Application of Epoxy Resin for Improvement of the Banana Stem-Acoustic Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Azril Riduan ◽  
Mohd Jumain Jalil ◽  
Intan Suhada Azmi ◽  
Afifudin Habulat ◽  
Danial Nuruddin Azlan Raofuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
To Come

Background: Greener epoxidation by using vegetable oil to create an eco-friendly epoxide is being studied because it is a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly commodity that is safer than non-renewable materials. The aim of this research is to come up with low-cost solutions for banana trunk acoustic panels with kinetic modelling of epoxy-based palm oil. Method: In this study, the epoxidation of palm oleic acid was carried out by in situ performic acid to produce epoxidized palm oleic acid. Results: Banana trunk acoustic panel was successfully innovated based on the performance when the epoxy was applied. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed by using the numerical integration of the 4th order Runge-Kutta method, and the results showed that there is a good agreement between the simulation and experimental data, which validates the kinetic model. Conclusion: Overall, the peracid mechanism was effective in producing a high yield of epoxy from palm oleic acid that is useful for the improvement of acoustic panels based on the banana trunk.

scholarly journals A novel hybrid nanofibrous strategy to target progenitor cells for cost-effective in situ angiogenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (43) ◽  
pp. 6967-6978 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sachot ◽  
O. Castaño ◽  
H. Oliveira ◽  
J. Martí-Muñoz ◽  
A. Roguska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Interface Cell

Ti-doped calcium phosphate ormoglasses combined with biodegradable PLA promote an efficient and low-cost angiogenesis by the generation of high Ca2+concentrated interfaces that induce a high yield of tubulogenesis, with the gain in interface–cell interaction and instructivity.

Otta Seals and Gravseals as Low-Cost Surfacing Alternatives for Low-Volume Roads: Experiences in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Oloo ◽  
Rob Lindsay ◽  
Sam Mothilal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
To Come

The geology of the northeastern part of the province of KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa, is predominantly alluvial with vast deposits of sands. Suitable gravel sources are hard to come by, which results in high graveling and regraveling costs brought about by long haul distances and accelerated gravel loss. Most gravel roads carry fewer than 500 vehicles per day of which less than 10% are heavy vehicles. The high cost of regraveling has led to consideration of upgrading such roads to surfaced standard, even though traffic volumes do not justify upgrading. Traditional chip seals are expensive and cannot be economically justified on roads that carry fewer than 500 vehicles per day. The KwaZulu–Natal Department of Transport is actively involved in efforts to identify cost-effective alternative surfacing products for low-volume roads. Field trials were conducted with Otta seals and Gravseals, which have been used successfully in other countries, as low-cost surfacing products for low-volume roads. The Otta seal is formed by placing graded aggregates on a relatively thick film of soft binder that, because of traffic and rolling, works its way through the aggregates. Gravseal consists of a special semipriming rubberized binder that is covered by a graded aggregate. Both Otta seals and Gravseals provide relatively flexible bituminous surfaces suitable for low-volume roads. Cost savings are derived mainly from the broad aggregate specifications, which allow for the use of marginal materials.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Improved Methodology for the Screening of Industrially Valuable Xylano-Pectino-Cellulolytic Microbes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avtar Singh ◽  
Amanjot Kaur ◽  
Anita Dua ◽  
Ritu Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
First Report ◽  
Primary Screening

Xylano-pectino-cellulolytic enzymes are valuable enzymes of the industrial sector. In our earlier study, we have reported a novel and cost effective methodology for the qualitative screening of cellulase-free xylano-pectinolytic microorganisms by replacing the commercial, highly expensive substrates with agricultural residues, but the microorganisms with xylanolytic, pectinolytic, cellulolytic, xylano-pectinolytic, xylano-cellulolytic, pectino-cellulolytic, and xylano-pectino-cellulolytic potential were obtained. The probability of getting the desired combination was low, so efforts were made to further improve this cost effective methodology for obtaining the high yield of the microbes capable of producing desired combination of enzymes. By inclusion of multiple enrichment steps in sequence, using only practically low cost substrates and without any nutrient media till primary screening stage, this improved novel protocol for screening gave only the desired microorganisms with xylano-pectino-cellulolytic activity. Using this rapid, efficient, cost effective, and improved methodology, microbes with required combination of enzymes can be obtained and the probability of getting the desired microorganisms is cent percent. This is the first report presenting the methodology for the isolation of xylano-pectino-cellulolytic positive microorganisms at low cost and consuming less time.

