Decomposition of BPS moduli spaces and asymptotics of supersymmetric partition functions

We present a prototype for Wilsonian analysis of asymptotics of supersymmetric partition functions of non-abelian gauge theories. Localization allows expressing such partition functions as an integral over a BPS moduli space. When the limit of interest introduces a scale hierarchy in the problem, asymptotics of the partition function is obtained in the Wilsonian approach by i) decomposing (in some suitable scheme) the BPS moduli space into various patches according to the set of light fields (lighter than the scheme dependent cut-off Λ) they support, ii) localizing the partition function of the effective field theory on each patch (with cut-offs set by the scheme), and iii) summing up the contributions of all patches to obtain the final asymptotic result (which is scheme-independent and accurate as Λ → ∞). Our prototype concerns the Cardy-like asymptotics of the 4d superconformal index, which has been of interest recently for its application to black hole microstate counting in AdS5/CFT4. As a byproduct of our analysis we obtain the most general asymptotic expression for the index of gauge theories in the Cardy-like limit, encompassing and extending all previous results.

Communication pathways bridge local and global conformations in an IgG4 antibody

The affinity of an antibody for its antigen is primarily determined by the specific sequence and structural arrangement of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). Recent evidence, however, points toward a nontrivial relation between the CDR and distal sites: variations in the binding strengths have been observed upon mutating residues separated from the paratope by several nanometers, thus suggesting the existence of a communication network within antibodies, whose extension and relevance might be deeper than insofar expected. In this work, we test this hypothesis by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the IgG4 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab, an approved drug that targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The molecule is simulated in both the apo and holo states, totalling 4 μs of MD trajectory. The analysis of these simulations shows that the bound antibody explores a restricted range of conformations with respect to the apo one, and that the global conformation of the molecule correlates with that of the CDR. These results support the hypothesis that pembrolizumab featues a multi-scale hierarchy of intertwined global and local conformational changes. The analysis pipeline developed in this work is general, and it can help shed further light on the mechanistic aspects of antibody function.

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Urban Landscape in the Central Plains under the Influence of Multiscale and Multilevel Morphological Geomorphology

This paper presents an in-depth analysis and research on the spatial distribution pattern of the urban landscape in the Central Plains digital landscape form and proposes an optimization scheme. Based on the basic theories of systematics and complexity, this paper analyzes the self-similar characteristics of urban morphology, establishes the concept of schema, and constructs a multiscale and multilevel morphological map research framework by drawing on the “planar pattern” morphological analysis method of the school and the “matrix, patch, and corridor” spatial expression model of landscape ecology. The framework of morphological map research at multiple scales has been established, and the theory and method of describing, understanding, judging, and analyzing morphological evolution have been formed. Cities have self-similarity at different scales, and urban evolution is a process of recursion from small-scale hierarchy to large-scale hierarchy, and hierarchy is a phenomenon presented by the natural evolution of cities. After any morphological process is completed, it can only be transformed into the other two ways, so the static morphological description can be transformed into dynamic morphological process analysis.

Кинетика роста зародыша из нанофазы

We present a theoretical analysis of the growth kinetics of a nucleus from a nano-sized mother phase with a restricted amount of material in the presence of the stopping effect due to the depletion of supersaturation. Such a regime is typical for GaAs nanowires grown by the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism from a Ga droplet and is observed by in situ growth monitoring inside a transmission electron microscope. An analytical solution is obtained for the time-dependent size of the nucleus and atomic concentration in a nano-phase. A principally new time-scale hierarchy is found, whereby the entire growth process id divided into 3 stages – (1) fast nucleus growth to the stopping size, (2) slow nucleus growth at the rate of refill of a mother phase, and (3) further refill of a mother phase to resume the initial supersaturation. A general criterion is formulated for observing the stopping effect depending on the size of a nano-phase.

Helgener over det hele: Polymorf middelalderkristendom i Vor Frue Kirke, Skive

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Drawing on iconographic material in the form of a decora-tion of church frescoes from the year 1522 in the medieval parish church Vor Frue Kirke in Skive this article examines the Christian cult and mythology of saints in the Late Middle Ages as an expression of a polytheistic, systematizing world view. Tak-ing a theoretical departure point in Robert Bellah’s theory of religious evolution con-cerning archaic and axial forms of religion and within the medieval Christian world view the article performs an analysis of the catalogue of saints in Skive to determine which functions each saint seem to occupy in a pantheon and to uncover a grand scale hierarchy of the decoration as a whole. As a last thing the catalogue of saints is put further into the big comparative perspective within Bellah’s theoretical framework by a comparison to the ancient Mesopotamian kudurru of the Babylonian king Melishipak 2. as a typical archaic and analogistic system of gods. DANSK RESUMÉ: Med eksempel i ikonografisk materiale i form af en udsmykning af kalkmalerier fra år 1522 i den middelalderlige sognekirke Vor Frue Kirke i Skive bliver den senmiddelalderlige kristne helgenkult og -mytologi i denne artikel under-søgt som udtryk for en polyteistisk, systematiserende verdensopfattelse. Med teoretisk udgangspunkt i Robert Bellahs religionsevolutionære teori om arkaiske og aksiale religionsformer og i det middelalderkristne verdenssyn gives en analyse af helgenka-taloget i Skive med henblik på at kortlægge, hvilke funktioner hver helgen udfylder i et panteon, og at afdække en overordnet hierarkisering af udsmykningen. Afslut-ningsvis sættes helgenkataloget yderligere ind i et større komparativt perspektiv via en sammenligning med den babylonske kong Melishipak 2.’s kudurru som et typisk arkaisk-analogistisk system af guder.

The Growth of US Top Income Inequality: A Hierarchical Redistribution Hypothesis

What accounts for the growth of US top income inequality? This paper proposes a hierarchical redistribution hypothesis. The idea is that US firms have systematically redistributed income to the top of the corporate hierarchy. I test this hypothesis using a large-scale hierarchy model of the US private sector. My method is to vary the rate that income scales with hierarchical rank within modeled firms. I find that this model is able to reproduce four intercorrelated US trends: (1) the growth of the top 1% income share; (2) the growth of the CEO pay ratio; (3) the growth of the dividends share of national income; and (4) the ‘fattening’ of the entire income distribution tail. This result supports the hierarchical redistribution hypothesis. It is also consistent with the available empirical evidence on within-firm income redistribution.