Performance and Complexity Trade Study of Candidate Liquid Air Generation Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masis Torosyan ◽  
Anthony Pollman ◽  
Anthony Gannon ◽  
Alejandro Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Integration Techniques ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Trade Study ◽  
Liquefaction Process ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Cascade Method

Abstract This paper presents the results of an alternatives analysis of gas-liquefaction methods used in liquid air energy storage (LAES) systems that incorporates two novel measures of performance (MOP) into the analysis: system complexity score and system density. The cryogenic methods typically considered for air, and used in this trade study, include Linde-Hampson, Claude, Heylandt, and cascade [1]. With these four options of air-liquefaction currently in use for a variety of purposes with ranging scales, there exists no standard selection process for the air-liquefaction method in LAES. This trade study provides fundamental design solutions for given stakeholder requirements, allowing for a pragmatic analysis of integration for future implementation of LAES systems. The intent of these design solutions is to be used in the earliest stage of consideration of a LAES implementation, helping stakeholders quickly narrow the focus of their design engineers to a specific liquefaction process. This will reduce the complexity of integration techniques and processes and streamline LAES into the energy-storage industry. The results of this study showed that with evenly weighted MOP the Heylandt method had the highest final weighted score (0.9), followed by Cascade (0.88), Claude (0.86), and Linde-Hampson (0.67). However, the results showed that the Cascade method was the most frequent design solution (8/11) from 11 variations of MOP weight distributions.

Functional Design Methodology Based on Knowledge Databases Achievements

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 865-870
Author(s):  
Manuela Roxana Dijmărescu ◽  
Dragoș Iliescu ◽  
Marian Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Early Phases

Various architectures exposing certain phases of the design process have been developed. A closer analysis of the presented timelines is leading more to postpone the design solution rather than advancing it in the early phases. This paper advances a new architecture for the design process with the main emphasize on the product functional design, based on functional-constructive knowledge stored in databases, and on the principle of selecting design solutions in an incipient phase and developing them during the further design process stages.

Storage Options and Sizing for Utility Scale Integration of Wind Energy Plants

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
Utility Scale

Electric energy storage has been discussed as an option for increasing the marketability of wind energy facilities by reducing output variation. Utility scale wind plants face economic exposure to tariff charges for output variation as well as depending on volatile market prices for success. Wind speed variability and associated changes in wind plant output raise specific challenges to design engineers sizing electric energy storage systems. Evaluation of prospective Wind/Storage applications depends on the characteristics of individual wind plant output and the choice of storage technology. Energy storage options range from traditional lead acid batteries and pumped hydro storage to recently commercialized electrochemical flow battery systems. Selection and sizing of energy storage for wind plants vary with the time frame for each application. Different time frames correspond with the utility definitions of regulation, load shaping and load factoring. Results from a storage system model are presented that differentiate appropriate storage system sizes for these applications.

scholarly journals Power Plant Economic Analysis: Maximizing Lifecycle Profitability by Simulating Preliminary Design Solutions of Steam-Cycle Conditions

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-Seung Hong ◽  
Eul-Bum Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Steam Cycle

Many existing financial models for power plants chose a design based on the maximum thermal efficiency excluding the operational (OPEX) and capital (CAPEX) cost variations of technical factors. These factors are often fixed because including them in financial assessments can be burdensome and it is assumed that maximum efficiency equals maximum profit. However, this assumption may not always be right. Through 19,440 power plant steam-cycle design solutions and their associated OPEX and CAPEX, this study found the eighth most thermally-efficient solution to be $1.284 M more profitable than the traditional thermally-optimized design solution. As such, this paper presents a model incorporating technical factors through parametric estimation by minimizing the burden on decision makers. While this may reduce precision, it allows for quick cost assessments across differing design solutions. The data for model development was collected from a Korean-constructed, operational 600 MW coal-fired power plant in the Philippines. Using the Thermoflex software, nearly all design configurations’ heat rate outputs are simulated. Profitability is then optimized based on the resultant design configuration’s impact on revenue and CAPEX and OPEX costs. The simulation inputs included variables found to be most impactful on the steam generated power efficiency per existing literature. Lastly, the model includes an assessment of cost impacts among recent environmental regulations by incorporating carbon tax costs and a sensitivity analysis. The economic analysis model discussed in this paper is non-existent in current literature and will aid the power-plant project investment industry through their project feasibility analyses.

