Technology of modeling current and prospective roles and responsibilities of teaching staff for general education settings

Introduction. This study analyses how changing requirements for results and processes of general education determine new or updated roles and responsibilities of teachers in the context of building a qualification framework in the field of education. The purpose of the research is to develop and test a technology for modeling roles and responsibilities and corresponding professional qualifications of general education teachers determined by changing requirements of the labor market and employers. Materials and Methods. The study follows the process approach and methodology of structural and functional analysis of professional practice. The authors applied the following research methods: modeling, questionnaires, approbation, comparative analysis, generalization, classification, interpretation as well as methods of graphical representation of information in data processing and interpretation. In order to collect empirical data, the authors developed a questionnaire through modeling roles and responsibilities of teaching staff based on legislative materials as well as theoretical and practical evidence reflecting the requirements for processes and results of general education in the Russian Federation. Results. The article presents a technology for modeling prospective roles and responsibilities and corresponding professional qualifications of general education teachers developed and tested by the authors. The system of current roles and responsibilities of subject teachers, class teachers and academic counselors has been established. The authors developed a set of prospective roles and responsibilities for education practitioners, the institutionalization of which is required for an appropriate response of a general education setting to changing requirements for processes and results of its work. The study reveals how employers evaluate the importance of current roles and responsibilities of education practitioners and the demand for prospective ones. The authors summarize the ideas of employers about pursuing a career in the field of education. The study reveals an apparent discrepancy between the employers’ recognition of diversification of professional activities within educational settings and the stable professional and social stereotype of a ‘universal teacher’. The hypothesis about the hybridization of teachers’ roles and responsibilities as a basic way of developing the qualification framework in the field of education has been tested and confirmed. Conclusions. The efficiency of the developed technology for modeling prospective roles and responsibilities and corresponding professional qualifications of general education teachers in accordance with the changing requirements of the labor market has been proved.

RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF AUTO-AND HETEROSTEREOTYPES OF OSSETIANS

The article analyzes the concepts of "social stereotype" and" ethnic stereotype", which act as regulators in inter-group, and therefore in inter-ethnic and inter-ethnic relations. The article presents the structure of an ethnic stereotype, which is a generalization of ideas about the characteristics of certain ethno-cultural or ethnic groups, its types, and describes the main functions in the conditions of inter-group interaction. Empirically, auto - and heterostereotypes of Ossetians living in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania were identified using the questionnaire of N. M. Lebedeva. As a result of the research with 250 respondents in December 2019, the autostereotype of Ossetians, as well as heterostereotypes of representatives of the Russian, Ingush, Chechen, Georgian and Chinese ethnic groups were identified. Heterostereotypes of Ossetians include universal human qualities, reflect the perception of other ethnic groups by Ossetians from the position of tolerance, accompanied by a positive attitude to other ethnic groups with which they come into contact.

TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE PERM REGION’S ROUTES IN THE PERCEPTION OF YOUNG PEOPLE

This research investigates young people’s perception of tourist attractiveness of routes in the Perm region. The study of the youth’s preferences in the choice of tourist objects and events can help to work out recommendations for the development of routes in the region. Methodologically, the research is based on a complex interdisciplinary approach. The basic methods were questioning and observations in a tourist group during travelling on the territory of the Perm region. The study has shown that young people are interested not only in active but also in historical and cultural tours, in most cases showing particular interest in historical attractions, museums, architecture etc. Interactive technologies, amusement components of the tours are attractive to young people, who are especially impressed by master classes. However, the information component of the tours (for example, that provided by museums) is the most important. The study clearly shows that the social stereotype that young people are only interested in amusement is untrue. Thus, in most cases the importance of interactive methods is overestimated. Furthermore, the research demonstrates that young people generally perceive travelling in the Perm region in a positive way, highly estimating the tour programs, the tourist objects, the service and hospitality level, the quality of food and accommodation. The feedbacks of young people on the results of travelling are favorable. The majority of the respondents would recommend these tours to their friends. This investigation has a potential to be continued.

