Potential of local plant Eleocharis dulcis for wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands system: review

Plants have a vital role in constructed wetlands because they provide oxygen in removing pollutants, as a medium of microorganisms, as absorbers of nutrients and other pollutants, must be resistant to high levels of pollutant loads and stressful conditions. Several plants have potential for constructed wetland, namely Phragmites sp., Typha sp., Canna indica, Colocasia esculenta, Eichornia crassipes, Eleocharis dulcis, and others. Eleocharis dulcis is a local plant commonly found in South Kalimantan. Eleocharis dulcis in the local, namely Purun tikus, grows in tidal swamps and grows in areas of high soil acidity (pH 2.5 – 3.5). Eleocharis dulcis can be used in tackling reclamation waste of acid sulfate soil which can absorb 1.45% of N elements; Cu 15 ppm; P 0.08%; Zn 48 ppm; Mg 0.16%; Fe 1.386 ppm; S 0.18%; Mn 923 ppm; K 2.05%; and Ca 0.22%. According to several studies that have been carried out, Eleocharis dulcis have been shown to reduce several pollutant loads such as Hg 99.84%; Pb; Cd; Fe 85.68%; SO4; Mn 78.94%; BOD 98.74%; COD 98.73%; and turbidity 80% also. The local plant Eleocharis dulcis can be potentially used as wastewater treatment, especially in a constructed wetland systems.

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa EN PLANTAS CULTIVADAS Y SILVESTRES EN PARRAS, COAHUILA, MÉXICO

Xylella fastidiosa es una bacteria Gram negativa que infecta plantaciones de vid (Vitis vinifera L.) en el municipio de Parras, Coahuila, México. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la subespecie de X. fastidiosa y determinar su asociación con diferentes especies de plantas cultivadas y silvestres en el municipio. Durante el verano y otoño de 2018 se obtuvieron, en dos predios del municipio de Parras, 83 muestras procedentes de árboles frutales (n = 36), incluyendo vid, árboles forestales (n = 4), plantas ornamentales (n = 2) y plantas silvestres (n = 41). Para la identificación de la bacteria se amplificaron por PCR secuencias parciales de los genes gyrB, HL y 16S rRNA, así como de los genes de mantenimiento (MLST) leuA, petC, malF, cysG, holC, nuoL y gltT, además del gen de adherencia a superficies pilU. La reconstrucción filogenética mostró que las secuencias amplificadas correspondieron a X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. El clado X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa mostró que las secuencias concatenadas de los genes MLST se agruparon con las secuencias ST1, ST2 y ST3, y las del gen pilU con la secuencia ST1. Los resultados confirmaron la presencia de X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa en las especies cultivadas de Carya sp., Cydonia sp., Ficus carica, Olea europaea y V. vinifera, y en las especies silvestres Celtis pallida, Baccharis sp., Phragmites sp. y Rubus sp. Sólo en Cydonia sp., O. europaea, Phragmites sp. y V. vinifera se registró síntoma de escaldadura en las hojas, característico de X. fastidiosa. Los resultados indican que en el municipio de Parras, Coahuila se presentan infecciones recurrentes que representan una fuente de inóculo de la bacteria para los viñedos, principal cultivo de la región. Este es el primer reporte de X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa en Cydonia sp., la cual se propone como nuevo hospedante de la bacteria.

Steam explosion-ionic liquid pretreatments on wetland lignocellulosic biomasses of Phragmites (sp.) and Thalia dealbata for Bio H2conversion

Bio H2conversion from wetland lignocellulosic biomass is one of the promising alternatives to fossil fuels.

Eutylenchus excretorius Ebsary & Eveleigh, 1981 (Nematoda: Tylodorinae) from Spain with approaches to molecular phylogeny of related genera

Nematode surveys in indigenous vegetation in northern Spain revealed the presence of a nematode population of the genus Eutylenchus associated with moist sandy soils in the rhizosphere of common reed (Phragmites sp.) on the banks of the Tera river in Garray (Soria province). Morphological and morphometrical studies on this population fits with Eutylenchus excretorius, representing the first report for Spain and southern Europe and the fifth report in Europe after Germany, Poland, Czech Republic and Russia. SEM studies were carried out for the first time on this species and showed four lips separated by deep grooves. Each lip bears an elongated, flexible, recurved projection (seta) 12 (11-13) μm long, proximal third wide, gradually attenuating, distal end rounded. Molecular characterisation of E. excretorius using several genes is provided. The sequence of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene of this population was identical to a previously studied sample from Germany. Phylogenetic analysis using D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of tylenchid nematodes revealed that E. excretorius clustered with moderate support with Cephalenchus hexalineatus. The position of E. excretorius on majority consensus Bayesian phylogenetic tree reconstructed using heat shock protein 90 gene sequence was not well resolved.