scholarly journals Influence of Ancient Mesopotamian Aesthetics of Gardens/Parks and Water Installations on the Development of Landscape Architecture

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-34
Author(s):  
Antanas Stančius ◽  
Petras Grecevičius

Based on the information from fundamental historical sources, the oldest origins of civilization can be found in the river valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Throughout Mesopotamia important routes of trade and migration of peoples followed, which influenced the emergence and development of one of the world’s first urban-type civilizations. It was here that the Sumerian civilization evolved, leading to a major cultural and technological breakthrough. Their widely used irrigation canals influenced not only the landscape, but also the entire ecological, economic and political systems of the time, water being a particularly important factor in this civilization. The oldest known gardens have also expanded here, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon still fuel people's imagination. Due to its unique geographical location, the region has had a profound impact on the surrounding nations, and it is no accident that the Assyrian Imperial Parks of Northern Mesopotamia exerted a great influence on the civilizations that followed. Undoubtedly, ancient Mesopotamia occupies a fundamental place in the development of garden art. With the growing use of roof gardens and the use of plants in modern architectural constructions as an extremely important tool for composition, it is worth exploring more closely the origins of this landscape-relevant process.

Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski

AbstractThe following paper depicts the history of Saint Simeon Stylites Uniate Parish in Rachanie since it became known in historical sources until 1811- that is the time it ceased to be an independent church unit. The introduction of the article contains the geographical location of the parish, its size and the position within the hierarchical structure of the Church. Having analysed post-visit inspection protocols left by Chelm Bishops, the appearance as well as fittings and ancillary equipment of the church in Rachanie in that particular period are reported. Moreover, the list of 4 local clergymen is recreated and their benefice is determined. As far as possible, both the number of worshipers and the number of Holy Communion receivers is determined.


Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 101042831769979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojie Bi ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Yixin Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
...  

Overexpression of Axl has been noted to correlate with several human cancers. However, the regulatory mechanisms and effects of Axl in human neuroblastoma development remain unclear. Here, we explore the expression of Axl in neurobalstoma and related upstream regulatory mechanisms of invasion and migration. We found that Axl was overexpressed in metastatic neuroblastoma tissues and positively associated with long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1. Meanwhile, our data suggested that metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 upregulated Axl expression in neuroblastoma cells, resulting in cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, we found that targeting Axl by inhibitor R428 significantly suppressed the abilities of tumor cell invasion and migration. In summary, these results suggested that Axl, which is regulated by long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, may exert great influence on invasion and migration of neuroblastoma.


POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Elena Kostina ◽  
Nadezhda Orlova ◽  
Anastasia Rubina

The relevance of the regional demographic policy study in the Far East is beyond doubt. This article considers the real demographic situation in Primorsky krai and shows that its territory has seen a steady decline in the population due to natural decrease and migration outflow connected with the low standard and quality of life that in turn reduces the attractiveness of the region and makes it particularly vulnerable to global challenges. Attention is paid to the fact that under the conditions of the Russian Federation subjects' differentiation by geographical location, natural resources potential and level of socio-economic development there is no single approach to the regional demographic policy. Differences in the characteristics of the subjects lead to the necessity of developing demographic programs that would take into account the regional specifics, traditions, characteristics and needs of a particular territory. There are presented the results of the author's study of subjective assessments of the social well-being of young people in Primorsky krai and their migration intentions. The data obtained show that a significant part of young people assess the situation in Primorsky krai as unfavorable for further self-realization; the majority of respondents answered that in other regions/countries it would be easier for them to build a career, start a business, and achieve a high level of material well-being. The directions of the regional demographic policy, which allow attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel in the region, are suggested.


Author(s):  
Christopher S. Beekman

This chapter addresses recent research that identifies migration as a specific form of human movement in which social groups move into new social contexts. Migration is inherently disruptive to people’s lives, and it occurs embedded within political, economic, or social processes that make it highly context-specific. I discuss the history of theory in migration research, including recent shifts away from a concern with ethnicity in favour of communities of practice. Late Mesoamerica is a data-rich environment for the study of migration within its social context. The Classic period saw regional political systems that extended their reach economically or militarily and frequently had a demographic component. The widespread disruption of the Epiclassic or Terminal Classic periods included environmental change, political collapse, and a major reorganization of the social landscape. The Postclassic witnessed the re-emergence of complex societies claiming descent from migrant populations. The contributions to this volume come from many different disciplines and assess the timing, causes, perceptions, and impacts of migrations across a variety of social contexts. Political disruption, environmental change, and migration are frequently interrelated in ways reminiscent of our world today.


Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kabwe ◽  
Yuriy Davidyuk ◽  
Anton Shamsutdinov ◽  
Ekaterina Garanina ◽  
Ekaterina Martynova ◽  
...  

Orthohantaviruses give rise to the emerging infections such as of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Eurasia and the Americas, respectively. In this review we will provide a comprehensive analysis of orthohantaviruses distribution and circulation in Eurasia and address the genetic diversity and evolution of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), which causes HFRS in this region. Current data indicate that the geographical location and migration of the natural hosts can lead to the orthohantaviruses genetic diversity as the rodents adapt to the new environmental conditions. The data shows that a high level of diversity characterizes the genome of orthohantaviruses, and the PUUV genome is the most divergent. The reasons for the high genome diversity are mainly caused by point mutations and reassortment, which occur in the genome segments. However, it still remains unclear whether this diversity is linked to the disease’s severity. We anticipate that the information provided in this review will be useful for optimizing and developing preventive strategies of HFRS, an emerging zoonosis with potentially very high mortality rates.


2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1572-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Sheng Cao ◽  
Wan Jun Zhang

In the 21st century, diminishing water resources have become a global concern. The Taihang Mountain area plays an important role in the sustainable development of the Bohai coastal area in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei because of its special geographical location and features; but due to drought and deficiency of water, the Taihang Mountain area is faced with the dual problems of poverty and ecological vulnerability. It seems particularly important to develop and utilize the water resources in a sustainable manner as water is one of the key factors in promoting local economic development and improving the ecological environment. This paper investigates, from the perspective of water cycle and water transformation, the seepage recharge mechanism in slopes and river valleys, taking into account the hydrological features of the Taihang Mountain area and the hydro-geological features of slopes and river valleys in the area. Based on analysis of the formation process and characteristics of shallow groundwater resources, this paper puts forth the idea of “weak water consolidation” for sustainable development of water resources, and three groundwater development and utilization techniques in respect of seepage through rock-soil interfaces and weathered rock fissures in slopes and seepage in river valleys, offering a powerful support to the economic development and environmental improvement in the Taihang Mountain area.


1955 ◽  
Vol 20 (4Part1) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Ezell

The area dealt with in this report is that portion of northwestern Sonora and southwestern Arizona bounded on the southwest by the Gulf of California, on the west by the Colorado River valley below the junction of the Gila River, on the north by the Gila River valley, and on the east by an imaginary line from the vicinity of Gila Bend south along the western edge of the Papago Reservation and thence southwest to the mouth of the Sonoyta River on the Gulf of California (Fig. 106). Within this area Sauer has suggested a boundary between the Piman-speaking people of southern Arizona and northern Sonora, and the Yuman-speaking tribes of the lower Colorado and Gila River valleys, based on linguistic affiliations described in early historical sources (Sauer 1934, map). On archaeological evidence Gifford has suggested that the locality between Punta La Cholla and the mouth of the Sonoyta River represented a point on an ethnic boundary (Gifford 1946: 221).


Author(s):  
Yanqi Zhao ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Rongkun Dai ◽  
Sobkowiak Leszek ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Long-term polluted rivers often lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in sediments. Anthropogenic activities or biological disturbances break the adsorption balance, causing them to return from the bottom mud to the overlying water and change the aquatic environment. In order to understand the variation of heavy metals between sediments and river water, we collected the riverbed sediments in the polluted Xinhe River and carried out static continuous infiltration and dynamic uninterrupted disturbance experiments. The leaching experiment shows that the absorbability of Cd and Pb is stronger than Cr in the sediment; at the same time, the properties of the medium have a great influence on the adsorption of heavy metals. The disturbance can prompt heavy metals in the sediment to resuspend into the overlying water. The impact is the greatest during the first 12 h, and the influence degree is stronger in the relatively static water than in the moving river. In addition, pH and other factors have different degrees of influence on the desorption of heavy metals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Kifah Alhazzaa

