Performace Bond:Seguro Garantia Nos Contratos Com Administração Pública E A Anticorrupção No Pensamento De Modesto Carvalhosa

O presente trabalho versa sobre o regime jurídico de aplicação do artigo 55 inciso VI e do artigo 56, inciso II da Lei Federal 8.666/93, obrigando a utilização do seguro-garantia de execução de contratos públicos de obras e de fornecimento de bens ou de serviços, denominando “Seguro Anticorrupção”, enfrentando a problemática questão da corrupção tão discutida e debatida no país com os escândalos recentes, dentre os quais, o “Mensalão” e das operações da Polícia Federal na “Lava Jato”. No enfrentamento de trabalhos e inúmeros projetos de leis que defendem a expressividade dos valores desviados do erário como decorrentes de irregularidades em contratos públicos de obras e na execução de serviços, o jurista Modesto Carvalhosa, com vinte anos dedicados ao estudo da corrupção e considerado uma das maiores autoridades jurídicas no assunto, afirma, publicamente, que o modelo “Performance Bond”, praticado nos Estados Unidos, corresponde a solução para o fim da corrupção no Brasil.A presente proposta, através da metodologia dedutiva, bem como estudo de casos (indutiva) com ocorrido no Município de Sinop que conseguiu referendar a inserção no ordenamento jurídico local através de pesquisas sobre a solução da corrupção e sobre a obrigatoriedade do Seguro “Anti-corrupção” (Performace Bond) que resultaram no Projeto de Lei Municipal n. 39, de 12 de Abril de 2018 e que, hoje, encontra-se aprovado e sob efetiva vigência por meio da Lei Municipal n. 2670 2019 de Sinop MT.

Unsustainability Risk of Bid Bonds in Public Tenders

Public works contracts are commonly priced and awarded through a tender process. Each bidder joining the tender must underwrite a bid bond that guarantees their fitness as contractors in case of a win. The winning contractor also needs to underwrite a performance bond before entering the contract to protect the procuring entity against the performance risk arising during the execution phase. This study addresses the case when sureties refuse to issue the performance bond, despite having issued a bid bond to the same subject. A creditworthiness variation of the contractor during the tender or an excessive discount of the contract’s price may lead to this outcome. In that case, all the subjects involved are damaged. The surety who issued the bid bond has to indemnify the procuring entity. The contract award is nullified, which is financially harmful to both the contractor and the procuring entity. We show that sureties adopting a forward-looking risk appetite framework may prevent the demand for unsustainable performance bonds instead of addressing it by rejecting the bidders’ requests. The Solvency II regulatory framework, the Italian bidding law, and actual historical data available from the Italian construction sector are considered to specify a simplified model. The probability of unsustainable tender outcomes is numerically estimated by the model, together with the mitigating impact of a surety’s proper strategy.

Part I Legal and Practical Challenges to Traditional Trade Finance, 8 Injunctions to Restrain Payment on Independent Guarantees: ‘Unconscionability’ to Bolster the Fraud Exception

This chapter explores the grant of injunctions to restrain calls on independent guarantees based on the unconscionability exception to the autonomy principle. Using Singapore law as the primary basis for discussion, it explains the rationale and operation of the unconscionability exception and its relationship with the traditional fraud exception. This approach is compared with the UK approach, and brief reference is also made to the position in Australia and the USA. The chapter argues that the unconscionability exception is a justifiable policy response to address the potentially oppressive nature of performance bonds. If used sparingly and confined within narrow limits, this approach will promote integrity in the call on performance bonds without affecting the commercial usefulness of these instruments. The chapter also examines the situation where the underlying contract is affected by frustration or force majeure—a question which has become of greater prominence after the COVID-19 pandemic—and discusses whether the grant of an injunction to restrain payment on a performance bond in these circumstances can be supported based on the fraud or unconscionability exception or some other principle.

