PLANTS OF THE BOTSAD OF I.M. SECHENOV MOSCOW STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CAPABLE OF SUPPRESSING DENSITY-DEPENDENT COMMUNICATION OF MICROORGANISMS.

Purpose of research - specify plants in the Botanic garden with antiquorum activity. In the collection of the botanical garden there are plants with confirmed antiquorum activity: Quercus robur, Betula verrucosa, Ledum tomentosum, Salvia officinalis, Inula helenium, Calendula officinalis, Comarum palustre, Rosa majalis. The presence of anti-Quorum Sensing activity supposed in: Chelidonium majus, Maсleaya cordata, Ruta graveolens, Plantago major, Equisetum arvense, Thymus serpyllum, Thymus marschallianus, Thymus vulgaris. The use of drugs from these plants led to the elimination of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the patient.

A comparative environmental assessment using bioindicator plants in conditions of anthropogenic impact of Saransk and Insar

The paper studies the reaction of pendent white birch ( Betula verrucosa ) as the main urban culture used in urban greening at different levels of anthropogenic impact. Annual studies indicate that there is no sustainable trend to reduce man-made emissions in the region. Greening of large industrial centers is of great environmental importance. According to morphometric and some reproductive parameters, the birch has an adaptive response to environmental conditions. The studies have shown that habitat conditions directly affect the morphometric and reproductive characteristics of plants. To a greater extent, in conditions of anthropogenic impact increase, the reaction of biomorphological parameters of the pendent white birch is manifested. When using the method of fluctuating asymmetry, its integral indicators showed the reaction of plants to the increase in anthropogenic impact in the city. The germination and germination energy of birch seeds collected from different study sites are indicative in this respect. The variable coefficient on the size of fruits and seedlings revealed, as a rule, a very high variability (20-40%), which explains the high plasticity of plants to living conditions even at the early stages of their development.

Трофическое влияние одомашниваемого лося на обитаемых территориях

Целью исследований являлось изучение трофического влияния одомашниваемого лося на древесно-кустарниковые породы на территории заказника в Костромской области в летний и зимний периоды года. В ходе исследований была обследована территория заказника в радиусе 1,5 км с целью установления видового состава деревьев и их состояния. Обследованию также подверглись лесные угодья в радиусе 500700 м, окружающие зимний лагерь. Представлены результаты оценки качества условий в месте обитания данного вида, выявлены типы повреждений и количество гибнущих и ослабленных в росте деревьев. Изучен характер потребления лосями малопоедаемых видов деревьев и кустарников. Установлены высота повреждений стволов деревьев, характер повреждений отдельных частей дерева и степень затравленности. Исследования показали, что на территории заказника в основном произрастают осинники, березняки и ельники. Степень затравливания одомашниваемыми лосями осины и ивы, как основного корма, составляет 80100. Одновременно с этим лосями в последнее время употребляются редкопоедаемые виды растений береза бородавчатая, ольха серая, ясень, ель и другие. Ими также повреждается древесно-кустарниковая растительность. Установлено, что наибольший урон одомашниваемыми лосями наносится деревьям высотой до1,0 м. Среди повреждений наиболее часто встречается скусывание верхушечных побегов. У деревьев высотой до3,0 мнаблюдаются скусывания побегов годичного прироста и погрызы коры. При обкусывании молодых побегов на высоте более3,0 мживотные ломают стволы деревьев. Нами также установлено, что одомашниваемые лоси могут поедать побеги деревьев толщиной 1,53,0 см.The aim of the research was to study the trophic effect of domesticated elks on hardy-shrub species in the reserve in the Kostroma region in the summer and winter periods of the year. During the research the territory of the reserve was examined within a radius of 1.5 km in order to establish the species composition of trees and their condition. Forest land within a radius of 500700 m surrounding the winter camp was also examined. The results of assessing the quality of conditions in the place of living of this species are presented, the types of damage and the number of trees dying and weakened in growth are identified. The nature of consumption by elk of low-eaten species of trees and shrubs is studied. The height of tree trunks damage, the nature of damage of individual parts of the tree and the degree of seeding were established. The researches have shown that aspen, birch and spruce forests mainly grow on the territory of the reserve. The degree of seeding of aspen and osier as the main feed by domesticated elks is 80100. Along with this elks recently eaten rare species of plants Betula verrucosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus, spruce and others. They also damage tree and shrubbery vegetation. It has been established that domesticated elks do irreparable damage on trees up to 1.0 m high. Among damage biting of apical shoots is most common. In trees up to 3.0 m high biting of shoots of annual growth and gnawing of the bark are observed. When biting young shoots at a height of more than 3.0 m animals break tree trunks. We also found that domesticated elks can eat tree shoots 1.53.0 cm thick.