Through Silicon Via Technology: Cost effective Cu-TSV Interconnects by EMC3D and Technical Challenges with Cu-TSV

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000425-000445
Author(s):  
Paul Siblerud ◽  
Rozalia Beica ◽  
Bioh Kim ◽  
Erik Young
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Through Silicon Via ◽  
Wafer Level Packaging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
Ic Technology

The development of IC technology is driven by the need to increase performance and functionality while reducing size, power and cost. The continuous pressure to meet those requirements has created innovative, small, cost-effective 3-D packaging technologies. 3-D packaging can offer significant advantages in performance, functionality and form factor for future technologies. Breakthrough in wafer level packaging using through silicon via technology has proven to be technologically beneficial. Integration of several key and challenging process steps with a high yield and low cost is key to the general adoption of the technology. This paper will outline the breakthroughs in cost associated with an iTSV or Via-Mid structure in a integrated process flow. Key process technologies enabling 3-D chip:Via formationInsulator, barrier and seed depositionCopper filling (plating),CMPWafer thinningDie to Wafer/chip alignment, bonding and dicing This presentation will investigate these techniques that require interdisciplinary coordination and integration that previously have not been practiced. We will review the current state of 3-D interconnects and the of a cost effective Via-first TSV integrated process.

scholarly journals High yield synthesis of graphene quantum dots from biomass waste as a highly selective probe for Fe3+ sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aumber Abbas ◽  
Tanveer A. Tabish ◽  
Steve J. Bull ◽  
Tuti Mariana Lim ◽  
Anh N. Phan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Practical Applications

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs), a novel type of zero-dimensional fluorescent materials, have gained considerable attention owing to their unique optical properties, size and quantum confinement. However, their high cost and low yield remain open challenges for practical applications. In this work, a low cost, green and renewable biomass resource is utilised for the high yield synthesis of GQDs via microwave treatment. The synthesis approach involves oxidative cutting of short range ordered carbon derived from pyrolysis of biomass waste. The GQDs are successfully synthesised with a high yield of over 84%, the highest value reported to date for biomass derived GQDs. As prepared GQDs are highly hydrophilic and exhibit unique excitation independent photoluminescence emission, attributed to their single-emission fluorescence centre. As prepared GQDs are further modified by simple hydrothermal treatment and exhibit pronounced optical properties with a high quantum yield of 0.23. These modified GQDs are used for the highly selective and sensitive sensing of ferric ions (Fe3+). A sensitive sensor is prepared for the selective detection of Fe3+ ions with a detection limit of as low as 2.5 × 10–6 M. The utilisation of renewable resource along with facile microwave treatment paves the way to sustainable, high yield and cost-effective synthesis of GQDs for practical applications.

A contribution to solve the arsenic problem in groundwater of Ganges Delta by in-situ treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Rott ◽  
H. Kauffmann
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic in groundwater is a huge problem in numerous regions of the world. Many people are exposed to high arsenic concentrations and consequently risk getting ill or even die as a result of arsenic poisoning. There are several efficient technologies for the removal of arsenic but often these methods have disadvantages, e.g. high costs for installation and/or operation, the need for chemicals or the production of arsenic contaminated filter sludge. These disadvantages can make the application difficult, especially in poor regions. Under suitable ancillary conditions the subterranean (in-situ) treatment, which is often used for iron and manganese removal from groundwater, can also be applied for the removal of arsenic and can be a cost-effective treatment technology. A field trial was carried out with a low-cost in-situ treatment plant in West Bengal/India which is described in this paper, in order to investigate whether this treatment technology is also applicable under the boundary conditions there. As for the in-situ treatment technology besides oxygen no additives are required and no arsenic contaminated filter sludge is produced this technology could be a suitable method for arsenic removal especially in poor regions.

scholarly journals Role of Fibrinolytic Enzymes in Anti-Thrombosis Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farwa Altaf ◽  
Shourong Wu ◽  
Vivi Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Efficacy Rate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Effective Manner

Thrombosis, a major cause of deaths in this modern era responsible for 31% of all global deaths reported by WHO in 2017, is due to the aggregation of fibrin in blood vessels which leads to myocardial infarction or other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Classical agents such as anti-platelet, anti-coagulant drugs or other enzymes used for thrombosis treatment at present could leads to unwanted side effects including bleeding complication, hemorrhage and allergy. Furthermore, their high cost is a burden for patients, especially for those from low and middle-income countries. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel and low-cost drugs for thrombosis treatment. Fibrinolytic enzymes, including plasmin like proteins such as proteases, nattokinase, and lumbrokinase, as well as plasminogen activators such as urokinase plasminogen activator, and tissue-type plasminogen activator, could eliminate thrombi with high efficacy rate and do not have significant drawbacks by directly degrading the fibrin. Furthermore, they could be produced with high-yield and in a cost-effective manner from microorganisms as well as other sources. Hence, they have been considered as potential compounds for thrombosis therapy. Herein, we will discuss about natural mechanism of fibrinolysis and thrombus formation, the production of fibrinolytic enzymes from different sources and their application as drugs for thrombosis therapy.

