scholarly journals Трофическое влияние одомашниваемого лося на обитаемых территориях

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Gvazava ◽  
O.N. Sitnikova ◽  
A.S. Davydova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Trophic Effect ◽  
Betula Verrucosa ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Irreparable Damage

Целью исследований являлось изучение трофического влияния одомашниваемого лося на древесно-кустарниковые породы на территории заказника в Костромской области в летний и зимний периоды года. В ходе исследований была обследована территория заказника в радиусе 1,5 км с целью установления видового состава деревьев и их состояния. Обследованию также подверглись лесные угодья в радиусе 500700 м, окружающие зимний лагерь. Представлены результаты оценки качества условий в месте обитания данного вида, выявлены типы повреждений и количество гибнущих и ослабленных в росте деревьев. Изучен характер потребления лосями малопоедаемых видов деревьев и кустарников. Установлены высота повреждений стволов деревьев, характер повреждений отдельных частей дерева и степень затравленности. Исследования показали, что на территории заказника в основном произрастают осинники, березняки и ельники. Степень затравливания одомашниваемыми лосями осины и ивы, как основного корма, составляет 80100. Одновременно с этим лосями в последнее время употребляются редкопоедаемые виды растений береза бородавчатая, ольха серая, ясень, ель и другие. Ими также повреждается древесно-кустарниковая растительность. Установлено, что наибольший урон одомашниваемыми лосями наносится деревьям высотой до1,0 м. Среди повреждений наиболее часто встречается скусывание верхушечных побегов. У деревьев высотой до3,0 мнаблюдаются скусывания побегов годичного прироста и погрызы коры. При обкусывании молодых побегов на высоте более3,0 мживотные ломают стволы деревьев. Нами также установлено, что одомашниваемые лоси могут поедать побеги деревьев толщиной 1,53,0 см.The aim of the research was to study the trophic effect of domesticated elks on hardy-shrub species in the reserve in the Kostroma region in the summer and winter periods of the year. During the research the territory of the reserve was examined within a radius of 1.5 km in order to establish the species composition of trees and their condition. Forest land within a radius of 500700 m surrounding the winter camp was also examined. The results of assessing the quality of conditions in the place of living of this species are presented, the types of damage and the number of trees dying and weakened in growth are identified. The nature of consumption by elk of low-eaten species of trees and shrubs is studied. The height of tree trunks damage, the nature of damage of individual parts of the tree and the degree of seeding were established. The researches have shown that aspen, birch and spruce forests mainly grow on the territory of the reserve. The degree of seeding of aspen and osier as the main feed by domesticated elks is 80100. Along with this elks recently eaten rare species of plants Betula verrucosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus, spruce and others. They also damage tree and shrubbery vegetation. It has been established that domesticated elks do irreparable damage on trees up to 1.0 m high. Among damage biting of apical shoots is most common. In trees up to 3.0 m high biting of shoots of annual growth and gnawing of the bark are observed. When biting young shoots at a height of more than 3.0 m animals break tree trunks. We also found that domesticated elks can eat tree shoots 1.53.0 cm thick.

Species Composition of the Lichen Biota in Industrially Polluted Territories of Leninsky District of Irkutsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kharin ◽  
Olga Belykh
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Passive Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Complex Influence ◽  
Lichen Indication

In the context of the development of infrastructure in Siberian cities, the issues of the state of the areas with accumulated environmental damage is especially relevant. It is mentioned in the article that lichen indication is an efficient method of passive monitoring of environment for industrial pollutants caused by morphological changes occurring in sensitive objects. The results of the lichen floristic research of Leninsky district of Irkutsk are presented, a list of revealed lichens including 9 genera and 12 species is given, a taxonomic list of this area is discussed. Lichenological objects were mapped. Distribution of lichens in the area of research is investigated with regard to the presence of recreational and residential zones. The authors draw a conclusion about the presence of «lichens deserts» which are caused both by the absence of the respective substratum and high concentration of pollutants. High concentration of pollutants is caused by complex influence of different enterprises on the quality of air.

