scholarly journals Chemically modified Jatropha curcas oil for biolubricant applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Nurazira Nor ◽  
Nadia Salih ◽  
Jumat Salimon
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Oxirane Oxygen ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil

Jatropha curcas oil is one of interesting renewable resources for preparation of biolubricants. However, direct application of this oil as a biolubricant is restricted due to its low oxidative stability. This drawback can be overcome by molecule structural redesign through a chemical modification process at its unsaturated functional groups. Jatropha curcas oil was modified via epoxidation, ring opening and esterification processes. Its conversion to the epoxidized oil was performed by using in situ performic acid as a catalyst, then reaction with oleic acid in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst in the ring opening process. The final esterification process with oleic acid was catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Molecular structures of the modified oil were determined by measurements of the oxirane oxygen content and by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that the oxidative stability, viscosity, flash point and pour point of the final product were significantly improved. In specific, the ring opening and esterification processes inducing branching and bending in the final oil molecular structure have resulted in the improved viscosity index of 135, the pour point of -29?C and the increased flash point of 250?C.

Biodegradable Lubricant from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 506-509
Author(s):  
Quan Yi Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Shun Yao ◽  
Hang Song
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biodegradable Lubricant

The chemical modified Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels (IPMVVD) oil as a biodegradable lubricant was described in the paper. IPMVVD oil was modified by epoxidation and reaction of ring opening to resolve poor oxidative stability and low-temperature fluidity when vegetable oils as lubricants directly. The effects of the parameters in the process were studied, and then the product was evaluated. The results showed that the modified IPMVVD oil had higher viscosity index and superior oxidative stability comparing with unmodified oil; its mixtures with Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) offered a wide range of kinematic viscosities and lower pour point (-22°C), displayed preferable low temperature performance.

scholarly journals Lubrication properties of dodecanedioate esters-based bio-lubricant

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1117-1125
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Lubrication Properties

Interest in the synthesis of new bio-lubricants with improved lubricity properties and higher quality is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the bio-lubrication properties of synthesized dodecanedioate esters-based bio-lubricant. Thirteen samples of dodecanedioate esters with different chemical structures were synthesized. The results showed that di-2-methylbutyl dodecanedioate (D2MBD), di-2-ethylbutyl dodecanedioate (D2EBD), and di-2-ethylhexyl dodecanedioate (D2EHD) showed good low-temperature properties with very low pour point (PP) values of -45 oC, -35 oC, and -55 oC, respectively. Di-oleyl dodecanedioate (DOlD) showed a remarkable flash point (FP) value of 300 oC; however, it showed poor oxidative stability (OXS) at 177 oC. The results showed increases in flash point (FP), viscosity index (VI), and oxidative stability (OXT) with increasing carbon chain length and branching in the employed alcohol. Furthermore, friction coefficient, Newtonian and non-Newtonian properties were tested. The results showed that the tested dodecanedioate esters, which have high molecular weight had a low friction coefficient, and they were classified as non-Newtonian fluids except DOLD was classified as a Newtonian fluid. In general, based on the results, the branched dodecanedioate esters can be used as lubricant without additives.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of CuO-ZnO Nano Additive for Lubricant

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Buddha Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Hira Mani Trital ◽  
Armila Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mixed Metal

A mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) additives has been successfully synthesized in laboratory by co-precipitation technique. The optimum ratio of CuO and ZnO in mixed metal oxide was found to be 1:1. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been used as surfactant. The obtained material was found to be crystalline having crystalline size of 18 nm. The stretching band in FTIR spectra at around 1072 cm-1 to 750 cm-1 and around 600 cm-1 indicates the presence of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds. As prepared nano-particles have been used as nano additive in base oil to improve physio-chemical parameters of lubricants. The results revealed that the additive blended base oil (lubricant) has shown excellent lubrication properties. The higher kinematic viscosity of 33.0504 and 6.0158 at 40°C and 100°C respectively showed that as prepared additive blended lubricant is of ISO-32 category according to ISO grading system for lubricants. Similarly, viscosity index was found to be improved from 101 to 129. The pour point was found to be significantly decreased from -6°C to -24°C. So it can be used as good pour point depressant and could be used even in the extreme cold environment condition. The flash point was found to be increased from 215°C to 220°C indicating that the prepared mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) acts as flash point enhancer. The copper strip corrosion rating was found to be 1b for additive indicating the non corrosive nature. The absence of moisture and pH around the neutral range 6.18 showed the additive blended lubricant is not harmful for machinery devices.