scholarly journals Automated Exploration of Design Solution Space Applying the Generative Design Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1085-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibing Li ◽  
Roland Lachmayer
Keyword(s):  
Solution Space ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Generative Design ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Feasible Solutions

AbstractDesign is a complex problem-solving activity that transforms design restrictions and requirements into a set of constraints and explores the feasible solutions to satisfy those constraints. However, design solutions generated by traditional modeling approaches are hardly to deal with such constraints, particularly for the exploration of the possible design solution space to enhance the quality of the design outputs and confront the evolving design requirements. In this regard, the Generative Design Approach (GDA) is considered as an efficient method to explore a large design solution space by transforming the design problem into a configuration problem. Fundamentally, GDA explores and stores all the necessary knowledge through a design skeleton and a set of design elements. Thus, design solution space is easily explored by configuring variable design elements via iterative design processes. Further, the output model is not only a design solution but also a design concept that designers could manipulate to explore unconsidered design configurations. Finally, a crank creation as a running example confirmed that GDA provides concrete aids to enhance the diversity of design solutions.

scholarly journals An Automated Procedure for Assessing Local Reliability Index and Life-Cycle Cost of Alternative Girder Bridge Design Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Venanzi ◽  
Riccardo Castellani ◽  
Laura Ierimonti ◽  
Filippo Ubertini
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Girder Bridge

Stakeholders of civil infrastructures have to usually choose among several design alternatives in order to select a final design representing the best trade-off between safety and economy, in a life-cycle perspective. In this framework, the paper proposes an automated procedure for the estimation of life-cycle repair costs of different bridge design solutions. The procedure provides the levels of safety locally guaranteed by the selected design solution and the related total life-cycle cost. The method is based on the finite element modeling of the bridge and uses design traffic models as suggested by international technical standards. Both the global behavior and the transversal cross section of the bridge are analyzed in order to provide local reliability indexes. Several parameters involved in the design, such as geometry and loads and materials’ characteristics, are considered as uncertain. Degradation models are adopted for steel carpentry and rebars. The application of the procedure to a road bridge case study shows its potential in providing local safety levels for different limit states over the entire lifetime of the bridge and the life-cycle cost of the infrastructure, highlighting the importance of the local character of the life-cycle cost analysis.

An I-Ching-TRIZ-Inspired Approach to Design Concept Generation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Truong Pham ◽  
Huimin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Design Concept ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
I Ching ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Aircraft Cabin ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Design Solutions

This paper presents a new approach to producing innovative design concepts. The proposed approach involves extending the inventive principles of TRIZ by integrating other TRIZ and TRIZ-inspired tools. The set of inventive principles is then structured according to a framework adapted from I-Ching and represented using TRIZ’s Behaviour-Entity (BE) formalism to which constraints have also been added. The adoption of the BE representation enables a reduction in the amount of repeated information in the inventive principles. A BE pair contains information on a design solution. A Behaviour-Entity-Constraint (BEC) triple additionally has information on constraints on the solution. The BEC representation thus facilitates the retrieval and generation of design solutions from design specifications. The paper uses the problem of laying out seats in an aircraft cabin to illustrate advantages of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Integration of Design Data into a Design Solution and their Modification in Problems of Geometrical Modelling

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
D. E. Tsygankov ◽  
G. R. Shaykheeva ◽  
I. V. Gorbachev
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Geometrical Modelling ◽  
Design Solutions

