Coexisting multi-states in catalytic hydrogen oxidation on rhodium

Catalytic hydrogen oxidation on a polycrystalline rhodium foil used as a surface structure library is studied by scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) in the 10−6 mbar pressure range, yielding spatially resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Here we report an observation of a previously unknown coexistence of four different states on adjacent differently oriented domains of the same Rh sample at the exactly same conditions. A catalytically active steady state, a catalytically inactive steady state and multifrequential oscillating states are simultaneously observed. Our results thus demonstrate the general possibility of multi-states in a catalytic reaction. This highly unusual behaviour is explained on the basis of peculiarities of the formation and depletion of subsurface oxygen on differently structured Rh surfaces. The experimental findings are supported by mean-field micro-kinetic modelling. The present observations raise the interdisciplinary question of how self-organising dynamic processes in a heterogeneous system are influenced by the permeability of the borders confining the adjacent regions.

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 5 grudnia 2018 r. (V KK 508/17, OSNK 2019, nr 2, poz. 10)

<p>In the case of illegal deprivation of liberty (Article 189 of the Penal Code) locomotive freedom (i.e. freedom to change the place of residence according to a person’s will) is the protected value. Both the actual and potential will of an individual in that respect is protected. The objective state of general possibility to execute the will’s activity is crucial for the being of the offence of illegal deprivation of liberty, while the victim’s awareness of that state is of secondary importance. Any person can be the object of the <em>actus reus</em> as long as he or she is capable of formulating a wish connected with the change of the place of residence and has the natural ability to leave the place he or she has been so far occupying, even if it is with the help of technical means (e.g. a wheelchair) or other persons. Whether the person who could activate the natural will to move, has actually such a will, is irrelevant (from the point of view of fulfilling the statutory features of the offence of deprivation of liberty). One should agree with the opinion presented by the Supreme Court in the commented verdict, according to which the statutory features of the offence from Article 189 of the Penal Code are not fulfilled by the deprivation of the liberty of movement of a person which is executed as a result of his or her own free will decision.</p>

On the Project of Phenomenological Religion of G.G. Shpet and N.I. Zhinkin

This paper is aimed to reconstruct the project of phenomenological psychology of Russian phenomenologist G.G. Shpet and a psychologist and his disciple N.I. Zhinkin. The research shows the continuity of their investigations in the aspect of inner voice’s mechanisms and points out the possibility of integration of both phenomenological and psychological discourses from their works as the methodological project that is called “phenomenological psychology” by this paper’s authors. The research uncovers the reasons of phenomenological psychology’s origin as Shpet’s creative project. These reasons are rooted in Shpet’s will to investigate phenomena of religious consciousness using inside the phenomenological discourse, that is stated in his correspondence with E. Husserl. The main papers that are used for the synthesis are the mentioned Shpet’s correspondence and Zhinkin’s “On Transition Coded in Inner Voice”. The second one explains the tenets of inner voice’s functionality as the language of thinking, personal consciousness. The general workability of Shet’s and Zhinkin’s method for analysis of religious consciousness is demonstrated on the example Ignatius’ of Loyala “Spiritual Diary” that isn’t only the example of religious consciousness, but also is the specific method of religious comprehension. The general possibility of complex conclusions’ statements about “Spiritual Diary” problem is linked to the understanding of someone else’s consciousness as a possible object of phenomenological intuition and analysis inside Shpet’s concept of phenomenology. The inner consistency of Shpet’s and Zhinkin’s synthetic method gives us a chance to state it as the possible ideological framework for future interdisciplinary investigations of religious consciousness.

A commonsense assessment of Arrow’s theorem

The usual, pessimistic interpretation of Arrow’s General Possibility Theorem (often “Impossibility” in textbooks) is excessive. The impossibility defined by Arrow occurs only in presence of a tie or of a cycle. These cases are rare or very rare, and their presence may be assessed ex post. If they occur it is necessary to resort to a second-best rule, but this two-stage procedure does not induce strategic behavior, nor impeaches the use of the Condorcet rule (in observance of the axioms) in all the others. The paper conclusions sustain that implementation of modern management systems to government’s public institutions should deal with a different behavior used to know at companies. In this respect, the paper high-lights different aspects between companies and public institutions behavior admitting similarities on organizational structure and internal procedures.

Identifying with Dexter

Many contemporary high quality TV series tend to enable identification with protagonists who engage in morally dubious or outright abject acts. This essay takes Showtime’s series Dexter as a pre-eminent and extreme example of this tendency, and explores how the viewer’s identification with the serial-killing protagonist of the show is constructed and altered throughout several seasons of the series. In order to analyze the specific relation between Dexter and its audience, this essay first examines the more general possibility television series to produce firm identification of viewers with protagonists by comparing the format of the television series to two media that can be understood as its predecessors: literature and film.

Synthesis and properties of new biotin compounds containing hexyltriethylene glycol chain

The synthesis of a new halogenide containing hexyltriethylene glycol chain functionalized with biotin is reported. The general possibility of this linker to use as the building block for biotinylated compounds syntheses is demonstrated. Two biotinylated esters with different properties for useful surface modification and as fluorescence probes for proteins marking were synthesized. The properties of mentioned compounds were investigated by using surface plazmon resonance ellypsometry and fluorescence spectroscopy.

From Vancouver to Vladivostok: Crossroads of Security Common Space

For more than 20 years the idea of building a common security space from Vancouver to Vladivostok remains to be admitted by the former Cold War adversaries as the main political guideline. However, there is still no unanimity concerning even a general possibility to form a community of Euro-Atlantic security, not to mention the road maps of the multilateral movement from Vancouver to Vladivostok. The article analyzes the nature of the ongoing changes in the modern security system, as well as the transformation processes taking place in the world that affect the system of its security.