THE INVESTIGATION OF “DİĞENİS AND AZRAIL” AND “DUHA KOCA OĞLU DELİ DUMRUL” IN CONTEXT OF INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION

Epics are the oldest products in the world. They are passed down from generation to generation. They allow us to detect cultural exchanges. In the study, the works of "Digenis and Azrael" and "Duha Kocaoğlu Deli Dumrul" were compared. The work focused on common cultural elements. Anonymous epic called "Digenis and Azrael" was translated from Dimotiki Greek into Turkish. Both works were analyzed in a holistic way with content analysis method. There are religious elements in both works. Belief in the existence and oneness of God is emphasized. In both works, the protagonists are famous for their beatings. They both fought with the Azrael who came to take their lives. In the end, they accepted God's will and accepted death. In both works, there is a grandfather who is defined as a wise person and he comments on the hero. The differences in the works are as follows: Azrâil wants to take Digenis' life because the time has come. He wants to take Deli Dumrul's life because he is suspicious of God's unity and power. Azrâil, who is a strong character in Deli Dumrul, bows to the power of Digenis in Digenis. Deli Dumrul's mother does not want to give her life for her son. Azrael's mother advises Azrael not to take anyone's life. In both works, the inability to accept death in the universal human thought and the desire to change the result are handled.

Memahami Efesus 5:1-21 dalam Upaya Hidup Berpadanan dengan Panggilan Orang Percaya di tengah "Serigala"

Kesadaran akan identitas sebagai orang Kristen harus dipertahankan sebab setiap orang percaya mendapat tantangan untuk mengabdi dan hidup dalam ketaatan kepada Allah. Pola hidup orang percaya juga berkaitan dengan posisi. Sebagaimana banyak orang percaya lupa akan identitas dirinya sebagai pembawa terang dan anak-anak Allah. Melalui kualitatif deskriptif dapat menemukan kajian biblikal tentang pola hidup yang berpadan dengan posisi orang percaya sebagai tujuan dari penulisan ini yang mana dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Posisi sebagai anak kekasih yang diaplikasikan berjalan dalam kecintaan kepada ilahi atau berjalan dalam pengabdian kepada Allah secara terus-menerus. Kedua posisi sebagai orang kudus berarti tidak bisa disesatkan karena tidak bergaul atau berkawan untuk mengabdosi pangajaran sesat. Selanjutnya posisi sebagai anak terang dimana orang percaya berjalan dalam kehendak Tuhan sehinga orang percaya semakin mencintai Tuhan dan berdampak bagi sesama. Lalu posisi sebagai orang arif memiliki makna harus memperhatikan karakter hidup yang berjalan dengan kebenaran Tuhan. Posisi tersebut harusnya melekat kepada Orang percaya sebagai pertanggungjawaban hidup yang berpadan dengan posisi. Abstract: The awareness of identity as a Christian must be maintained because every believer is challenged to serve and live in obedience to God. The lifestyle of the believer also has to do with position. As many believers forget their identity as a light bearer and children of God. Through descriptive qualitative one can find a biblical study of life patterns that are compatible with the position of believers as the purpose of this writing which can be concluded as follows: The position as a lover's child that is applied runs in love to the divine or walks in continuous devotion to Allah. The second position as a saint means that he cannot be misled by not associating or making friends to abstain from heretical teachings. Furthermore, the position of being a child of light is where believers walk in God's will so that believers love God more and have an impact on others. Then the position as a wise person has the meaning of having to pay attention to the character of life that runs with God's truth. This position should be attached to the Believer as a life accountability that matches the position

