Poetic Address: Shaking the Hearts of Men

Chapter 4 takes four major poems of the 1850s and analyses them through the theoretical framework laid out in Chapter 3. It examines Tennyson’s In Memoriam as the poem made to stand for the voice of the Victorian age and analyses how the employment of pronouns creates that identity. A reading of Maud argues that Tennyson then critiques print culture and challenges the dominant public mode of poetry insisted on by reviewers. Barrett Browning’s Casa Guidi Windows and Clough’s Amours de Voyages offer examples of poets using address to experiment with a public poetics. Staging their poems outside England, both seek to expand what it means to write poetry for the British public.

Measuring Public Transport Accessibility in Metropolitan Area

Improving access to public transport can be considered an effective way of reducing the negative side-effects of motorised commuting. This chapter used the large dataset of Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA) to introduce a new approach measuring public transport accessibility within the Melbourne region, Australia. A public transport accessibility index (PTAI) is a combined measure of public transport service frequency and population density as an important distributional indicator. Although many studies have measured access levels to public transport stops/stations, there has been limited research on accessibility that integrates population density within geographical areas. Employing geographical information system (GIS), a consistent method is introduced for evaluating public transport accessibility for different levels of analysis, from single elements, including public mode stops, to network analysis. The proposed index is compared with two common existing approaches using regression models. Key findings indicate that the PTAI has a stronger association whilst showing more use of public transport in areas with higher values of the PTAI.

Optimizing private and public mode of operation in major ports of India for better customer service

PurposeThe Government of India announced its liberalization policy in the year 1991. Since then, the major ports in India introduced privatization in various forms into their operations. However, the share of total traffic (cargo) handled by major ports fell from 90 per cent in 1991 to around 70 per cent in 2015, losing share to minor ports. These major ports, except for the port of Kamarajar, are governed by the Major Port Trust Act, 1961. None of the Indian ports feature amongst the top 20 ports of the world. Interestingly, several ports in Asia, namely, seven ports from China, Singapore, Hong Kong and Malaysia are on that list. Several studies and reports have shown that privatization in India did not yield the desired results. Ports in India have adopted a hybrid mode of governance, aligned between a landlord port model and a service port model. This paper aims to address the question – What is the optimal way to mix privatisation and government control in the operations of major ports of India.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors attempt to develop an optimization model for port planners to decide on the optimum mix of privatized and self-managed operations so as to maintain efficiency and maximize revenue.FindingsThe model tested on a major port in the country shows that the present privatization policy followed by the port needs revision. A similar plan to revise their policies can be carried out for other major ports in the country.Originality/valueThe model is generic and can be used by any port in the world operating under conditions similar to those in India.

Demand estimation of bus as a public transport based on gravity model

Bus as a public transport is a suitable service to meet the travel demand between any two zones. Baghdad faced with severe traffic problems along with the development in city size and economy. Passengers have to wait lots of time during commutation to work because of the serious traffic jams. In the last years, rate of car ownership has increased as income levels have gone up and cars have become a preferable mode of transport. Bus, as the only public mode of transport available, is suffering from inconvenience, slowness, and inflexibility. A big emphasis must be given to the public transport system because it introduces an active utilization of limited resources, energy and land. This study determines the demand of public routes for buses using boarding / alighting values to generate a model and assign these demand values to the bus network. Five public routes were selected to collect the required data. Ride check and Point check survey was conducted for each selected route. The results of this study were public demand assigned to the selected bus routes, dwell time, load factor and headway. It is observed that R1 and R3 have the heaviest travel demand; they need special study to improve bus performance and make better transit. The model developed with only limited data available to predict travel demand will assist transportation planners and related agencies in decision making.

Gospodarka komunalna — samodzielność gospodarcza jednostek samorządu terytorialnego a interes publiczny

Municipal economy — economic self-dependence of territorial local government and question of the public interestThe article is devoted to the problem of economic activity of territorial local government municipal economy. Important question is related to the idea called “municipal economy”. It means realiza­tion of “own tasks” by territorial local government. It is also necessary to indicate that in a sphere of economic activity of territorial local government there are two legal dimensions. First of these is an activity connected with the “public utility”. This question means that territorial local government has to supply general needs of all people who live in aparticular part of Poland. Second is linked with activity, which aim is to gain financial profits. The author also especially draws attention to the problem of process of public tasks privatisation. This phenomenon often appears nowadays. It con­sists of atransfer of public tasks from state or territorial local government to private organizations. Another way of mentioned privatisation is only connected with achange of method of realization public tasks but not akind of organization. In that situation state or territorial local government resigns from the public mode of making foregoing tasks and does it in aprivate way, which is relat­ed especially with payments. It is necessary to indicate influence of the public interest on a sphere of economic self-dependence of territorial local government in following dimensions: legal forms of undertaking of economic activity by territorial local government, continuity of economic activity of territorial local government, legal possibility of undertaking economic activity by territorial local government in mentioned above two legal dimensions and — last but not least — the transfer of public tasks from territorial local government to private organizations.

GOVERNMENT REGIME AND POLITICAL REGIME: ARE SYNONIMOUS OR NOT?

By this time in the domestic literature on theory of law and constitutional law were discrepancies in the definition of "political regime", "national treatment", "public-political regime." Getting to the analysis of this issue, it should be borne in mind that the concept of "political regime" first appeared in the theory of law and, with few exceptions, are still dominated by specialists in scientific works in the area of knowledge. The concept of "public mode" generated mainly by scientists-constitutionalists and can more accurately reflect the events specified industry research. On the basis of analysis of scientific literature, law, legislation and legal practice shows the causes of the current situation, as well as the developed author´s position about the features and the differences of state and political regimes, suggests possible areas of their application in Russia and in foreign countries.