of performance (MOP) into the analysis: system complexity score and system density. The cryogenic methods typically considered for air, and used in this trade study, include Linde-Hampson, Claude, Heylandt, and cascade [1]. With these four options of air-liquefaction currently in use for a variety of purposes with ranging scales, there exists no standard selection process for the air-liquefaction method in LAES. This trade study provides fundamental design solutions for given stakeholder requirements, allowing for a pragmatic analysis of integration for future implementation of LAES systems. The intent of these design solutions is to be used in the earliest stage of consideration of a LAES implementation, helping stakeholders quickly narrow the focus of their design engineers to a specific liquefaction process. This will reduce the complexity of integration techniques and processes and streamline LAES into the energy-storage industry. The results of this study showed that with evenly weighted MOP the Heylandt method had the highest final weighted score (0.9), followed by Cascade (0.88), Claude (0.86), and Linde-Hampson (0.67). However, the results showed that the Cascade method was the most frequent design solution (8/11) from 11 variations of MOP weight distributions.

Enzymatic electrochemical continuous flow cascade synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles

An industrially practical method for the synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles was developed from an enzymatic electrochemical cascade method.

Face Recognition System for Prevention of Car Theft with Haar Cascade and Local Binary Pattern Histogram using Raspberry Pi

In this era, the occurrence of vehicle theft has become a fairly frequent problem, especially in big cities like Jakarta and Surabaya. Although the technology for car security is very sophisticated (e.g. keyless system), but there are many cases that thieves still can break into the system. Once a car was stolen, the whereabouts of the car was unknown and the thief was on the loose. The goal of this research is to overcome this problem. As a device, this research works on Raspberry Pi 3 that connected with the Raspberry Pi Camera. Using the OpenCV library, with the Haar Cascade method for face detection, and Local Binary Pattern Histogram for face recognition. The device must be connected to the internet in order to send the information using a Telegram message. The research results show the success of the device system in face-recognizing between the car owner and car thief with optimal conditions in the morning until the afternoon with the light intensity around 660 to 1000 lux, and best recognizing distance at 50 cm. The success rate for obtaining the car’s location for the outdoor condition is 100%. Even if there is a slope or an error data, it can be tolerated because the difference was not too high, about 0.1-1.0 m.