EDUKASI MANFAAT PIJAT BAYI, UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN PADA BAYI SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA TELAGAWARU LOMBOK BARAT

ABSTRAKPijat bayi merupakan upaya meningkatkan kesehatan pada bayi balita pada upaya promotif terutama pada masa pandemi covid19, Pijat merupakan terapi sentuh tertua dan terpopuler yang dikenal. Pijat bertujuan untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit dan mengembalikan tubuh menjadi segar kembali. Sentuhan pijat bayi akan merangsang produksi hormon betha endorprin yang akan membantu mekanisme pertumbuhan dan merangsang produksi hormon oksitosin dan menurunkan produksi hormon kortisol sehingga bayi dan balita menjadi rileks dan tenang sehingga perkembangannya akan lebih optimal. Selain itu pijat memiliki beberapa efek positif dalam hal penambahan berat badan, pola tidur yang lebih baik, peningkatan perkembangan neuromotorik, ikatan emosional yang lebih baik, penurunan tingkat infeksi nosokomial salah satunya common cold. Solusi permasalahan yang ditawarkan yaitu edukasi manfaat pijat bayi untuk meningkatkan kesehatan bayi selama masa pandemia Covid-19. Setelah diberikan edukasi tentang manfaat pijat bayi, ibu balita dibekali modul yang dapat dipelajari di rumah dapat mempraktikan pijat bayi di rumah. Jumlah responden yang mengikuti kegiatan ini sebanyak 11 ibu yang memiliki bayi. Hasil pengabdian didapatkan pengetahuan ibu meningkat tentang pijat bayi yaitu sebanyak 46%. Kata kunci: pijat bayi; balita; pandemi covid19 ABSTRACTBaby massage is an effort to improve the health of infants under five in promotive efforts, especially during the covid19 pandemic. Massage is the oldest and most popular touch therapy known. Massage aims to relieve pain and restore the body to be fresh again. The touch of a baby massage will stimulate the production of beta-endorphins which will help the growth mechanism and stimulate the production of the hormone oxytocin and reduce the production of the hormone cortisol so that babies and toddlers become relaxed and calm so that their development will be more optimal. In addition, massage has several positive effects in terms of weight gain, better sleep patterns, increased neuromotor development, better emotional bonds, decreased levels of nosocomial infections, one of which is the common cold. The solution to the problem offered is education on the benefits of baby massage to improve the baby's health during the Covid-19 pandemic. After being given education about the benefits of baby massage, mothers of toddlers are provided with modules that can be studied at home and can practice baby massage at home. The number of respondents who participated in this activity were 11 mothers who had babies. The results of the service showed that the mother's knowledge increased about infant massage as much as 46%. Keywords: baby massage ; toddlers; the covid pandemic 19

Vojta Therapy in Neuromotor Development of Pediatrics Patients with Periventricular Leukomalacia: Case Series

Background and Objectives: Vojta therapy is used by physiotherapists and is based on stimulation through peripheral pressure that leads to the activation of involuntary motor response patterns, thus triggering patterns of reflex locomotion, hence also called reflex locomotion therapy. Objective: To analyze the changes produced by Vojta therapy in the evolution of infant motor development in patients with maturational delay due to periventricular leukomalacia. Materials and methods: One session of Vojta Therapy per week for eleven months, patients’ neuromotor development was evaluated through the Denver II Test and the Baleys Scale. Results: A clinically significant increase in the development of the patients is observed. Conclusions: Neuromotor development seems to generate an adequate progression in the motor area.

Parental experience of the neuromotor development of children with congenital heart disease: an exploratory qualitative study

Background Children with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) are a group of children at risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. Motor development is the first domain to show a delay during the first year of life and may significantly contribute to parental concerns, stress, and difficulties in early child-parent attachment. Thus, the aim of the study was to better understand the wishes and concerns of parents of children with CHD and explore their experience of their children’s neuromotor development in the first year of life. Methods In this qualitative study, fourteen families were recruited. Their children were aged 1–3 years and had undergone open heart surgery within the first 6 months of life. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The data was explored within an expert group, and a qualitative content analysis was conducted using VERBI MAXQDA software 2020. The study was conducted in accordance with the COREQ checklist. Results Parents of children with CHD reported several burdens and needs. Parental burdens concerned the child’s motor development, their own physical and psychological strain, and difficulties in communication with healthcare professionals. The needs, parents reported included supporting their child’s motor development, a medical coordinator, and better communication between healthcare professionals and parents. During the first phase of their children’s illness, parents underwent a dynamic transitional phase and expressed the need to rely on themselves, to trust their children’s abilities, and to regain self-determination in order to strengthen their self-confidence. Conclusions It is essential to involve parents of children with CHD at an early stage of decision-making. Parents are experts in their children and appreciate medical information provided by healthcare professionals. Interprofessional teamwork, partnering with parents, and continuous support are crucial to providing the best possible care for children and their families. Family-centred early motor intervention for CHD children might counteract the effect of parental overprotection and improve children’s motor development and thus strengthen child-parent interaction. In future work, we aim to evaluate a family-centred early motor intervention for children with CHD developed on the basis of this qualitative study. Trial registration Not applicable.

