Monitoring Dynamic Water Injection to Improve Oil Recovery Efficiency

Dynamic water, also known as smart water, injected at the end of conventional water flood by seawater, is known to show significant improvement in recovering additional oil. Different mechanisms have been proposed and lab measurements were conducted to understand the underlying process of additional oil recovery through dynamic water injection in lab conditions. In this work, we study the effects of different dynamic water injection scenarios on oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs based on reservoir simulations using representative fluid and rock properties with relative permeability curves obtained from core studies. To quantify the changes in measurable multiphysics properties due to dynamic water injection and reconcile multiphysics interpretation with additional oil recovery at field scale, a petrophysically consistent multiphysics effective property modeling is conducted. Based on the simulation results, dynamic water injection is shown to be effective in additional oil recovery at field scale post seawater injection. In addition, saturation changes caused by dynamic water injection result in detectable time-lapse contrast in the corresponding conductivity profiles, suggesting feasibility of the resistivity measurements to monitor dynamic water injection. This paper shows the advantages and benefits of petrophysically consistent multiphysics effective property modeling for a successful fluid monitoring design for quantifying the efficiency of dynamic water injection on additional oil recovery post seawater flood.

Elastic Property Modeling, Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) and Curve-Pseudo Elastic Impedance (CPEI) Inversion for Pore Type Analysis and Hydrocarbon Distribution in Carbonate Reservoir, Kujung I Formation, “Humaira” Field, North East Java Basin

The complexity of the pore shape in carbonate rocks causes the need for a special strategy to characterize carbonate reservoir. The more information used, the more accurate the reservoir characterization will be. Pore type analysis is the important study because it relates to the fluid flow properties. The elastic property modeling show a good match to the actual data. The results of the well log and petrophysical data analysis show that the gas zone is located at the upper side of Kujung I Formation. Based on rock physics modeling result, the possible pore type developing in the Kujung I Formation is reference pore with the dominance of the aspect ratio value of about 0.17-0.19. The carbonate layer containing hydrocarbons is characterized by low Lamda-Rho, Lamda/Mu values and a low Poisson ratio. Porous carbonate layer, characterized by a low Mu-Rho value. The slice results show that the gaseous area is located on the anticline. The zone that has good porosity indicated by low Mu-Rho. In the IN-3 well there are no hydrocarbons, this analysis is in accordance with the geological condition of the IN-3 well which is in a low area on the time structure map. The inversion results show a good match between CPEI against water saturation log and CPEI against porosity log.

Geotechnical Property Modeling and Construction Safety Zoning Based on GIS and BIM Integration

The increase in population and urbanization needs attention towards intense construction activities to meet the social and economic needs. Soil excavation is a primary step in every construction project that needs proper surface and subsurface information modeling since it is vulnerable to construction hazards. Geographic information system (GIS) provides significant information about the existing contextual surface information while building information modeling (BIM) gives information about the asset in a great detail that has been integrated into the construction industry for many applications. However, the integration of BIM and GIS for the subsurface geotechnical property modeling and classification into zones has been rarely explored. This paper presents the integration of BIM and GIS for modeling geotechnical properties and safe construction zones based on soil type. The use of open standard IFC classes such as IfcBorehole, IfcGeoslice, and IfcGeomodel enhances the collaboration and allows the exchange of geotechnical information among different stakeholders. The method has been applied to the in-situ and laboratory test dataset of the Peshawar, region, to validate the proof of concept. The results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully integrates BIM and GIS providing a three-dimensional surface and subsurface model. The 3D digital geotechnical model has excellent potential to provide information about soil type, properties, depth, and volume of each available soil layer that can be used by construction planners and managers to identify best construction practices and plan for safe construction.