This article considers an approach to achieving modifiability of design solutions in the form of digital 3D parts and assembly units in CAD systems. This approach is based on a modular principle, according to which a design solution is represented by a system of 3D macro-objects. Such macro-objects are typical of a given subject area, have semantic content and are described by a set of design parameters. The variability of selected parameters forms a class of design solutions, which, although differing in terms of geometry and structure, have common structural and functional specific features. The main advantage of the proposed approach consists in the provision of the semantic integrity of a design solution during its modification and reuse.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Performance Assessment Tool Development and Application with a Focus on Maintenance Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Gualeni ◽  
Giordano Flore ◽  
Matteo Maggioncalda ◽  
Giorgia Marsano
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Design Solutions

Ships are among the most complex systems in the world. The always increasing interest in environmental aspects, the evolution of technologies and the introduction of new rule constraints in the maritime field have compelled the innovation of the ship design approach. At an early design stage, there is the need to compare different design solutions, also in terms of environmental performance, building and operative costs over the whole ship life cycle. In this context, the Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) tool allows an integrated design approach merging the evaluation of both costs and environmental performances on a comparative basis, among different design solutions. Starting from the first tool release, this work aims to focus on the maintenance of the propulsion system, developing a flexible calculation method for maintenance costs prediction, based on the ship operational profiles and the selected technical solution. After the improvement, the whole LCPA tool has been applied on a research vessel to evaluate, among different propulsion layout solutions, the one with the more advantageous performance in terms of costs during the whole vessel operating life. The identification of the best design solution is strictly dependent on the selection criterion and the point of view of the interested parties using the LCPA tool, e.g., the shipbuilder or the ship-owner.

A Framework for Design Traceability

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Barnett ◽  
C. J. Arbak ◽  
J. L. Olson ◽  
L. C. Walrath
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
House Of Quality ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Design Solutions

Methods are needed for implementing findings of theoretical research early in the design phase and tracing them through to final designs. This paper describes one such approach in applying what is known about cognitive psychology, human factors, and development techniques to interface design. The basic technique used to provide a design framework was an adaptation of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) house of quality. This paper describes the QFD structure and how it was adapted to provide that critical link between theoretical research findings and resulting interface design concepts. The discussion focuses on three topics: basic concepts within the house of quality, the house of quality adapted for interface design, and application to the design process. A number of benefits are realized from use of this approach. First, it describes directly the relationship between human processing characteristics, design requirements, and design solutions. Second, it characterizes the nature of conflicts among alternative design solutions. Third, it indicates areas of potential applied research. Finally, it provides a single, hierarchical construct that carries through from the initial conceptual design to final product evaluation. The benefit of this approach to interface design is that a broad spectrum of theoretical and experimental research is summarized into a manageable design tool, which may provide insights to human factors practitioners, design engineers, and subject matter experts alike.

scholarly journals Motion Evaluation Of A Wheelchair Prototype For Disabled People

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Ionut Daniel Geonea ◽  
Nicolae Dumitru ◽  
Alexandru Margine
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Motion Controller ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Experimental Prototype ◽  
Solid Works ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract In this paper is presented the design solution and experimental prototype of a wheelchair for disabled people. Design solution proposed to be implemented uses two reduction gears motors and a mechanical transmission with chains. It’s developed a motion controller based on a PWM technology, which allows the user to control the wheelchair motion. The wheelchair has the ability of forward – backward motion and steering. The design solution is developed in Solid Works, and it’s implemented to a wheelchair prototype model. Wheelchair design and motion makes him suitable especially for indoor use. It is made a study of the wheelchair kinematics, first using a kinematic simulation in Adams. Are presented the wheelchair motion trajectory and kinematics parameters. The experimental prototype is tested with a motion analysis system based on ultra high speed video cameras recording. The obtained results from simulation and experimentally tests, demonstrate the efficiency of wheelchair proposed solution.

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