La estereotipia social de los adolescentes italianos durante la práctica deportiva (The social stereotype of Italian adolescents during sports practice)

El deporte es una de las actividades que más se realiza en el tiempo libre por los adolescentes, sin embargo los comportamientos estereotipados durante su práctica pueden influir en la actividad deportiva. El objetivo de esta investigación desarrollada en la ciudad de Bolonia (Italia), ha sido analizar los prejuicios y actitudes de los adolescentes que hacen deporte en su tiempo libre. Para ello, hemos aplicado el cuestionario “Sport e Integrazione sociale. Indagine sulle suole secundarie di secondo grado in Italia” (Caruso, G, et.al. 2018) a un grupo de adolescentes italianos (N=286) con edades comprendida entre los 12 y 15 años (M =12,72). Los resultados nos muestran diferencias significativas en sexo, discriminación y origen (r= .307) (Sig=.000). Género y discriminación hacia la mujer (r= .133) (Sig.=.25); género y aspecto físico (r= .182) (Sig.=.029) y, en mejorar tu aspecto físico (M=.416) (p=.012) frente a los hábitos de un grupo sedentario. En conclusión, todavía se confirman las imágenes estereotipadas a través del deporte respecto al género y al desarrollo de la actividad que se cuestionan continuamente. Abstract. One of the activities that teenagers practice more often is sport in their free time, having said that stereotypical behaviours during their practice can influence sports activity. The aim of the present study has been to look into the different perceptions that adolescents have about social, ethnic, sports and gender stereotypes about prejudices and attitudes during sports activity as an inclusive environment; using the “Sport e Integrazione sociale. Indagine sulle suole secundarie di secondo grado in Italia” (Caruso, G, et.al. 2018) instrument. This study has been carried out in Bologna (Italy), with participants (N = 286) between 12 and 15 years old (M= 12.72). The results show that there are differences in gender, discrimination and origin (r= .307) (Sig=.000); gender and discrimination towards women (r = .133) (Sig. =. 25); gender and physical appearance (r = .182) (Sig. =. 029); and improving your physical appearance (M= .416) (p = .012) versus the habits of a sedentary group. In conclusion, the stereotyped images through sport regarding gender and the development of the activity that are continually questioned are still confirmed.

How Language Contributes to Stereotype Formation: Combined Effects of Label Types and Negation Use in Behavior Descriptions

This article focuses on the role of language in social-stereotype formation through interpersonal communication. We conducted a between-subjects experiment ( N = 423), in which participants were exposed to differential remarks about (members of) an unknown social group. Remarks varied in two linguistic devices: (a) label type, by distinguishing between generic and specific labels and (b) behavior descriptions, by contrasting negations and affirmations in descriptions of competent (e.g., not stupid vs. smart) and incompetent behaviors (e.g., not smart vs. stupid). Generic (vs. specific) labels increased perceived entitativity (“groupness” of category members), stereotype content (perceived competence) and perceived essentialism of described behaviors. Compared with affirmations, only the communication pattern with negations in descriptions of competent behaviors (e.g., not stupid) decreased perceived competence of group members, and increased perceived essentialism of incompetent behavior. Label type and negations did not interact, suggesting that these linguistic devices play a distinct, parallel role in stereotype formation.