scholarly journals The Effects of Various Acid Catalyst on the Esterification of Jatropha Curcas Oil based Trimethylolpropane Ester as Biolubricant Base Stock

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S33-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Hafizah Arbain ◽  
Jumat Salimon
Keyword(s):  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Time Of Reaction ◽  
C Nmr

Biolubricant production of trimethylolpropane ester (ET) was conducted via esterification of fatty acid (FA) ofJatropha curcasoil with trimethylolpropane (TMP). The condition for this reaction was as follows: temperature was 150°C, time of reaction was 3 hours, molar ratio of FA: TMP was 4:1 and 2% wt/wt concentrated catalyst (based on weight of FA). Different catalyst was used in this reaction such as perchloric acid, sulfuric acid,p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The composition of ET was determined by Gas Chromatography (GC-FID). The ester group was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the structure was confirmed by proton and carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR and13C-NMR) spectra. 70% of ET was successfully synthesized using perchloric acid in this research. The pour point of the product was observed as low as –23°C, flash point is >300°C and viscosity index is 150.

Development and study of new oil compositions on industrial dioktylcebacylic oils adding esters of 2.5,5.5-tetrametylolcyclopethane

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
M.A. Mammadyarov ◽  
◽  
G.N. Gurbanov ◽  
L.M. Yusifova ◽  
G.Z. Hasanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Thermal Oxidative Stability ◽  
The Future

Complex esters of 2.5,5.5-tetrametylolcyclopethane with heptanedioic and hexanoic acids, as well as methyl and 2-ethylhexyl alcohols have been synthesized and studied. Few compositions have been obtained adding these esters to the industrial ones of 5-20 % diisooktyl sebacylic. It was defined that exploitation characteristics of these compositions are significantly higher than those of DOS: viscosity index, flash point, thermal oxidative stability and lubricating characteristics. Based on these parameters, it is recommended to use in the future these compositions in the preparation of aircraft oils of gas-turbine engines instead of DOS esters.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL OXIDATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL FUELS WITH ESTERS OF CYCLIC POLYATOMIC ALCOHOLS

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
L.M. Yusifova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Thermal Oxidative Stability ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Polyatomic Alcohols ◽  
Hydrotreated Diesel

A number of symmetric, asymmetric and complex esters of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylolcyclopentanol and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylolcyclohexanol were synthesized, their physicochemical, viscosity-temperature and thermo-oxidative properties were studied. With the addition of these esters to hydrotreated diesel fuels 0.004% it was possible to significantly improve the operational properties of fuels: to increase thermal oxidative stability, flash point and lower pour point. Proceeding from these results, the esters of cyclic polyatomic alcohols are recommended as complex additives to diesel fuels

scholarly journals Optimization of Base Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Rapid Industrialization has led to a drastic decline in fossil fuels giving rise to the need for environment-friendly biodiesel to fulfill the industrial appetite. Biodiesel from Jatropha curcas has significant potential for being an alternative fuel. The type of catalyst used for the production of biodiesel determines its fuel properties and is considered as a factor affecting its yield. The main objective of the current research work was to compare biodiesel properties obtained from the homogeneous and heterogeneous base catalyst. The properties were compared with ASTM standardized fuel properties to validate its potential as a replacement for diesel. In this study, the base-catalyzed transesterification process was used as a method to produce biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil. KOH and CaO were used as homogenous and heterogeneous base catalysts. The biodiesel thus obtained is subjected to various characterization techniques such as acid number, fire point, flash point, cloud point, pour point, and also were checked for fluid characteristics like density and specific gravity. The results obtained (Example: Fire point: 126, Specific gravity: 0.87) using KOH catalyst were promising as the values were in line with ASTM standard. Therefore, the major outcome of this research work is that a systematic comparison between two different catalysts has been carried out and it has been observed that KOH is an optimum catalyst that is economical and can be scaled up to produce maximum yield. This process can be considered as a zero-waste process as the by-product (glycerin) can further be considered as a raw material to produce commercial-grade products like bioplastics and soap. The important future prospects of this research work is that., as novel methods are taking centre stage to produce biodiesel through environmentally and economically acceptable processes., the jatropha-based biodiesel using effective base catalyst (KOH) through transesterification process will be taking a centre stage as it is found to be much safer fuel than diesel because of its higher flash point and fire point, decreases the dependence on imported petroleum and increases indigenous energy sufficiency

