Correlation magnetodynamics equations taking into account the uniaxial quadratic correction in the approximation of the one-particle distribution function

The system of equations for correlation magnetodynamics (CMD) is based on the Bogolyubov chain and approximation of the two-particle distribution function taking into account the correlations between the nearest neighbors. CMD provides good agreement with atom-for-atom simulation results (which are considered ab initio), but there is some discrepancy in the phase transition region. To solve this problem, a new system of CMD equations is constructed, which takes into account the quadratic correction in the approximation of the one-particle distribution function. The system can be simplified in a uniaxial case.

Correlation magnetodynamics equations for antiferro- and ferrimagnets

Based on the Bogolyubov chain and a new approximation of the two-particle distribution function a new system of equations of correlation magnetodynamics is obtained for antiferro- and ferrimagnets. Body-centered and face-centered crystal lattices are considered. The system contains one world-magnetic equation of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch type for each sublattice and several equations for pairwise correlations between sublattices. In this case, the main difficulty is the calculation of the integral coefficients of the resulting system of equations.

The kinetic gas universe

A description of many-particle systems, which is more fundamental than the fluid approach, is to consider them as a kinetic gas. In this approach the dynamical variable in which the properties of the system are encoded, is the distribution of the gas particles in position and velocity space, called 1-particle distribution function (1PDF). However, when the gravitational field of a kinetic gas is derived via the Einstein-Vlasov equations, the information about the velocity distribution of the gas particles is averaged out and therefore lost. We propose to derive the gravitational field of a kinetic gas directly from its 1PDF, taking the velocity distribution fully into account. We conjecture that this refined approach could possibly account for the observed dark energy phenomenology.

The composition of the vapor phase upon evaporation of a mechanical mixture of cadmium and zinc selenotelluride powders

The effect temperature has on the composition of a vapor phase passed through a thermal field after the evaporation of a mechanical mixture of the powders of cadmium and zinc selenotelluride is studied. It is found that the composition of the vapor phase can be changed throughout the range of concentrations by varying the temperature. The results of the study are satisfactorily explained by the effect temperature has on the particle distribution function in correspondence to the weights of the molecules constituting the mixture. There were virtually no molecules of the evaporated substance in the vapor phase, which consisted of diatomic molecules of the elements of Group VX compounds and metal atoms. This means that with the evaporation of mechanical mixtures of CdTe and CdSe powders, the vapor phase in the evaporator contains only Cd, Se2, and Te2 molecules, while mixtures of ZnTe and ZnSe powders contain Zn, Se2 and Te2 molecules. Despite the similarity between the components’ heats of sublimation, their concentrations over the powdermixture did not correspond to the composition of the powder mixture, since compounds A2B6 sublimate incongruently. Coming from the evaporator, the vapor phase entered the thermal field and was condensed onto a substrate at room temperature at its outlet. As follows from the composition of the substrate films, the vapor phase at the outlet was enriched with the light component Se, compared to the powder mixture. By virtue of the law of the conservation of mass, the vapor phase was therefore enriched with the heavy component Te at the inlet to the thermal field. Our results show that the thermal field controls the composition of the vapor phase by changing the particle distribution function according to the weight of the molecules constituting the mixture. The temperature dependences of the composition of the vapor phase are presented for several mechanical mixtures of the powders of (CdSe)x (CdTe)1-x and (ZnSe)x (ZnTe)1-x, where x = 0.45-0.90.

Nonlinear waves and instabilities leading to secondary reconnection in reconnection outflows

Reconnection outflows have been under intense recent scrutiny, from in situ observations and from simulations. These regions are host to a variety of instabilities and intense energy exchanges, often even superior to the main reconnection site. We report here a number of results drawn from an investigation of simulations. First, the outflows are observed to become unstable to drift instabilities. Second, these instabilities lead to the formation of secondary reconnection sites. Third, the secondary processes are responsible for large energy exchanges and particle energization. Finally, the particle distribution function are modified to become non-Maxwellian and include multiple interpenetrating populations.