ИЛИМИЙ ИЗИЛДӨӨЛӨРДYН НЕГИЗИНДЕГИ СТЕРЕОТИПТЕРДИН ФУНКЦИЯЛАРЫ

Аннотация: Бул илимий макаланын негизги максаты – стереотиптердин тил илиминдеги жана лингвистикадагы негизги ролун, алардын негизги функцияларын бөлүп көрсөтүү, стереотип менен адатка айланган ынанычтын айырмасын аныктоо. Буга байланыштуу стереотип, этностереотип, мента- литет жана адатка айланган ынаныч сыяктуу түшүнүктөр дифференцияланды. Изилдөө процессинин жүрүшүндө стереотиптердин пайда болуу себептери такталып, аларды алып жүрүүчүлөр, ошондой эле этностереотиптердин булактары аныкталды. Окумуштуу-тилчилер изилдөөлөөрүндө стереотиптер аркылуу адам дүйнөнү чектөөсүз толугу менен таанып билерин баса белгилешти. Стереотиптердин функцияларын ар башка багыттардагы көптөгөн илимпоздор карашкан, өз изилдөө предметине жараша стереотиптердин бири-бирине кандайдыр бир байланышта болгон ар кандай функциялары белгиленип аныкталган. Макалада ар түрдүү мисалдардын негизинде стереотиптер эмоциялык боёкко, чындыкка жана негиздүүлүккө ээ экендиги көрсөтүлдү. Демек, этностереотиптердин негизги функциясы болуп элдин өзү тууралуу көз карашын коргоо, өз маданиятын жана өзүн өзү таанып билүү деңгээлин жогорулатуу эсептелет. Түйүндүү сөздөр: стереотип, коомдук стереотип, этномаданияттык стереотип, коом аралык баарлашуу. Аннотация: Целью данной статьи является выявление основной роли стереотипов в языкознании и лингвистике, выделение их основной функции, определение разницы между стереотипами и предрассудками. В связи с этим были дифференцированы такие понятия как стереотип, этностереотип, менталитет, предрассудки. В процессе проведенного исследования были установлены причины возникновения стереотипов, его носители, а также источники этностереотипов. Ученые-лингвисты в своих исследованиях подчеркивают, что благодаря стереотипам человек узнает мир полным без границ. Функции стереотипов рассматривались многими учеными разных направлений, и в зависимости от предмета исследований ими были выделены разные функции стереотипов, в какой-то мере перекликающихся между собой. В статье на основе примеров показано, что стереотипы обладают эмоциональной окрашенностью, истинностью и обоснованностью. Следовательно, главной функцией этнических стереотипов является защита представлений народа о самом себе, о своей культуре, и повышение уровня самосознания этноса. Ключевые слова: стереотип, социальный стереотип, этнокультурный стереотип, межкультурная коммуникация, предрассудки. Annotation: The purpose of this article is to identify the main role of stereotypes in linguistics and linguistics, highlight their main functions, determine the difference between stereotypes and prejudices. In this regard, concepts such as stereotype, ethnostereotype, mentality, and prejudice were differentiated. In the process of the study, the causes of stereotypes, its carriers, as well as the sources of ethnostereotypes were established. Scientists - linguists in their studies emphasize that thanks to stereotypes a person learns the world complete without borders. The functions of stereotypes were considered by many scientists of different directions, and depending on the subject of research, they identified different functions of stereotypes, to some extent overlapping with each other. Based on examples, the article shows that stereotypes have emotional coloring, truthfulness and validity. Consequently, the main function of ethnic stereotypes is to protect the people's perceptions of themselves, their culture, and increase the level of self-awareness of the ethnic group. Key words: stereotype, social stereotype, ethno cultural stereotype, cross-cultural communication, prejudices.

LINGUOSTYLISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING THE CONFLICT OF MATERIAL VALUES AND AUTHENTICITY IN THE NOVEL «ROOM AT THE TOP»BY JOHN BRAINE

The article analyzes the linguostylistic means of expressing the conflict of material values and the hero’s authenticity in the novel “Room at the Top” by John Braine. The concept “authenticity” represents the key component of this research and is treated as the real self of the hero, or his self-identity, which is not determined by any outer factors, such as the social context of one’s life. By means of linguistic analysis the authors show that Joe Lampton’s authenticity is ruined due to his utilitarian approach to life. The approach in question is expressed in the hero’s belief in his right for prosperity and his desire to break class divisions at any cost. The article studies the expressive means (repetition, metaphor, emotional vocabulary, volitional vocabulary, polysyndeton, etc.) the author of the novel uses to convey the idea of the conflict between the hero’s inner self, or his authenticity, and the social stereotype of “wealth is happiness”.

The Social Cost of Atheism: How Perceived Religiosity Influences Moral Appraisal

Social psychologists have found that stereotypes correlate with moral judgments about agents and actions. The most commonly studied stereotypes are race/ethnicity and gender. But atheists compose another stereotype, one with its own ignominious history in the Western world, and yet, one about which very little is known. This project endeavored to further our understanding of atheism as a social stereotype. Specifically, we tested whether people with non-religious commitments were stereotypically viewed as less moral than people with religious commitments. We found that participants’ (both Christian and atheist) moral appraisals of atheists were more negative than those of Christians who performed the same moral and immoral actions. They also reported immoral behavior as more (internally and externally) consistent for atheists, and moral behavior more consistent for Christians. The results contribute to research at the intersection of moral theory, moral psychology, and psychology of religion.