scholarly journals Kinetika reaksi hidroksilasi epoksi minyak jarak pagar menggunakan katalis bentonit

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Ratni Ariatmi Nugrahani ◽  
Flora Elvistia Firdaus ◽  
Yeti Widyawati ◽  
Hana Firginia ◽  
Riris Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxirane Ring ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

Hydroxylation kinetics of jatropha oil epoxy using bentonite catalyst. Based on chemical properties such as fatty acid compositions and iodium value, jatropha curcas oil can potentially be applied as lubricant. Unsaturation of this oil decreases its  oxidative stability. Improvement of this property may be done by chemical modification involving epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with bentonite catalyst, forming polyol by hydroxylation. The purpose of this research is to characterize the products and kinetics of the oxirane ring opening reaction. The results of chemical analysis by titration for residual oxiranes and hydroxyl formed in the reaction system, was showed using ir spectroscopy. Their effects were to reduce epoxy groups at 824-842 cm−1 and appearance of hydroxyl groups at the oh characteristic absorption peak from 3450-3800 cm−1. The oxirane number of epoxidized jatropha oil was reduced from 4.7% to 0.05% by ring opening. The kinetics of the oxirane ring opening of epoxidized jatropha curcas oil by methanol with bentonite was studied at 50, 60, and 65 oc. The oxirane ring opening analyzed by the pseudo-homogeneous approach followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. From the temperature dependence of the  rate, reaction enthalpy (δh) and activation energy (δea) were found to be 8,27 kcal mol−1 and 7,63 kcal mol−1, respectively.Keywords: epoxidized jatropha curcas, hydroxyl, oxirane, bentonite, kinetic AbstrakBerdasarkan sifat-sifat komposisi asam lemak dan bilangan iodium, minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) berpotensi menjadi bahan dasar pelumas. Meskipun demikian, kandungan ikatan tidak jenuh minyak ini menurunkan kestabilan oksidasinya. Kestabilan oksidasi ini dapat diperbaiki melalui modifikasi kimiawi dengan reaksi epoksidasi yang menghilangkan ikatan rangkap.  Ini dilakukan melalui reaksi hidroksilasi dengan membuka ikatan gugus oksirana epoksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi produk, serta mempelajari kinetika reaksi pembukaan cincin oksirana oleh metanol dengan katalis bentonit untuk membentuk poliol. Hasil analisis FTIR produk reaksi menunjukkan penurunan intensitas gugus epoksi pada bilangan gelombang 824-842 cm−1 dan munculnya gugus hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 3450-3800 cm−1. Bilangan oksirana epoksi jarak pagar berkurang dari 4,7% menjadi 0,05% setelah pembukaan cincin. Bilangan hidroksil poliol adalah sebesar 165,77. Pengukuran kinetika pembukaan cincin pada gugus oksirana dari epoksi jarak pagar dilakukan pada 50, 60, dan 65oC. Analisis data laju reaksi yang dianalisis dengan pendekatan sistem pseudohomogen menunjukkan bahwa reaksi mengikut kinetika orde-1 semu. Dari perubahan laju reaksi terhadap temperatur diperoleh nilai entalpi reaksi dan energi aktivasi sebesar masing-masing 8,27 kkal mol-1 dan 7,63 kkal mol-1.Kata kunci: epoksi jarak pagar, hidroksil, oksirana, bentonit, kinetika

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