Neurodevelopmental Profile in Children Affected by Ocular Albinism

Aim The aim of this study was to detail the neurodevelopmental profile of subjects affected by ocular albinism (OA) and to collect data on GPR143 gene analysis. Design The design of the study involves a retrospective longitudinal observational case series. Methods We collected data on the neurodevelopmental profile of 13 children affected by OA from clinical annual assessments conducted for a period of 6 years after the first evaluation. We described visual profile, neuromotor development and neurological examination, cognitive profile, communication and language skills and behavioral characteristics. The GPR143 gene analysis was performed as well. Results Children presented a variable combination of ocular and oculomotor disorders unchanged during the follow-up, a deficit in visual acuity and in contrast sensitivity that progressively improved. Abnormalities in pattern visual evoked potential were found. No deficits were detected at neurological examination and neuromotor development except for a mild impairment in hand-eye coordination observed in five cases. A language delay was observed in five cases, two of whom had also a developmental quotient delay at 2 years evolving to a borderline/deficit cognitive level at preschool age, difficulties in adaptive behavior and autistic-like features were found. Mutations in the GPR143 gene were identified in the two patients who presented the most severe clinical phenotype. Conclusion Children with OA may share, in addition to a variable combination of ocular signs and symptoms, a neurodevelopment impairment regarding mostly the cognitive, communicative, and social area, especially those with GPR143 mutation.

Neuroimaging in Children Born With Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Cohort Study

Background and Purpose: Neuroimaging findings have been associated with adverse neurologic outcomes in children with congenital Zika virus infection. Our purpose is to describe the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of children around 3 years of age, born with congenital Zika syndrome. Methods: This cohort study followed 62 children born with congenital Zika syndrome who had head computed tomography (CT) performed during the first months of life. All these children had clinical, neuroimaging, and serological confirmation of congenital Zika. Around 3 years of age, these children received a brain MRI. Results: In 35 children, we could perform an MRI. All these children had severe impairment in neuromotor development. In general, the examinations showed the same alterations of the CT examinations: delayed myelination (82.8%), intracranial calcification (71.4%) although with decreased intensity and size as compared with previously CT examinations, ventriculomegaly (91.4%), cerebellar hypoplasia (68.5%), and cortical development abnormalities (85.8%). Conclusion: The serious brain alterations observed through head CT examinations in children born with congenital Zika syndrome continued to be detected through an MRI examination carried out at around 3 years of age. This indicates a poor prognosis for these children who had a severe neuromotor development delay.

Effectiveness of pediatric integrative manual therapy in cervical movement limitation in infants with positional plagiocephaly: a randomized controlled trial

Background Positional plagiocephaly (PP) is a cranial deformation frequent amongst children and consisting in a flattened and asymmetrical head shape. PP is associated with excessive time in supine and with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Few studies have evaluated the efficiency of a manual therapy approach in PP. The purpose of this parallel randomized controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of adding a manual therapy approach to a caregiver education program focusing on active rotation range of motion (AROM) and neuromotor development in a PP pediatric sample. Methods Thirty-four children with PP and less than 28 week-old were randomly distributed into two groups. AROM and neuromotor development with Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were measured. The evaluation was performed by an examiner, blinded to the randomization of the subjects. A pediatric integrative manual therapy (PIMT) group received 10-sessions involving manual therapy and a caregiver education program. Manual therapy was addressed to the upper cervical spine to mobilize the occiput, atlas and axis. The caregiver educational program consisted in exercises to reduce the positional preference and to stimulate motor development. The control group received the caregiver education program exclusively. To compare intervention effectiveness across the groups, improvement indexes of AROM and AIMS were calculated using the difference of the final measurement values minus the baseline measurement values. If the distribution was normal, the improvement indexes were compared using the Student t-test for independent samples; if not, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The effect size of the interventions was calculated using Cohen’s d. Results All randomized subjects were analysed. After the intervention, the PIMT group showed a significantly higher increase in rotation (29.68 ± 18.41°) than the control group (6.13 ± 17.69°) (p = 0.001). Both groups improved the neuromotor development but no statistically significant differences were found. No harm was reported during the study. Conclusion The PIMT intervention program was more effective in increasing AROM than using only a caregiver education program. The study has been retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov, with identification number NCT03659032. Registration date: September 1, 2018.

Child Handling Cultural Practices For Neuromotor Development In Infants In A Cohort Of African Population: A Prospective Analytical Study

Despite the use of many cultural-handling practices to facilitate neuromotor development in African children, there is no documentation on their purpose and effectiveness.

Efficacy of Pediatric Integrative Manual Therapy In Cervical Movement Limitation In Infants With Positional Plagiocephaly: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Positional plagiocephaly (PP) is a cranial deformation frequent amongst children and consisting in a flattened and asymmetrical head shape. PP is associated with excessive time in supine and with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Few studies have evaluated the efficiency of a manual therapy approach in PP. The purpose of this parallel randomized controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of adding a manual therapy approach to a caregiver education program focusing on active rotation range of motion (AROM) and neuromotor development in a PP pediatric sample. Methods: 34 children with PP and less than 28 week old were randomly distributed into two groups. AROM and neuromotor development with Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were measured. The evaluation was performed by an examiner, blinded to the randomization of the subjects. A pediatric integrative manual therapy (PIMT) group received 10-sessions involving manual therapy and a caregiver education program. The control group received the caregiver education program exclusively. To compare intervention effectiveness across the groups, improvement indexes of AROM and AIMS were calculated using the difference of the final measurement values minus the baseline measurement values. If the distribution was normal, the improvement indexes were compared using the Student t-test for independent samples; if not, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The effect size of the interventions was calculated using Cohen's d. Results: All randomized subject were analysed. After the intervention, the PIMT group showed a significantly higher increase in rotation (29.68 ± 18.41º) than the control group (6.13 ± 17.69º) (p< 0.05). Both groups improved the neuromotor development but no statistical significant differences were found. No harm was reported during the study.Conclusion: The PIMT intervention program was more effective in increasing AROM than using only a caregiver education program.