scholarly journals Combined ANN/ EVOP Factorial Design Approach for Media Screening for Cost-effective Production of Alkaline Proteases from Rhizopus oryzae (SN5) / NCIM-1447 under SSF

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Negi ◽  
Sapna Jain ◽  
Anand Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fungal Protease

Abstract In order to achieve high yield of fungal protease in a very cost effective way and to meet its increased market demand, current study deals with the screening of various agro-wastes as carbon source for the production of protease from Rhizopus oryzae (SN5) / NCIM-1447 under solid state fermentation. Substrates and culture parameters such as wheat bran, soybean meal, black-gram husk, rice husk, mixture of wheat bran, soybean meal, nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and incubation time were first optimized with one factor at time strategy and then EVOP factorial and yield of alkaline protease was achieved 412.8 U/gds at 28 o C and pH=6 after 72 hours of fermentation taking wheat bran and soybean as a substrate in 4:1 ratio. Further Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), was trained with data of EVOP and yield of protease was enhanced up to 422.6 U/gds with wheat bran: soyabean in ratio of 70:30, pH 6.2 at 30°C. The evolved process and Rhizopus oryzae (SN5)/ NCIM-1447 strain would be promising for protease production at industrial scale at low cost.

scholarly journals Development of a Cost-Effective Sensing Platform for Monitoring Phosphate in Natural Waters

Chemosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Donohoe ◽  
Gareth Lacour ◽  
Peter McCluskey ◽  
Dermot Diamond ◽  
Margaret McCaul
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Sensing Platform

A sensing platform for the in situ, real-time analysis of phosphate in natural waters has been realised using a combination of microfluidics, colorimetric reagent chemistries, low-cost LED-based optical detection and wireless communications. Prior to field deployment, the platform was tested over a period of 55 days in the laboratory during which a total of 2682 autonomous measurements were performed (854 each of sample, high standard and baseline, and 40 × 3 spiked solution measurements). The platform was subsequently field-deployed in a freshwater stream at Lough Rea, Co., Galway, Ireland, to track changes in phosphate over a five day period. During this deployment, 165 autonomous measurements (55 each of sample, high standard, and baseline) were performed and transmitted via general packet radio service (GPRS) to a web interface for remote access. Increases in phosphate levels at the sampling location coincident with rainfall events (min 1.45 µM to max 10.24 µM) were detected during the deployment. The response was found to be linear up to 50 µM PO43−, with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 µM. Laboratory and field data suggest that despite the complexity of reagent-based analysers, they are reasonably reliable in remote operation, and offer the best opportunity to provide enhanced in situ chemical sensing capabilities. Modifications that could further improve the reliability and scalability of these platforms while simultaneously reducing the unit cost are discussed.

A Green Alternative for Aryl Iodide Preparation from Aromatic Amines

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Zohreh Shahnavaz ◽  
Lia Zaharani ◽  
Mohd Rafie Johan ◽  
Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diazonium Salts ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Aryl Iodide ◽  
Aryl Iodides ◽  
The One

Background: In continuation of our previous work and the applications of saccharin, we encouraged to investigate the one-pot synthesis of the aryl iodides by the diazotization of the arene diazonium saccharin salts. Objective: Arene diazonium salts play an important role in organic synthesis as intermediate and a wide variety of aromatic compounds have been prepared using them. A serious drawback of arene diazonium salts is their instability in a dry state; therefore, they must be stored and handled carefully to avoid spontaneous explosion and other hazard events. Methods: The arene diazonium saccharin salts were prepared as active intermediates in situ through the reaction of various aryl amines with tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) in the presence of saccharin (Sac–H). Then, in situ obtained intermediates were used into the diazotization step without separation and purification in the current protocol. Results: A variety of aryl iodides were synthesized at a greener and low-cost method in the presence of TBN, Sac–H, glacial acetic acid, and TEAI. Conclusion: In summary, a telescopic reaction is developed for the synthesis of aryl iodides. The current methodology is safe, cost-effective, broad substrate scope, and metal-free. All used reagents are commercially available and inert to moisture and air. Also, the saccharine and tetraethylammonium cation could be partially recovered from the reaction residue, which reduces waste generation, energy consumption, raw material, and waste disposal costs.

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