Landscape architecture is the connection between human and nature, which enhance human health and comfort. It contributes to water conservation and natural resource preservation since it is a part of the global ecosystem. The geographical location, which represents the climatic and terrestrial features, is one of the essential considerations of the landscape design due to its cruciality of design impacts. In this research, new landscape classification has been revealed that categorizes the landscape into two main categories: natural landscape and built landscape, and each category has been followed by subcategories which have demonstrated in this paper. One of the landscape architecture objectives is to optimize the design for human needs and comfort, thus how will the landscape design optimize in different climate conditions? There are many environmental design strategies that respond to any climate type conditions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Dewi Fatimah Leppa

Bukti arkeologi meninggalkan jejak, termasuk jejak untuk menelusuri awal mula agama Islam masuk ke Indonesia, antara abad ke-7 hingga ke-8 Masehi. Arkeolog Uka Tjandrasasmita menegaskan pentingnya bukti-bukti arkeologi dalam karyanya ‘Arkeologi Islam Nusantara’. Dalam karya tersebut, Uka mengungkapkan data-data arkeologi baik berupa makam-makam batu nisan, pecahan keramik dan ragam hiasan maupun arsitektur bangunan keraton yang merupakan material penting sebagai sumber sejarah. Semua itu bisa dimanfaatkan untuk mengetahui dan merekonstruksi bagaimana kedatangan Islam ke Tanah Air. Misalnya, makam di Nusantara memiliki persamaan tulisan dengan makam Islam yang ada di Gujarat, India. Persamaan tersebut dapat ditemukan pada makam Malik Ibrahim dibuat tahun 1419 H di Gresik, Jawa Timur dan makam Samudra Pasai pada tahun 882 H. Makam-makam yang ada di Gujarat dan Tanah Air juga memiliki bahan baku yang sama yaitu batu pualam. Dengan adanya persamaan tersebut bisa disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang aktif, terutama hubungan dagang antara Gujarat, Samudra Pasai, dan Jawa Timur. Melalui perdagangan tercipta interaksi antara penduduk Tanah Air dan para pedagang Muslim dari Gujarat. Melalui interaksi ini juga para pedagang Muslim dari Gujarat tak hanya melakukan aktivitas dagang tetapi juga menyebarkan ajaran agama Islam di Tanah Air. Sejak zaman sebelum Islam Pelabuhan Banten merupakan Pelabuhan terpenting di tanah Sunda. Hal itu disebabkan oleh letak geografisnya yang berada di tengah-tengah teluk Banten dengan jaringan Sungai Cibanten dan beberapa anak sungainya. Faktor alamiah ini merupakan hal yang sangat menguntungkan bagi pihak yang mengelola pelabuhan para pedagang. Keadaan ini yang mengakibatkan Pelabuhan Banten menempatkan diri dalam dunia perdagangan internasional di Asia.[Archaeological evidence always leaves a trail, and these include traces to track earlier times when Islam arrived in Indonesia between the 7th and the 8th centuries (CE). Archaeologist Uka Tjandrasasmita stressed the importance of the archaeological pieces of evidence in his work ‘Archaeology of Islam Nusantara’, which reveals some archaeological data in tombs decorated with ceramic fragments and palace architecture, which were considered essential materials as historical sources. All of these can be used to find out and reconstruct how Islam came to Indonesia. For example. The tombs have the same writings as the Islamic tombs in Gujarat, India. The similarities are found in Malik Ibrahim’s tombs, created in 1419 H in Gresik, East Java, and the tomb of Samudra Pasai of Aceh in 882 H. The tombs in Gujarat and Indonesia have the same raw material made from marble. Given these facts, there is a historical relationship between Gujarat, India, and Indonesia, and this could happen due to trade relations between Gujarat and Samudra Pasai and East Jawa. Through trades, interactions between the Muslim traders of Gujarat and Muslim Indonesians took place, and through these interactions, Muslim Gujarati not only carried out trading activities but also spread the teachings of Islam in Indonesia. Some historical facts show that for a long, Banten Port had become the most important port in the land of Sunda. This is due to its geographical location is in the middle of Banten Bay connected with Cibanten River networking and some of its tributaries. This natural factor is very profitable for the Sultan in managing the trades. As a result, the Banten port played a significant role in international trade in Asia.]


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