Collective Action NGO dalam Pencegahan Korupsi Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah di Sulawesi Selatan

This article discusses the collective action of NGOs in guarding and advocating corruption cases in South Sulawesi, specifically the procurement of Center Point of Indonesia (CPI) goods/services. The NGOs in the coalition are engaged in collective action in guarding the corruption of CPI, in which the group is focused on behalf of the Anti Corruption Community Coalition (KMAK) of Sulawei, incorporated from various NGOs namely ACC Sulawesi, PeRAK Institute, KOPEL Indonesia, FIK Non-Governmental Organizations and YASMIB Sulawesi. Media engagement is key to KMAK's success in guarding the CPI corruption, as an aggregation method to achieve its goals. The mass media coverage of reports, monitoring and discussions conducted by KMAK has made a number of formal state institutions take a look at the CPI case. The solid movement established by KMAK has transformed into a civil society movement that maintains a common goal of guarding the procurement of goods and services. Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang collective action NGO dalam mengawal dan mengadvokasi kasus korupsi di Sulawesi Selatan, khususnya kasus pengaadaan barang/jasa Center Point of Indonesia (CPI). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini menunjukan tindakan kolektif yang dilakukan NGO dalam mengawal dugaan korupsi CPI yaitu dengan cara berkoalisi, dan kelompok NGO tersebut mengatasnamakan Koalisi Masyarakat Anti Korupsi (KMAK) Sulawesi, yang tergabung dari berbagai NGO seperti (ACC Sulawesi, PeRAK Institute, KOPEL Indonesia, FIK Ornop Sulsel dan YASMIB Sulawesi) sebagai bentuk collective action. Keterlibatan media menjadi kunci keberhasilan KMAK Dalam mengawal kasus korupsi CPI, dan juga sebagai metode agregasi untuk mencapai tujuannya.

Numerical simulation of macrosegregation with grain motion during solidification of Mg-4wt.%Y alloy

A two-phase solidification model was used that incorporates the descriptions of natural convection, heat transfer, solute transport and solid movement at macroscopic scale with microscopic relations for grain nucleation and growth. The implementation of the two-phase model was validated by comparisons with a consensus of previous numerical simulation for Sn-5wt.%Pb alloy and with experiment for Mg-4wt.%Y alloy cast in one-side-chilled resin sand mould. With free movement of globular grains in the bulk liquid, effects of melt superheat and nucleation density on fluid flow behavior and macrosegregation during solidification of Mg-4wt.%Y alloy were numerically investigated. It was found that a lower melt superheat and a higher nucleation density decrease the severity of macrosegregation by weakening the flotation of grains.

The Influence of Cooling Rate on Macrosegregation in Bi-Sn Alloy

Macrosegregation occurs in casting the most case is as a result of slow interdendritic flow due to shrinkage geometry, solid deformation or gravity. In some cases could be the result of solid movement in the early stages of solidification[1]. The problem is that the observation of macrosegregation in steel material is not easy because of high temperature condition. This recent work uses low melting temperature material alloy to simulate the actual condition as a model material. Various efforts to prevent macrosegregation are aimed to control liquid flow and movement of solid, one of them is by cooling rate controling. In this experiment the mold is cooled in three types of cooling medias to represent three different cooling conditions in order to observe the influence of cooling rate on macrosegregation during solidification of the alloy. The outer part close to the mold wall and the bottom of casting contains less solute than inner location. This occurs in all cooling conditions but cooling rate can cause the solute in casting distributed differently. At high cooling rate condition, distribution of Bi rich grain is more uniform. It is mean that macrosegregation is reduced. Bi-richer grains accumulate at the bottom of the ingot. It could be caused by those grains settle due to their relative density to surrounding liquid during solidification.

The Application of Image Entropy in the Recognition of Free Fluid Spread Motion

In this paper, we introduce the image entropy value into the image pattern recognition of movement, to distinguish the differences between solid movement and diffusion movement. Through the theoretical analysis of the fluid free diffusion movement, the characteristics of the movement were summed up, and the effect of the movement on images was studied. Through simulation and calculation of different movement, their effects on image entropy’s variation were summarized. Finally, through experiments, the image entropy’s variation in practical application was explored, and the results were analyzed. The result turns out to be positive.

Assessment of the effects of greywater reuse on gross solids movement in sewer systems

Onsite greywater reuse (GWR) and installation of water-efficient toilets (WETs) reduce urban freshwater demand and thus enhance urban water use sustainability. Research on GWR and WETs has generally overlooked their potential effects on municipal sewer systems: GWR and WETs affect the flow regime in sewers, and consequently also influence gross solids transport. To asses these impacts, a gross solids transport model was developed. The model is based on approaches found in the literature. Hydrodynamic calculations of sewage flow were performed using the SIMBA6 simulator and then used for the gross solid movement models. Flow characteristics in the up- and downstream sections of the sewer network differ. Therefore different approaches were used to model solids movement in each of these two parts. Each model determines whether a solid moves as a result of a momentary sewage flow, and if it moves, calculation of its velocity is possible. The paper shows the adoption and implementation of two gross solids transport models using SIMBA6 and depicts the results of the effects of various GWR and WET scenarios on gross solids movement in sewers for a real case study in Israel.

CFD Simulation of Fluid Dynamics in a Gas-Solid Jetting Fluidized Bed

A thorough understanding of fundamental parameters, such as transient and time-averaged gas and solid velocities, is helpful for designing and manipulating the gas-solid jetting fluidized beds. In this study, a new two-fluid model developed in our group is used to investigate numerically the gas and solid velocities in the gas-solid jetting fluidized beds by adding the user-defined Fortran subroutines in the platform of CFX 4.4, a commercial CFD software package. Simulation is carried out in a two-dimensional fluidized bed 2.0 m high and 0.3 m wide equipped with a nozzle in the centre at the inlet. Resin, belonging to Geldart B Group, is selected as the solid material. The numerical results show that the solid movement is predominantly upward in the center of the bed, whilst it is primarily downward in the outer region of the bed. Particles exchange between these two regions across their neighboring boundary. Gas interchange between the jet and the emulsion phase becomes obvious with the jet evolution. The time-averaged distributions of gas and solid velocities in the bed are greatly influenced by jet gas velocity, and the effect of the static bed height can be ignored. These numerical computations provide helpful information for designing and scaling up the jetting fluidized bed.

A model for the movement of large solids in small sewers

An extensive series of experiments has been carried out to investigate the movement mechanisms and behaviour of large solids in small sewers. This paper describes the development, calibration and verification of a model (SOLID) based on data obtained from the experimental rig. It is used to predict solid movement with respect to ‘limiting solid transport distance’. Key model parameters are the coefficients of static and dynamic friction, the shape factor of amorphous solids and the flow bypass coefficient. The model is shown to successfully represent the movement of a large solid down a small pipe, where the solid is moving as a sliding, leaking dam, particularly the first ‘hop’. Limitations of the model include a limited facility to well represent multiple hops and the need for closely spaced computational nodes leading to small time steps, and long run times.