Ichthyofauna of some reservoirs of local significance in Aksu district, Pavlodar region

In 2020, research works were carried out on seven reservoirs of local significance in Aksu district, Pavlodar region. These are Lake Komendant, Lake Krasnoe, Lake Lesnoe, Lake Topalevoe, Lake Kara Murza, Lake Baltazhar and the Karasu Channel. In these reservoirs, the ichthyological composition was studied, such fish species as pike (Esox lucius L., 1758), silver carp (C. gibelio (Bloch, 1782)), golden carp (Carassius carassius (L., 1758)), rotan (Perccottus glenii Dybowski), tench (Tinca tinca (L., 1758)), perch (Perca fluviatilis L. ,1758), roach (Rutilus rutilus (L., 1758)), carp (Cyprinus carpio L.,1758), and bream (Abramis brama (L., 1758)). The species of fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as rare or endangered, are not marked in the research catches of the studied reservoirs.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF ACID AND PEPSIN SOLUBLE COLLAGENS FROM THE SCALES OF GOLDEN CARP (PROBARBUS JULLIENI)

Acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) were isolated from the scales of golden carp (Probarbus jullieni). Both ASC and PSC, identified as type I collagen, contained α- and β-chains as the dominant constituents. ASC and PSC had the yields of 0.42 and 1.16 g 100 g‒1 (dry weight basis), respectively. Amino acid composition revealed that glycine constituted 1/3 of total amino acid residues and no cysteine was found. ASC and PSC had imino acid contents of 197 and 202 residues/1000 residues, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated high integrity of the triple helical structure of both collagens. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ASC and PSC had Tmax of 37.67 and 37.83 °C, respectively. Both collagens exhibited high solubility in acidic pH range (1‒3) and the decrease in solubility was found in the presence of NaCl at concentrations above 30 g L‒1. The overall results demonstrated that scales of golden carp could serve as another source of collagen.

KEMELUT TEOLOGIS: ANTARA KATOLIKISME, MISTISISME DAN PAGANISME DALAM BLESS ME, ULTIMA

Novelists aspire to universal truths, and assert that people are basically the same in all places and all times. Novelists ultimately look within themselves to find their words and ideas then explore the subjective realm of the self that, though molded by the social and cultural pressures of their own place and time, acquires suppleness through immersion in a deep literary tradition. This research is the analysis of a novel, Bless Me, Ultima, written by Rudolfo Anaya. The protagonist in this novel is Antonio, a six-year old boy who has theological confusion. His mother is very religious, quiet and patient; while his environment is full of violence, murder, and injustice. Some of his friends are non-believers and Ultima, a mystical, old woman has a great influence on him. He regards her as a wise person who can give him secure and peaceful feeling. In his way to be grown up and mature, he is asking the existence of God to answer his questions about unpleasant things and the mystery of life. When he thinks God never answers his questions, he turns to paganism – following his friends to worship the golden carp. A tragedy happens to one of the pagans, then he turns to mysticism where he can get peace and secure feeling, though he still calls the name of God. The method of the research used is hermeneutics – the method of interpretation of the literary texts; the approaches used in this research are literature and philosophy.