HIDROQUÍMICA DE AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS EN EL MUNICIPIO DE SAN PEDRO, SANTA CRUZ, BOLIVIA: DETERMINACIÓN DE FLUORURO

El agua subterránea es la principal fuente de consumo en muchos centros urbanos y áreas rurales de Bolivia, tal es el caso del Municipio de San Pedro ubicado en el departamento de Santa Cruz. El presente estudio se realizó con la Received 04 12 2021 Accepted 04 26 2020 Published 04 30 2021 Vol. 38, No.1, pp. 46-55, Ene./Abr.2021 Revista Boliviana de Química 38(1), 46-55, Jan./Apr. 2021 Bolivian Journal of Chemistry DOI: 10.34098/2078-3949.38.1.5 REVISTA BOLIVIANA DE QUÍMICA ISSN 0250-5460 Rev. Bol. Quim. Paper edition ISSN 2078-3949 Rev. boliv. quim. Electronic edition Lizangela Huallpara L. et al. RBQ Vol.38, No.1, pp. 46-55, 2021 Downloadable from: Revista Boliviana de Química. Volumen 38 Nº1. Año 2021 http://www.bolivianchemistryjournal.org, http://www.scribd.com/bolivianjournalofchemistry 47 Received 04 12 2021 38(1); Jan./Apr. 2021 Accepted 04 26 2021 Published 04 30 2021; DOI:10.34098/2078-3949.38.1.5 finalidad de determinar la calidad fisicoquímica del agua subterránea de consumo en 16 comunidades rurales ubicadas dentro del municipio de San Pedro. Los resultados mostraron valores de pH ligeramente alcalinos comprendidos entre 7,8 y 8,6 y la conductividad eléctrica mostró valores en un rango que va de 313,3 a 1189 µS/cm. Las aguas son predominantemente del tipo Na-HCO3 y contienen elevadas concentraciones de fluoruro (F- ) en un rango que va de 2,1 a 6,4 mg/L excediendo el valor máximo recomendado por la Organización Mundial para la Salud (OMS). Cálculos de índice de saturación (IS) muestran que la fase mineral que podría dar origen al elevado contenido de F- en agua es la [F-Apatita].

Keberpihakan Penulisan Pelaku Kriminalitas dalam Surat Kabar Harian Pos Kota Edisi 1 Juli 2020

Criminality Writing Positioning in The Pos Kota Daily Newspaper Edition 1 July 2020ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sikap dan pandangan penulis terhadap kasus kriminalitas yang terjadi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemberitaan mengenai kriminalitas yang terdapat dalam surat kabar harian Pos Kota edisi 1 Juli 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian analisis wacana kritis subjektivitas Theo Van Leeuwen. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi. Sumber yang peneliti gunakan yaitu berita dengan topik kriminalitas yang terdapat dalam surat kabar harian Pos Kota edisi 1 Juli 2020. Data penelitian yang peneliti gunakan yaitu enam judul berita yang terdapat dalam surat kabar harian Pos Kota edisi 1 juli 2020 dengan topik kriminalitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat enam kutipan teori subjektivitas Theo Van Leeuwen yang ditemukan dalam surat kabar harian Pos Kota edisi 1 Juli 2020, teori tersebut yaitu 1) determinasi, 2) individualisasi, 3) indeterminasi, 4) nominasi-identifikasi, 5) nominasi-kategorisasi, dan 6) penggantian kalimat.Kata kunci: Kriminalitas, Pos Kota, Surat Kabar Harian, Theo Van LeeuwenABSTRACTThis research aims to describe the attitudes and views of the authors in the case of criminality in Indonesia. The research focuses on coverage of crime which is found in the newspaper Kota Pos issue July 1, 2020. This study used a critical discourse analysis of Theo Van Leeuwen's perspective. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research using the content analysis method. The source that the researcher uses is news on the topic of the criminality which is contained in the Pos Kota Daily News Paper Edition 1 July 2020. The research Data that researchers use is the six news headlines which is found in the Pos Kota Daily News Paper Edition 1 July 2020 on the topic of the criminality. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are six quotations theories in the perspective of Theo Van Leeuwen found in the daily newspaper Pos Kota issue 1 July 2020, the theories are 1) determination, 2) individualization, 3) indexing, 4) nomination-identification, 5) nomination-categorization, 6) replacement of sentence.Keywords: Criminality, Pos Kota, Daily Newspaper, Theo Van Leeuwen