Impact of Tree Pollen Distribution on Allergic Diseases in Serbia: Evidence of Implementation of Allergen Immunotherapy to Betula verrucosa

Background and objectives: The relationship between air pollen quantity and the sensitization of allergic patients is crucial for both the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. Weather conditions influence the distribution of allergenic pollen and increases in pollen concentration may negatively affect the health of allergic patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the implementation of allergen immunotherapy with regard to air pollen concentration. Material and Methods: Here we examined the relationship between Betula air pollen concentration and the usage of Betula verrucosa allergen immunotherapy in Serbia. Examination covered the period from 2015 to 2018. Measurement of airborne pollen concentration was performed with Lanzoni volumetric pollen traps. The evidence of the usage of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) was gathered from patients with documented sensitization to specific pollen. Results: During this period tree pollens were represented with 58% ± 21% of all measured air pollen species, while Betula pollen represented 15% ± 8% of all tree pollens. Betula pollination peaked in April. Allergen immunotherapy to Betula verrucosa in Serbia is entirely conducted as sublingual immunotherapy and represents 47.1% ± 1.4% of issued tree pollen SLIT. The use of pollen SLIT increased by 68% from 2015 to 2018, with an even greater increase in usage recorded for Betula SLIT—80%. Conclusions: This analysis shows a clear causative relationship between pollination and the type/prevalence of applied allergen immunotherapy. Information about the flowering seasons of allergenic plants is very important for people who suffer from allergy, for clinical allergologists, as well as for governing authorities. The presented data is of practical importance to the proper timing of immunotherapy initiation and of importance for urban landscaping. The obtained data can be the starting point for the instatement of a thorough epidemiological study and the inclusion of Serbia on the pollen map of Europe.

Вплив нанесення лакофарбових матеріалів на блиск термомеханічно модифікованого березового (Betula Verrucosa) шпону

Зовнішній вигляд деревини та виробів з неї є одним з ключових факторів у виборі матеріалів. Одними з основних властивостей поверхні матеріалу є колір та блиск. Високий рівень блиску поверхні надає продукту більш преміального та приємного вигляду. Шпонування, як одна з технологій термічного модифікування, призначене для покращення деяких механічних, а також естетичних властивостей деревини, зокрема її блиску. Нанесення лакофарбових виробів здійснюють з подібною метою – покращення зовнішнього вигляду поверхні та її захист від зовнішніх впливів. Мета цього дослідження – встановити динаміку зміни рівня показника блиску термомеханічно модифікованої деревини після нанесення лакового покриття та порівняння його з немодифікованою деревиною. Для цього використано шпон, виготовлений з берези способом лущення (Betula verrucosa), модифікований за температури 150, 180 та 210 °С за допомогою контрольованого пресу ХОМко. На модифікований шпон було нанесено один або два шари лакового покриття, із або без міжшарового шліфування. Оцінювали блиск під кутами 20, 60 та 85° за допомогою блискоміра Erichsen PICOGLOSS 503. Проаналізувавши результати експерименту, з'ясовано, що в разі нанесених двох шарів лаку рівень блиску вищий, ніж за одного, що міжшарове шліфування не дає відчутного ефекту на блиск поверхні лакованої термомеханічно модифікованої деревини та що вибір клею може вплинути на кінцевий показник рівня блиску.

Cellulose fiber based fungal and water resistant insulation materials

The development of thermal insulation materials from sustainable, natural fibrous materials is desirable. In the present study, cellulose fiber based insulation foams made of bleached chemi thermo mechanical pulp (CTMP) have been investigated. To improve water resistance, the foams were impregnated with hydrophobic extractives from the outer bark of birch (Betula verrucosa) and dried. The surface morphology of the foams and the distribution of the deposited particles from the extractives were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The modified foams showed improved water resistance, as they did not disintegrate after immersion in water for 7 days, whereas the unmodified foam did. Compared to the unmodified foam, the modified foams absorbed 50% less moisture within 24 h. The modification had no negative effects on the thermal insulation properties, fungal resistance or compressive strength of the foams. The proposed approach is simple and can be easily integrated into plants working based on the biorefinery concept.