scholarly journals Science for Russia: Innovative Tuning of the Econom

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Svetlana Demidenko ◽  
Evgeny Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Dominant Point ◽  
Deep Integration

The discussion revealed the main positions of researchers on the lines of “state – market” and “national – global”. The dominant point of view is the recognition of the irreplaceability of the market and, above all, the demand for science and innovation on the part of the hightech industry, as well as the recognition of the special role of the state in the development of the institutional environment and the fear of bureaucratization. For all the tempting idea of connecting the country to the global innovation mechanism, the formation of an effective national innovation system (ecosystem) is recognized as more realistic under current conditions. In this regard, the development of human capital and the institutional environment, as well as the digital transformation of the main spheres of the life of society, including the scientific, technological and innovation spheres, are of particular importance. Deep integration of science into the national innovation system is required, which implies the participation of science in the innovation process at all its stages and the connection of science with all types of innovations from technological to organizational.

scholarly journals ABOUT DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF NATIONAL INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
А.П. Фомина ◽  
Р.А. Дрозд ◽  
М.И. Гайченя
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
The Many ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Push Model

Для достижения необходимого уровня конкурентоспособности экономики страны, развития национальной инновационной системы, требуется идентификация и актуализация факторов, оказывающих влияние на национальную инновационную систему, ее успешное функционирование. Из множества факторов, влияющих на инновационное развитие, необходимо выделить основные и второстепенные. В статье рассматриваются основные характеристики инновационного процесса, механизмы взаимодействия субъектов экономики и науки. Рассматриваются модели эндогенного роста и имитационного инновационного развития и интенсивного инновационного роста. При рассмотрении двух подходов к природе зарождения инновации: модель technology – push и модель market-pull, авторами выдвигается и подтверждается гипотеза о том, что фактором развития национальной инновационной системы является, прежде всего, реализация технологических инноваций. Авторами доказывается, что особое внимание необходимо уделить развитию научно-технической инновационной инфраструктуры. Развитие национальных инновационных систем может иметь секторальный характер: применение соответствующей экономической политики, стимулирующей развитие науки, технологий, инноваций в отдельных секторах экономики и кластерах, в которых под влиянием различных факторов сложились наиболее благоприятные условия для развития в сфере технологий. To achieve the required level of competitiveness of the country's economy, the development of a national innovation system, identification and updating of factors that influence the national innovation system and its successful functioning is required. Of the many factors affecting innovative development, it is necessary to distinguish the main and secondary. The article discusses the main characteristics of the innovation process, the mechanisms of interaction between economic entities and science. The models of endogenous growth and imitation innovative development and intensive innovative growth are considered. When considering two approaches to the nature of the origin of innovation: the technology-push model and the market-pull model, the authors put forward and confirm the hypothesis that the factor of development of the national innovation system is, first of all, the implementation of technological innovations. The authors prove that special attention should be paid to the development of scientific and technical innovation infrastructure. The development of national innovation systems can be of a sectoral nature: the application of appropriate economic policies that stimulate the development of science, technology, innovation in individual sectors of the economy and clusters, in which under the influence of various factors the most favorable conditions for development in the field of technology have developed.

scholarly journals European Experience in Adapting Social and Economic Development to Crisis Situation: Programs and Financial Instruments

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (49) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
V. O. Kornіvska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
European Investment

The paper presents analysis of European counter-crisis response programs: investment initiatives in response to the coronavirus; REACT-EU package of measures; a long-term recovery program (budget for 2021-2027) and Next Generation EU; and a banking package of measures titled “Supporting businesses and households amid COVID-19”. The sources of financial instruments for the recovery and adaptation of EU member states to the transcrisis state are described, and the most effective mechanisms for supporting entrepreneurship in the COVID-19 crisis are shown. The example of Slovakia and Poland is used to demonstrate the European experience in organizing the credit process, providing guarantees, intensifying social entrepreneurship in the face of the ongoing epidemic shock. The European investment trends and the participation of financial intermediaries in the post-crisis recovery are determined and used as a basis to characterize nationalization of the European long-term investment process. The special role of the state and the formation of state funds in the process of ensuring the effective adaptation of the Ukrainian financial and institutional environment to new challenges is substantiated; the importance of developing long-term programs for adapting the Ukrainian economy and society to the challenges of sanitary, humanitarian, climatic and political and economic nature, as well as forming appropriate institutions is shown. It is concluded that, given the peculiarities of the operational behavior of Ukrainian banking institutions, which are now focused on operations with government securities and commission activities, the adaptation investment process should be provided by public financial institutions.