Book Reviews

Robert William Fogel and G. R. Elton. Which Road to the Past? Two Views of History. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1983. Pp. vii, 136. Cloth, $14.95. Review by Stephen Kneeshaw of The School of the Ozarks. Emmanuel LeRoy Ladurie. The Mind and Method of the Historian. Translated by Sian Reynolds and Ben Reynolds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. Pp. v, 310. Paper, $9.95. Review by Richard Harvey of Ohio University. John E. O'Connor, ed. American History/ American Television: Interpreting the Video Past. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1983. Pp. 463. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $8.95. Review by D' Ann Campbell of Indiana University. Foster Rhea Dulles & Melvyn Dubofsky. Labor in America: A History. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1984. 4th edition. Pp. ix, 425. Cloth, $25.95. Paper, $15.95. Review by Robert W. Dubay of Bainbridge Junior College. Karen Ordahl Kupperman. Roanoke: The Abandoned Colony. Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman & Allanheld, 1984. Pp. viii, 182. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $12.50. Review by John T. Reilly of Mount Saint Mary College. Kevin O'Reilly. Critical Thinking in American History: Exploration to Constitution. South Hamilton, Massachusetts: Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School, 1983. Pp. 86. Paper, $2.95. Teacher's Guides: Pp. 180. Paper, $12.95; Kevin O'Reilly. Critical Thinking in American History: New Republic to Civil War. South Hamilton, Massachusetts: Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School, 1984. Pp. 106. Paper, $2.95. Teacher's Guide: Pp. 190. Paper, $12.95. Review by James F. Marran of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Illinois. Michael J. Cassity, ed. Chains of Fear: American Race Relations Since Reconstruction. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1984. Pp. xxxv, 253. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Ann W. Ellis of Kennesaw College. L. P. Morris. Eastern Europe Since 1945. London and Exeter, New Hampshire: Heinemann Educational Books, 1984. Pp. 211. Paper, $10.00. Review by Thomas T. Lewis, Mount Senario College. John Marks. Science and the Making of the Modern World. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann Educational Books, Inc., 1983. Pp. xii, 507. Paper, $25.00. Review by Howard A. Barnes of Winston-Salem State University. Kenneth G. Alfers, Cecil Larry Pool, William F. Mugleston, eds. American's Second Century: Topical Readings, 1865-Present. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Co., 1984. Pp. viii, 381. Paper, $8.95. Review by Richard D. Schubart of Phillips Exeter Academy. Sam C. Sarkesian. America's Forgotten Wars: The Counterrevoltuionary Past and Lessons for the Future. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1984. Pp. xiv, 265. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard Selcer of Mountain View College. Edward Wagenknecht. Daughters of the Covenant: Portraits of Six Jewish Women. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 1983. Pp. viii, 192. Cloth, $17.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Morton Borden. Jews, Turks, and Infidels. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. Pp. x, 163. Cloth, $17.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Richard Schlatter, ed. Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing Since 1966. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. Pp. xiii, 524. Cloth, $50.00. Review by Fred R. van Hartesveldt of Fort Valley State College. Simon Hornblower. The Greek World, 479-323 B.C. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. xi, 354. Cloth, $24.00; Paper, $11.95. Review by Dan Levinson of Thayer Academy, Braintree, Massachusetts. H. R. Kedward. Resistance in Vichy France. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Paper edition 1983. Pp. ix, 311. Paper, $13.95. Review by Sanford J. Gutman of the State University of New York at Cortland.

Digital Challenges on the Norwegian Media Scene

This article summarises findings from a research project on the digitisation of Norwegian newsrooms, analysing trends in the industry and changes in user-habits. Findings suggest that most journalists are positive about the digitisation of the newsroom but fear that cutbacks in staff will prevent them from exploiting the potential of the new technology. They also fear that too much focus on technical skills will leave less space for critical journalism. Findings also suggest a correlation between resources used to develop the online edition and the perceived ethical standards of the content. More online journalism leads to a higher degree of scepticism among the readers. There are two different justifications for using resources on the online edition. Some newspaper executives hope to use the online edition to recruit new readers to the paper edition while another group hopes to develop the breadth of market service through a portfolio of publishing platforms.

E-paper News Publishing

Electronic distribution is challenging the newspaper industry to seek new ways of publishing; consequently, news content could be processed on and for a variety of output platforms. Electronic paper (e-paper) could turn into a major newspaper publishing channel due to its ability to display content in a paper-like manner, with lower weight, lower power consumption, and facilitated handling compared to a computer, but without the major publishing and distribution costs associated with printed newspapers. This work is based on seven case studies of newspaper companies in Sweden, Europe and North America, and analyses newspaper companies’ views on future e-paper publishing. The objective has been to examine the conditions that would enable the e-paper medium to become viable as a newspaper-publishing channel. Newspaper companies regard the idea of a future e-paper edition as very promising, but are uncertain as to what strategy to use. The final product will be a balance between cost, reorganization, the available number of rich media, and updates. Based on the companies’ views, five models of how to incorporate an e-paper publishing channel into existing newspaper production have been proposed. The appropriateness of the models depends on each newspaper company’s conditions, including assets, consumer base and demographics, current workflow, and future strategies.

A transcontinental distribution

The difference over twenty years, in the making of ET since 1985, includes the vanishing away of paper files. In a cabinet beside my desk I have A–Z files for the many people who literally ‘wrote’ – that is, typed – to me on paper. I almost never consult any of those files now, and don’t remember when I last added a sheet to them. Instead, of course, I check my email, which piles up electronically in non-real space somewhere inside this machine in front of me. And, though I strive to keep my records straight, I seldom check back very far or go into e-files of old e-mails. And, most days, whether in Cambridge or in Hong Kong, I read daily e-abstracts from my much-prized Edinburgh newspaper, The Scotsman, and don't recall when I last saw, leave alone bought and read, a conventional paper edition of it.