KEBIJAKSANAAN SEBAGAI KARUNIA ROH KUDUS: MAKNA DAN BUAHNYA BAGI HIDUP SEORANG KRISTIANI

In the Scriptures it says 'Fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, but fools insult wisdom and discipline' (Proverbs 1: 7). People who live a good spiritual life will always be blessed with God's spirit of wisdom. Wisdom, which is one of the gifts of the Spirit, which is narrated in the Old and New Testaments, was always believed by Christians from the beginning even experienced by the Apostles at Pentecost as described in Acts. Indeed there is no human who deserves to claim himself as a wise person. But humans deserve the wisdom to produce good fruits in their social life especially in this context, their meaning and fruit for a Christian for himself and for the environment. Through the descriptive method of the text, the author tries to explore further, how the meaning and fruit for a Christian when his life is always shaded by the gift of the Holy Spirit. === Dalam Kitab Suci dikatakan 'Takut akan Tuhan adalah awal kebijaksanaan, tetapi orang bodoh menghina hikmat dan didikan' (Amsal 1:7). Orang yang menjalankan hidup rohani yang baik akan selalu dikaruniai roh kebijaksanaan oleh Tuhan. Kebijaksanaan yang adalah salah satu karunia Roh, yang dinarasikan dalam Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru, senantiasa diimani oleh orang Kristen sejak awal bahkan dialami oleh Para Rasul pada saat Pentakosta sebagaimana dilukiskan dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Memang tidak ada manusia yang layak mengklaim diri sebagai orang bijaksana. Tetapi manusia layak mendambakan kebijaksanaan untuk menghasilkan buah-buah yang baik dalam kehidupan sosialnya terutama dalam konteks ini, makna dan buahnya bagi seorang Kristiani bagi dirinya dan bagi lingkungan. Melalui metode deskriptif teks, penulis mencoba menelusuri lebih jauh, bagaimana makna dan buah bagi seorang Kristiani ketika hidupnya selalu dinaungi oleh karunia Roh Kudus.

Explaining the Quiddity of Prophet Khidr (PBUH) with the Focus on Interpretive Analysis of Verses 60 to 82 of Surah Al-Kahf and Removing Doubts About It

The story of the meeting of Prophet Moses with Prophet Khidr is mentioned in verses 60 to 82 of Surah al-Kahf. The latter is introduced as Khidr in the narrations and in the following years he also met with the Imams, on the basis of which his long life has been discussed. This story has many ambiguities and doubts. How the Prophet Moses, as the 'Ulu al-ʿAzm Prophet, followed that person and the deeds done by the wise person, which is not accepted in any divine law, and this has left much discussions for the commentators. The cause of this endless life is not well known. Most commentators have gone into the confusing details of the story and tried to resolve it. They have considered Moses' obedience to Khidr outside the legislative system and due to the evolution of Khidr's actions, they have considered a different personality for him that has no similar texts anywhere and attributed the long life of this personality to drinking the Fountain of Youth. These questionable justifications led to the study of the essence of the problem and the identification of the nature of Khidr’s personality from different angles. According to the interpretation of the Qur'an by the Qur'an, we have examined the various dimensions of the story in order to gain a Qur'anic knowledge of this character. At first glance, this story does not have the same in other verses, but in many similarities in the identity, duties and deeds of Khidr with the angels, the possibility has been stronger that Khidr has been an angel. Introducing Prophet Khidr not as a human being but as an angel including the divine messenger angels can answer all questions and doubts accurately and without any conflict and opposition with the Qur'an and religious principles and Shiism.

HAPPINESS A QURANIC PERSPECTIVE

In this study, we will study the concept of happiness, a view of happiness from the point of view of famous psychologists and philosophers, and combining Islamic thought with philosophy. This study is a basic research the different debates on the concept of happiness in the Quran. And we discuss in this article tools of happiness in life. Happiness in the hereafter, or everlasting felicity, is the ultimate goal of the believer. Although happiness is a very relative concept, it is generally the feeling that occurs when people are satisfied with the material and spiritual states, they are in. The greatest blessing bestowed upon mankind is within us and within our reach. A wise person knows how to be happy with what he has no matter what, rather than wishing what he does not have. It is a state of coinciding with what happens and what they want. All normal people desire happiness and want their happiness to be permanent. Anyone who sees that this world cannot satisfy their desire for happiness understands that this desire cannot be satisfied without God. Sometimes even love and compassion can make one feel happy. The research dealt with the names of the happiness in the Quran with their semantic aspects, then we restricted these names, and these were placed alphabetically in the letters that indicate how many times they appeared in the Quran. Later it was divided into semantic groups and analyzed within these groups, this analysis focuses on the presentation of the lexical concept and semantic content for each. In fact, the subject was also discussed within the rational framework. happiness does have a pretty important role in our lives, and it can have a huge impact on the way we live our lives. The first part of the present study focuses on how ethics philosophers explain an interpret happiness and whether it is possible to reach real happiness. In the second part, the virtues that ethics philosophers view as the fundamental elements in attaining happiness. Also, this section examines the definition of virtue, virtue types, sub-virtues, and the characteristics of virtuous acts. Consequently, this study disclosed that ancient and medieaval philosophers regarded the pursuit of happiness as a fundamental goal in one‟s life, and that these philosophers agreed that this goal could be accomplished by leading a virtuous life ‎. Keywords: Quran, Translation of The Qur’an, Sura index, Happiness, Platon, ibn Sina, Al-Farab