scholarly journals Prospective directions of state support of the national innovation system of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Dmitry Serpuhovitin
Keyword(s):  
Human Development Index ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
State Support ◽  
Quality Metric ◽  
Silhouette Coefficient ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Python Programming

The article presents an original methodology for selecting the most popular measures of state support of the national innovation system of a country with usage of numerical methods of clustering. The clustering methodology is based on a combination of indexes: Global Innovation Index, Gross Natural Income and Human Development Index. In the lists of countries and their corresponding clusters obtained as a result of empirical analysis, the most demanded measures of state support of the national innovation system were identified on the base of retrospective dynamics of Global Innovation Index indicators characterizing the state support of the national innovation system. For the obtained indicators of the Global Innovation Index, recommendations were given for the direction of development of the national innovation system of Russia. Classical clustering methods were used as analysis instruments: Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise and K-Means, The Silhouette Coefficient implemented in the sklearn library of Python programming language was used as a quality metric.

On the Problems of Transformation of High-Tech Production Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Alekhin ◽  
A. V. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
The Government

The presented study addresses the problems of managing the transformation of high-tech production systems (PS) to maintain the enterprise’s competitiveness in the long term.Aim. The study identifies efficient approaches to forecasting the timeline, economic and social prospects of PS transformations.Tasks. The authors assess the existing methodological framework for innovation management aimed at changing the scientific and technical potential of the PS and the government’s role in facilitating investment activity.Methods. This study is based on the fundamental principles of systems theory and comprehensive consideration of the issues of managing changes in economic systems through analysis.Results. The proposed assessments and comments can be taken into account when developing a methodology for forming an adequate management response to the predicted change in the external conditions of PS operation. The scientific and technical potential of high-tech enterprises is created, among other things, through long-term research, but the economic prospects of using research results are unpredictable. The experience of building the US national innovation system confirms the important role of the government in managing the commercialization of research results.Conclusions. The development of the Russian economy depends on the timeliness and reasonable sufficiency of the formation of the scientific and technical potential of the PS. The formation of the Russian national innovation system is a prerequisite for creating a favorable institutional environment for innovation, and the authors believe that it will lay the groundwork for the reproduction of capital in real production and hedging of risks associated with these processes.

ACADEMIC LANDSCAPE OF INNOVATION RESEARCH AND NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM POLICY REFORMATION IN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. 1250044 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAHIRO HASHIMOTO ◽  
YUYA KAJIKAWA ◽  
ICHIRO SAKATA ◽  
YOSHIYUKI TAKEDA ◽  
KATSUMORI MATSUSHIMA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Citation Network Analysis ◽  
Organization Research

Academic landscape of innovation research was analyzed by citation network analysis, which was divided into three main clusters; with "technological innovation" as the central core together with "innovation fundamentals" and "innovation management". Historically, research on innovation started from innovation management, such as innovational organization research, but research in the other two cluster areas is currently more active. With this background, we prepared a historical overview of national innovation system policy in Japan and the United States. Finally, we compared the trend of global innovation research with that of the national innovation systems in Japan and the United States.

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE BOTTLENECK OF IRAN'S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM BY TOC THINKING PROCESS

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Abdi ◽  
Alireza Hasanzadeh ◽  
Ali-Asghar Fani ◽  
Seyed Hassan Ghodsi Poor
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Diffusion Mechanisms ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Research And Education

This paper contributes to identify systematic problems in NIS using Thinking Process (TOC-TP) and to eliminate the bottlenecks, which results in improving the innovation process and efficiency of NIS. The Case study in this research is the NIS of Iran. The national documents of the innovation system were studied and all problems of NIS mentioned in documents were gathered. The causal relationships between the systematic problems were identified by the survey and grouped into 6 components by Exploratory Factor Analysis: weakness in technology diffusion mechanisms, the lack of centralized governance on science and technology policy, the government's pivotal role as an executor in education and research, weak laws and regulations in the field of research and technology, the lack of adequate financial resources in R&D and the lack of any perspective on the creation of wealth and entrepreneurship among the actors of research and technology. Finally the bottleneck of Iran's NIS was recognized by Thinking Process tools: the small participation of private sector in research and education system as the result of government's pivotal role as an executor of Iran's national innovation system. So the researchers could diagnose the policy gaps related to the identified bottlenecks.

