Entrepreneurship Workshop in Kampung Nelayan’s Community, Medan Belawan District

Approximately 600 families inhabit the Kampung Nelayan of Medan Belawan District; most of them work as fishermen. The people of Kampung Nelayan have limited facilities and relatively low knowledge of entrepreneurship which caused an inability to maximize the potential of marine natural resources and mangrove forest resources. Entrepreneurship workshop activities are carried out to equip the public to have a good knowledge of entrepreneurship, which is expected to generate and increase the spirit of entrepreneurship in utilizing and managing the potential of natural resources into high selling value products. The activities were carried out using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest approach. The results of the pretest and post-test were used to measure changes in participants knowledge. The results of the outreach activities showed that there was a change in participants entrepreneurial knowledge, marked by an increase in the average number of pretest and post-test scores. However, in terms of the number of individual scores, there were variations in participants' knowledge, namely increasing, constant, and decreasing. Following up on this result, it is necessary to conduct entrepreneurship assistance and workshops to implement knowledge in managing businesses and marketing them to improve the economy.

Pengaruh Sikap, Norma Subjektif, Religiusitas, Pengetahuan Kewirausahaan, dan Faktor Demografi terhadap Minat Berwirausaha

This study aims to identify the influence of attitude variables, subjective norms, religiosity, entrepreneurial knowledge, and demographic factors on entrepreneurial interest. The population of this study were all active students of IAIN Salatiga. While the number of samples used were 374 students. Multiple linear regression technique was applied in this study to analyze the data. The results obtained from this study are simultaneously all independent variables have a significant effect on the interest in entrepreneurship. While partially, the variables that have a positive and significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship are attitudes, subjective norms, entrepreneurial knowledge, study programs, and entrepreneurial experience. While the variables of religiosity, gender, age, entrepreneurship courses, and campus organization partially have no significant effect. The advice that can be given based on this research is that the IAIN Salatiga institution should continue to encourage students to grow interest in entrepreneurship, these efforts can be made through strengthening entrepreneurship courses and entrepreneurial training.

THE NEED FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP AWARENESS TO BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR! A CASE STUDY ON EMPOWERMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTRIBUTES OF STUDENTS FROM A PRIVATE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING

The entrepreneurial element has now emerged as one of the important pillars in designing appropriate attributes and structures of the academic curriculum covering varied disciplines in all fields of studies in Malaysia’s higher education institutions. This study was conducted in Perlis’s Islamic University College (KUIPs) campus aimed at understanding these attributes and the entrepreneurship cultural awareness of students’ in initiating and identifying appropriate entrepreneurial activities before completing their studies. The study was qualitative in nature involving a group of 20 students randomly chosen from four (4) faculties in KUIPs. Students were interviewed using instant message routes because of the restrictions imposed by authorities in addressing concerns a rising from the COVID 19 pandemic, where face-to-face interviews were disallowed due to health and security factors. The objectives of this study were 1) What are the factors that encourage students to become entrepreneurs on campus? and 2) What are the constraints facing students in becoming entrepreneurs on campus? The results of the study found that there were 3 main factors attributing to students’ keen interest to venture into entrepreneurial activities in KUIPs, namely a) keen interest to initiate own business and aspiring to be an entrepreneur after graduation, b) meeting students’ basic needs (social entrepreneurship), and c) able to earn extra income to defray living and study expenses. There were 3 constraints discovered in becoming entrepreneurs, namely a) Capital, b) Suitable Location, and c) Business Skills to start entrepreneurial activities (entrepreneurial knowledge/skills). The results of this study are most beneficial to those involved in the management of entrepreneurial affairs of students, students themselves, and lastly for the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences in KUIPs (in understanding the current attributes and constraints), there by enabling the faculty to design appropriate entrepreneurship programs and activities in order to nurture and create entrepreneurship cultural awareness for future students.

BAKAT, MOTIVASI, HAMBATAN DAN HARAPAN MAHASISWA MENJADI ENTREPRENEUR

The high growth of entrepreneurs is one way to deal with globalization, so the government is very serious in developing entrepreneurship programs, especially among students. But being an entrepreneur is not easy, due to several factors such as talent, motivation, obstacles and expectations. The purpose of this study was to determine the talents, motivations, barriers and expectations of students to become an entrepreneur. The respondents of this study were civil engineering students from the 2014-2021 class, totaling 275 students consisting of 180 men and 95 women. Then respondents were asked to answer a questionnaire consisting of 5 main questions related to entrepreneurial knowledge and future expectations. The results showed that the entrepreneurial talent among male students was higher with a percentage of 65.3% while female students were 56.8%. Making a lot of money is the main motivation to become an entrepreneur, while the lack of capital as much as 55.8% is the main obstacle. The choice of business field to become an entrepreneur is not in accordance with the education taken by 53.6%. Short-term expectations are not appropriate by 54.5%, while long-term expectations are in accordance with the percentage of 55.7%.Pertumbuhnya entrepreneur yang tinggi merupakan salah satu cara untuk menghadapi Globalisasi, sehingga pemerintah sangat serius dalam mengembangkan program entrepreneurship khususnya dikalangan mahasiswa. Namun menjadi seorang entrepreneur tidaklah mudah, karena beberapa faktor seperti bakat , motivasi, hambatan dan harapan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bakat, motivasi, hambatan dan harapan mahasiswa untuk menjadi seorang entrepreneur. Responden penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa teknik sipil angkatan 2014-2021 yang berjumlah 275 mahasiswa terdiri dari 180 pria dan 95 wanita. Kemudian responden diminta untuk menjawab kuesioner yang terdiri dari 5 pertanyaan utama terkait pengetahuan entrepreneur dan harapan masa depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakat entrepreneur di kalangan mahasiswa pria lebih tinggi dengan persentase 65,3% sedangkan mahasiswi wanita sebesar 56,8%. Menghasilkan banyak uang merupakan motivasi utama menjadi entrepreneur, sedangkan tidak ada modal sesesar 55,8% merupakan hambatan utama. Pilihan bidang usaha menjadi entrepreneur tidak sesuai dengan pendidikan yang ditempuh sebesar 53,6%. Harapan jangka pendek tidak sesuai sebesar 54,5% , sedangkan jangka panjang sesuai dengan persentase sebesar 55,7%.