Expert Impressions in Stoicism

We focus on the question of how expertise as conceived by the Stoics interacts with the content of impressions. In Section 1, we situate the evidence concerning expert perception within the Stoic account of cognitive development. In Section 2, we argue that the content of rational impressions, and notably of expert impressions, is not exhausted by the relevant propositions. In Section 3, we argue that expert impressions are a subtype of kataleptic impressions which achieve their level of clarity and distinctness due to the contribution of expertise. In Section 4, we argue that the expertise in living well not only allows the wise person to assent correctly but also affects the content of her impressions. We suggest that these two models – one’s attitude toward an impression being informed by expertise, and one’s impressions being affected by expertise – might characterize distinct stages of cognitive development. Stoic wisdom is not only a matter of the way one assents to one’s impressions but also a matter of the condition of one’s soul and, consequently, of the kinds of impressions one even entertains. Expertise offers a model of how cognitive and discriminatory improvement through practice and effort can transform the non-wise into the wise. A reading on which the content of impressions is not exclusively propositional illuminates a further aspect of this transformation. If the same propositions are accessible through impressions with different non-propositional content, we can account for cases in which the novice and the expert entertain the same proposition.

The Significance of the Hero’s Journey in Siddhartha’s Character Development as Seen in Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha

This paper discusses the character development of Siddhartha, the main character in Herman Hesse’s novel, Siddhartha (1973). This research aims to study how Siddhartha’s character develops during his journey to reach enlightenment. The analysis is conducted by using the theory of the hero's journey by Joseph Campbell. The result shows that Siddhartha’s journey follows twelve out of seventeen stages of the hero’s journey proposed by Campbell. All of the stages appear in the same order except the stage Belly of The Whale that comes late. It functions as a turning point rather than a preparation for a greater ordeal. The analysis also shows that Siddhartha undergoes two major changes; from an individualistic to a wise person and from someone who is always persistent and thirsty for knowledge to someone who is flexible.

The Significance of The Hero’s Journey in Siddhartha’s Character Development as Seen in Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha

This paper discusses the character development of Siddhartha, the main character in Herman Hesse’s novel, Siddhartha (1973). This research aims to study how Siddhartha’s character develops during his journey to reach enlightenment. The analysis is conducted by using the theory of the hero's journey by Joseph Campbell. The result shows that Siddhartha’s journey follows twelve out of seventeen stages of the hero’s journey proposed by Campbell. All of the stages appear in the same order except the stage Belly of The Whale that comes late. It functions as a turning point rather than a preparation for a greater ordeal. The analysis also shows that Siddhartha undergoes two major changes; from an individualistic to a wise person and from someone who is always persistent and thirsty for knowledge to someone who is flexible.

Denique Onirocrites, sic erit Hippocrates:Dreams as a Diagnostic Tool in Early Modern British Medicine

On 7 July 1663, a young Edward Browne, who later will become a famous ethnographer and court physician, presented his two theses for a baccalaureate degree at Cambridge University. The title of the first thesis was entitled Judicium de somniis est medico utile (A Determination [of Illness] Based on Dreams Is Useful for the Physician). In a long series of Latin elegiac couplets infused with language and imagery drawn from classical Roman poets like Virgil, Ovid, and Persius, Browne argues that the contents of a dream directly relate to the conditions of a patient’s humors and that a wise person can diagnose the current state of an ailment on the basis of the dream’s imagery. Browne relies on three main classical and Hellenistic Greek sources: Aristotle’s works on dreams, Hippocrates’ Regimen 4 (On Dreams), and Galen’s On Diagnosis from Dreams. In this paper I discuss how Browne’s theories derive from these ancient sources, especially Galen’s text, which had appeared only two centuries earlier in the West in a Latin translation. More importantly I demonstrate how Browne’s views were consistent with current medical theory prevalent throughout England and across Europe among physicians, philosophers, and laypeople. Keywords: dreams, medicine in England, Galen, Edward Browne, Cambridge University, Artemidorus