Analysis of bistable electromagnetic relays design features

This paper pays attention to a classification of bistable electromagnetic relays. The following signs of the classification of mentioned relays are emphasized, such as: design, type of contact fixation, relay contact diagram, type of current and value of the control voltage of the coil, the number of coils, nature of the load switched by the relay; the power consumed by the coil, and others. The undertaken classification systematizes information on the design, technical and functional features and parameters of such relays and demonstrates the current level of technical development of relays that are mentioned above. A conclusion is made concerning tendencies and directions of bistable electromagnetic relays capabilities developing in the future by the authors.

Colour and logarithmic accuracy in final-state parton showers

Standard dipole parton showers are known to yield incorrect subleading-colour contributions to the leading (double) logarithmic terms for a variety of observables. In this work, concentrating on final-state showers, we present two simple, computationally efficient prescriptions to correct this problem, exploiting a Lund-diagram type classification of emission regions. We study the resulting effective multiple-emission matrix elements generated by the shower, and discuss their impact on subleading colour contributions to leading and next-to-leading logarithms (NLL) for a range of observables. In particular we show that the new schemes give the correct full colour NLL terms for global observables and multiplicities. Subleading colour issues remain at NLL (single logarithms) for non-global observables, though one of our two schemes reproduces the correct full-colour matrix-element for any number of energy-ordered commensurate-angle pairs of emissions. While we carry out our tests within the PanScales shower framework, the schemes are sufficiently simple that it should be straightforward to implement them also in other shower frameworks.

Resources for structural optimization of gas-hydrodynamic measuring transducers

The paper presents the analysis of the resources of structural and parametric optimization of gas-hydrodynamic measuring transducers of physical and mechanical parameters of fluids. Resources such as the number of throttles and their arrangement in the diagram, type of throttle elements, measuring channels with a certain type of output signal, the supply mode of the measuring transducer can be integrated into the design process of the measuring transducer of a specific parameter. A mathematical apparatus based on set theory and combinatorial analysis is proposed for synthesizing the possible structures of throttle diagrams, graph theory – for forming a set of measuring channels. The authors have given examples demonstrating the possibilities of building different diagrams of measuring transducers using the resources for structural synthesis. The proposed resources are the means of structural and parametric optimization for synthesizing the gas-hydrodynamic measuring transducers with optimal characteristics.

A Simple Model to Relate the Elastic Ratio Gamma of a Critically Self-Organized Spring-Block Model with the Age of a Lithospheric Downgoing Plate in a Subduction Zone

In 1980, Ruff and Kanamori (RK) published an article on seismicity and the subduction zones where they reported that the largest characteristic earthquake (Mw) of a subduction zone is correlated with two geophysical quantities: the rate of convergence between the oceanic and continental plates (V) and the age of the corresponding subducting oceanic lithosphere (T). This proposal was synthetized by using an empirical graph (RK-diagram) that includes the variables Mw, V and T. We have recently published an article that reports that there are some common characteristics between real seismicity, sandpaper experiments and a critically self-organized spring-block model. In that paper, among several results we qualitatively recovered a RK-diagram type constructed with equivalent synthetic quantities corresponding to Mw, V and T. In the present paper, we improve that synthetic RK-diagram by means of a simple model relating the elastic ratio γ of a critically self-organized spring-block model with the age of a lithospheric downgoing plate. In addition, we extend the RK-diagram by including some large subduction earthquakes occurred after 1980. Similar behavior to the former RK-diagram is observed and its SOC synthetic counterpart is obtained.

The Galactic Globular Cluster System

“Although the evidence presented in the preceding discussion is still very fragmentary, there can be no doubt that, in dealing with galaxies, we have to distinguish two types of stellar populations, one which is represented by the ordinary H-R diagram (type I), the other by the H-R diagram of the globular clusters (type II). Characteristic of the first type are highly luminous O- and B-type stars and open clusters, of the second, globular clusters and short-period Cepheids…it should be pointed out that these same two types of stars were recognized by Oort as early as 1926. Oort showed that the high-velocity stars of our galaxy (our type II) are of a kind quite different from the slowmoving stars (type I) which predominate in the solar neighborhood.”