scholarly journals Challenges for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Latin America: The Significance of Institutions and Human Capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
Laura Zapata-Cantu ◽  
Fernando González
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Innovation

Sustainable development is considered as one of the vital challenges of the 21st century for humanity. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economic and social life, forcing governments and businesses to reconsider their priorities. There are rare empirical studies on the national innovation system and its relationship to sustainability development for emerging countries. This paper aims at shedding light on how mission-oriented policies have marked sustainable regional development and innovation in Latin America. The present study presents the capabilities that could support the improvement of the national innovation system and, as a consequence, sustainability development. To understand how Latin American countries act on innovation and sustainable development initiatives, two global rankings in these areas, The Global Innovation Index 2020 and The Sustainable Development Report 2020, were analyzed. The results indicate some obstacles must be overcome such as the high levels of social inequality and poverty that still constitute significant challenges for this region. Today’s biggest challenges are facing a pandemic situation and guaranteeing economic development that allows the underprivileged to escape poverty without dooming future generations to an even more degraded environment than the current one. Innovation continues to play a critical role in the transition toward a more sustainable world.

scholarly journals CONSULTING IN INCREASING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Natalia Yevtushenko ◽  
Anatoliy Salo
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of the article is to study economic phenomena and processes in Ukraine in order to substantiate the need to intensify innovative activity on its territory and to search for promising opportunities to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises during the political and economic crisis. Measurement of the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises was carried out using data for a nine-year period of time (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019). Methodology. The use of economic, abstract and logical research methods through methods of analysis, synthesis and graphical presentation made it possible to assess the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises for the main international rating and macroeconomic indicators. Results. The content of the concept of “innovative activity” was clarified, which made it possible to highlight the main directions of innovative development of enterprises in the country. A methodology for conducting a step-by-step assessment of the level of innovative development of enterprises in Ukraine through the criteria that determine the profile of the National Innovation System of Ukraine is proposed. According to the results of the assessment, it has been found that during the analysed period, Ukraine’s positions in The Global Competitiveness Index in the context of individual rating indicators do not have stability and are positioned at the level of underdeveloped countries. At the macroeconomic level of Ukraine, this is confirmed by the annual decrease in the part of expenses for the implementation of innovative developments in the structure of GDP expenditures to a critically low level. In the process of assessing the costs of performing innovative developments by type of work, it has been found that the most funded type in Ukraine is scientific and technical (experimental) developments. Practical implications. The results of the assessment confirm the drop in the level of innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises, the low efficiency of the National Innovation System, and explain the passive role of the state and the further lag of the country in technological development from the developed countries of the world. In such conditions, there is the need to attract consulting companies to increase innovative activity. Value/originality. A methodology for assessing the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises has been formed according to the results of which it is proposed to use consulting as an effective tool of the National Innovation System in order to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises.

scholarly journals BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CONSTRAINED, STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Alcântara Alencar
Keyword(s):  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Innovation Approach ◽  
Major Criticism

There is one major criticism about balance of payment constrained growth models, which states that the long run growth is determined by the average rate of exports in relation with the ratio of income elasticity of imports. If the income elasticity of imports is bigger than the average rate of exports, economic growth will be constrained. The empirical evidence about this approach, known as Thirlwall’s Law, can be found in several papers as Thirlwall and Hussain (1982), McCombie (1989), Moreno-Brid (2003), Lima and Carvalho (2009), and Britto and McCombie (2009). However, the approach does not have a complete consistent explanation about why the external constraint occurs. Some authors have tried to explain why the countries have their growth constrained using the Systems of Innovation approach, as Silveira, Romero and Britto (2010), Missio and Jayme Jr (2011), Jayme Jr and Resende (2009), and Silva and Hasenclever (2010). In their point of view, the main determinant of the deterioration of the terms of trade in an economy lies in the lack of maturity of its National Innovation System.

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