Impact of Procurement Methods and Procurement Requirements on Cost Over-run of Public Building Projects in Uganda

Cost over-run in building projects is endemic and routinely increases construction cost to as high as 52% of contract sums in Uganda. The consequence of this is underachievement of investment objectives due to additional costs to complete projects. This research investigated how procurement requirements and procurement methods combine to determine cost over-run of building projects. Procurement requirements of bid time, performance bond, insurance, workload and experience of contractors were investigated within contexts of procurement methods of open domestic bidding, restricted domestic bidding, open international bidding, restricted international bidding and requests for quotations. Purposive and snow-ball sampling were used in identifying construction professionals, consultants and contractors of building projects with cost over-runs. Correlation and independence of procurement requirements on 37 cost over-run datasets were analysed by Spearman's bivariate correlation co-efficient at 5% level of significance and variable inflationary factor of less than 5 respectively. Bid time and performance bond were found to reduce cost over-run of building projects most followed by workload and experience. Insurance increased cost over-run marginally. The novel contribution of this research is a model that explains 63% of cost over-run with 9% margin of error. Variants of the model, one for each procurement method is presented.

Financial Instruments Used in the Financing Construction Project in Nigeria

Financial instruments are one of the tools for increasing financing to fund construction projects. Stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry face challenges such as profitability, delays, funding problems and contractor’s insolvency. A thorough knowledge of the financial instruments is required while framing the project cash flows, and access to finance from any financial institutions requires the terms and conditions of a particular financial instrument. This study seeks to identify the financial instruments used in financing construction project in Nigeria with the view to creating awareness and as well provide in-depth understanding of the financial instruments that will aid ease the funding problem of construction projects. A qualitative research approach was adopted. A purposive sampling method was used to identify 10 commercial banks in Nigeria. Ten interviews were conducted to identify and gain understanding of the current financial instruments used in financing construction project in Nigeria. The content analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that “advance payment guarantee”, “bid bond”, “performance bond”, “retention bond”, “bank guarantee” and “syndication loan” were the current financial instruments used in financing construction project in Nigeria. The findings provide in-depth understanding of the identified financial instruments for financing construction project through a literature review. These financial instruments are essential for fund security in the construction industry.

Managers’ Conceptions and Their Effects on the Perception of Employees with Disabilities

The research aimed to identify managers’ conceptions of disability and the relationship that was established between these conceptions and their perception of the persons with disabilities (PWD) performance, bond, benefits of hiring, and training needs. 257 managers answered a questionnaire in order to identify conceptions of disability in organizations. Descriptive statistics, factorial analysis, and hierarchical analysis of grouping were performed while using IBM Statistic 20.0.0. The results show that managers who have the spiritual and the conception based on inclusion perceive the insertion of PWD as beneficial to the organization. Those who conceive disability as a question of normality perceive the PWD performance as inferior to those without disabilities, which implies that PWDs should be segregated; and, the managers who perceive disability as a social problem are likely to place PWDs in the workplace according to their potential. The results can be fruitfully used by managers, human resources’ professionals, academics, and the society to promote inclusion.

A relevância do seguro garantia nas compras públicas

O artigo visa contribuir para ampliar o entendimento sobre o papel do seguro garantia na contratação de obras públicas no Brasil, destacando a contribuição do performance bond no processo de gestão dessas contratações públicas. Com esse propósito, o artigo revisa a origem da securitização, discutindo a sua relevância e aplicabilidade no setor público. Para ilustrar as vantagens econômicas desse mecanismo, foram analisados 72 contratos de obras públicas no estado da Paraíba, que evidenciam a recorrência dos problemas derivados da aditivação, como o atraso das obras, observado em todos os casos da amostra, e o aumento do custo dos projetos de, em média, 15% do valor inicialmente orçado. Os resultados indicam que a adoção de mecanismos mais adequados de securitização pode trazer benefícios significativos ao processo de contratação de obras públicas no Brasil.