Type II Vacuum Spacetime Admitting Closed Timelike Curves

We present a cyclic symmetry type II vacuum spacetime admitting closed timelike curves (CTCs) which appear after a certain instant of time, i.e., a time-machine spacetime. The various authors in past have considered the 2D and 4D flat generalization of Misner space, but in the present work, we have considered the curved spacetime generalzations of 4D Misner space, and is asymptotically flat radially

The Relationship of Symmetry, Complexity, and Shape in Mobile Interface Aesthetics, from an Emotional Perspective—A Case Study of the Smartwatch

Products with interactive interfaces can be seen everywhere, and product interface design aesthetics is a topic that has begun to receive wide attention. Consumers’ perceptions of product interfaces come from their own emotions, and emotion plays a significant role in product interface design aesthetics. In other words, it must meet the users’ emotional and aesthetic requirements. Therefore, we need to better understand the aesthetic design criteria and how they stimulate specific emotional responses. This study takes the dial interface of smartwatches as its experimental sample and explores how the interaction effects of the screen shape (square and round) and the symmetry type and the complexity type of the interface design influence the users’ emotional arousal and valence. In addition, it analyzes the effects of the symmetry type, the complexity type, and the screen shape on the users’ arousal and valence. The results show that the attributes of interface design aesthetics (symmetry-asymmetry, complexity-simplicity, and square-round) affect the users’ emotional responses. Moreover, the interface shape is one of the important factors in the emotional response to an interface design. This paper, based on previous research, provides vital theoretical support for the relevant literature on interface design aesthetics and the users’ emotional state. In addition, it may provide a reference for designers and developers who wish to develop and implement emotional user interfaces that are designed to more effectively appeal to their emotions.

Raman Scattering in Non-Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Crystals with a Low Photorefractive Effect

Raman spectra of lithium niobate single crystals strongly doped by zinc and magnesium, it has been established, contain low-intense bands with frequencies 209, 230, 298, 694, and 880 cm−1. Ab ignition calculations fail to attribute these bands to fundamental vibrations of A2 symmetry type unambiguously. Such vibrations are prohibited by the selection rules in the space group C3V6 (R3c). Ab initio calculations also proved that low-intense “extra” bands with frequencies 104 and 119 cm−1 definitely do not correspond to vibrations of A2 symmetry type. We have paid special attention to these extra bands that appear in LiNbO3 single crystals Raman spectra despite the fact that they are prohibited by the selection rules. In order to do so, we have studied a number of lithium niobate single crystals, both nominally pure and doped, by Raman spectroscopy. We have assumed that some “extra” bands correspond to two-particle states of acoustic phonons with a total wave vector equal to zero. We have also detected a Zn concentration area (0.05–0.94 mol.% ZnO in a crystal) where doped crystal structure is more ordered: The order of alternation of the main, doping cations, and vacancies along the polar axis is increased, and oxygen octahedra are less distorted.

Ovule and seed production patterns in relation to flower size variations in actinomorphic and zygomorphic flower species

Zygomorphic flower species tend to show lower flower size variation than actinomorphic flower species. Have these differences also brought an association in ovule and seed production that has arisen due to natural selection in these species? Flowers were collected from 29 actinomorphic and 20 zygomorphic flower species, and fruits were collected from 21 actinomorphic and 14 zygomorphic flower species in Miyagi and Aomori prefectures, in Japan. The coefficient of variations (CVs) of flower sizes, mean ovule sizes of flowers, ovule numbers of flowers and mean seed sizes of fruits were calculated. The CV of flower sizes was marginally different between the floral symmetry types; tending to be lower in the zygomorphic flower species than in the actinomorphic flower species. The CVs of mean ovule sizes and ovule numbers of flowers increased with increase in the CV of flower sizes in the actinomorphic flower species but not in the zygomorphic flower species. Mean ovule number of flowers tends to increase with increase in mean flower size in the actinomorphic flower species but not in the zygomorphic flower species. The degrees in variations in ovule size and number of flowers were influenced by the interaction of floral symmetry type and flower size variation, suggesting that floral symmetry also has brought an evolutionary association in ovule production by flowers.

SATO–TATE EQUIDISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN FAMILIES OF ARTIN -FUNCTIONS

We study various families of Artin $L$ -functions attached to geometric parametrizations of number fields. In each case we find the Sato–Tate measure of the family and determine the symmetry type of the distribution of the low-lying zeros.

The vibrational spectra of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide: A Lie algebraic study

The infrared vibrational levels of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are studied in the framework of Lie algebra. The aim of this work is to compare the frequency obtained in two algebraic models: “the vibron model” and “the mean field approximation of the vibron model”. To compare the two models we choose two triatomic molecules: CO2 of symmetry type D∞h and N2O of symmetry type C∞v. To construct the energy levels in the vibron model, the vibron numbers N for the two molecules are estimated from the harmonic frequency and the anharmonicity constant. After the proper estimation of N, the algebraic interaction parameters for both the molecules are evaluated against a least square fit with the experimental values using MATLAB R2015. Using the algebraic interaction parameters, the vibrational frequencies for the two molecules are calculated. Because CO2 is a linear symmetric triatomic molecule, the higher vibrational levels are largely affected by the mode mixing due to accidental degeneracy. The accidental degeneracy is studied introducing the Majorana and Fermi interaction parameters and the rms deviations are observed. The effects of accidental degeneracy for each of the molecules are not equal. In the second part of this report, the harmonic frequencies of CO2 and N2O are calculated using the mean field approximation. It is found that the results show good agreement.

Локальная симметрия канала для транспорта атомов, молекул и его внутренние размеры

The effect of a channel’s symmetry type on its internal dimensions, which would allow the movement of atoms (ions, molecules), has been discussed. Based on the symmetry properties of the Lagrange function for the channel and the properties of the channel itself, its internal dimensions are determined. The particular example of the crystallographic channel of quartz and its dislocations is considered.