Exploring Human Resource Factors Based Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial opportunities arise when certain individuals have insight into the value of resources that others do not have. Entrepreneurial vigilance, entrepreneurial knowledge, and the ability to coordinate resources as their own. This study is intended to advance our understanding of human resource factors based on entrepreneurship. A total of 175 questionnaires were sent to HRM managers, and 150 received back is 86% response rate of 175 SMEs. Factor analysis is used to assess the underlying structure of human resources. Responses to the HRM and entrepreneurship items were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of this study identify that the human resource factors that greatly influence entrepreneurship are Entrepreneurial Ability and Entrepreneurial Innovation, Entrepreneurial Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Knowledge, and Entrepreneurial Competence.

Delineating competency and opportunity recognition in the entrepreneurial intention analysis framework

Purpose This study aims to delineate opportunity recognition as a competency from opportunity recognition as an outcome in the form of ideas and opportunities. In addition, a model was developed to examine the antecedents that lead to opportunity recognition competency, the intention to be an entrepreneur and finally, the actual number of ideas and opportunities discovered. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted cross-sectional design and collected quantitative data from a total of 247 randomly selected final year students from two private universities in Malaysia. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was applied to test the associations. Findings Study revealed that opportunity recognition competency and ability to develop ideas or exploitable opportunities are distinct constructs. Students with high competency in recognising opportunities are interested to be an entrepreneur but are not necessarily prepared with tangible ideas or exploitable opportunities. Absorptive capacity, entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial knowledge were found to be significant predictors of opportunity recognition competency. Practical implications Firstly, in managing outputs of entrepreneurship education and trainings, opportunity recognition competency and number of ideas and opportunities should be separately and explicitly measured. Secondly, entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial knowledge must be emphasised in entrepreneurial education or training on guiding students to be alert to information and honing their opportunity recognition competency skills through active search techniques. Originality/value This study is one of the few studies that clarify and empirically distinguish the concept of opportunity recognition as competency from opportunity recognition as an outcome in the forms of ideas and exploitable opportunities.

Do Interpersonal Networks Mediate the Relationship Between International Academic Mobility and Entrepreneurial Knowledge?

Temporary international mobility is an increasingly relevant practice amongst academics. However, current literature lacks understanding on whether such mobility influences the individual academics’ entrepreneurial knowledge. This paper hypothesizes that temporary international academic mobility is conducive to the academic’s entrepreneurial knowledge and that interpersonal social networks play a crucial role in the transfer of this knowledge through their strength and size properties. We perform a Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Model and build upon an original survey data set collected amongst 281 Chinese academics. We find that the size of one’s interpersonal social network fully mediates the relationship between international academic mobility and entrepreneurial knowledge. This result points to the importance of a structurally broad - rather than a relationally strong - international social network in the academic’s accumulation of entrepreneurial knowledge abroad.

Entrepreneurship in Crisis: The Determinants of Syrian Refugees’ Entrepreneurial Intentions in Turkey

This study aims to identify the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among Syrian refugees in Turkey. The research, based on planned behaviour theory, focused on the impact of the refugee context on those intentions and thus on the attitudes and behaviour of entrepreneurs. The study is based on the positivist paradigm, and a quantitative methodology was used to collect data. We preferred the method of convenience sampling and chose 122 entrepreneurial projects at the beginning of 2020. The results show that psychological characteristics have no significant impact. Motivation, conviction, and independence are not sufficient conditions for the choice of an entrepreneurial profession. Self-standards do not affect the entrepreneurial intentions of refugees, as support from family and friends may not be sufficient reason to engage in an entrepreneurial project. However, entrepreneurship emerged among the refugees distinguished by perseverance, efficiency, a spirit of innovation, prior experience, adequate perceptions of barriers, and having the resources needed to implement projects. The refugee context has a negative emotional impact on entrepreneurship for reasons related to conditions of instability, language difficulties, the need for capital to invest, and a lack of entrepreneurial knowledge. The research findings can be used to support the role of humanitarian organisations, UN agencies, and host governments in developing a deeper understanding of entrepreneurial intentions in the refugee context.