scholarly journals Ecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis en Northern Venezuela: I. Description of the study area, catching methods and species composition

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dora Feliciangeli
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Catching Methods

A study on the ecology of phlebotomine sandfly fauna in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Venezuela was undertaken in order to investigate the species responsible for the transmission. The study area and catching methods for phlebotomine sandflies are described. A total of 9,061 females and 1,662 males were collected during a year-term study. 12 species of Lutzomya and 1 species of Brumptomya sp. were identified. Absolute and relative abundance and ocurrence for each species were determined. The rel ative occurrence allowed to distinguish the common species, viz. L. panamensis, L. ovallesi, L. gomezi, L. tinidadensis, L. atroclavata, L. cayennensis, L. shannoni and L. olmeca bicolor from the rare species vis., L. punctigeniculata, L. rangeliana, L. evansi and L. dubitans. General comments on the species composition of the sandfly fauna in this locality are made.

scholarly journals Meteorological disasters in Slovenian forests - how to approach the restoration in our specific conditions

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Marence
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Snow Damage ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Meteorological Disasters

In recent years, forests are exposed to various meteorological disasters. The climate change and warming of atmosphere cause more intensive and frequent occurrences in the atmosphere. This is also reflected in Slovenian forests - in particular in the form of windthrow, snow-damage, landslides and avalanches, and in 2014 a catastrophic ice storm. Some forecasts indicate that the future will bring more of this kind of disasters. The ice storm in the last year stroke the land the most in history, in particular in terms of damaged trees and areas. According to the available data, the damaged quantities of trees represent more than a two years planned annual cut in Slovenian forests, while about a half of the country was affected. The majority of the damaged wood comes from private forests. The remedying of such extensive meteorological disasters is demanding, dangerous and prolonged - it is also hindered by the specific ownership structure of the forest land in Slovenia and its average size. 75% of all forest have private owners, and this land is fragmented with a large number of forest holders. An average forest land is only 2.3 ha per individual owner. In these conditions, the following questions have to be answered: who, how and in what time is it possible to remedy the caused damage? What is the current quality of wood which was damaged in many ways in the meteorological disaster? Is it possible to use more modern felling technologies and wood transports from the forest in so fragmented private land?

scholarly journals Effect of disturbance on plant species abundance and density distribution in tropical forest of Sunsari district, Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tilak Prasad Gautam ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Shrub Species

The disappearance of global tropical forests due to deforestation and forest degradation has reduced the biodiversity and carbon sequestration capacity. In these contexts, present study was carried out to understand the species composition and density in the undisturbed and disturbed stands of moist tropical forest located in Sunsari district of eastern Nepal. Study revealed that the forest disturbance has reduced the number of tree species by 33% and tree density by 50%. In contrary, both number and density of herb and shrub species have increased with forest disturbance.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA CANDISARI KECAMATAN SAMBENG KABUPATEN LAMONGANMELALUI BRANDING DAN MEDIAONLINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Ikhsan Rosyid Mujahidul Anwari ◽  
Gayung Kasuma
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
The Village

Candisari Village is one of the villages in Sambeng Lamongan District. Candisari village has the potential for the development of tourism with historical branding. The village has a collective memory of the community which, if recorded and retold, will be interesting for educational materials, culinary tourism, forest land in some parts can be developed into an outbound arena, as well as other community activities ie, having a typical papaya production called calina, a sugar cane processing factory brown sugar, and one of the KKN BBM programs that started with the planting of oyster mushrooms and hydproponic vegetables. The various potentials are at least a capital for Candisari Village in arranging it as a Tourism Village. While the main problem in the development of Candisari tourism village at present is the absence of branding and the lack of facilities or publications to introduce it to the community. The purpose of this activity is to improve and develop the potential of Candisari tourism villages to be more productive and bring economic benefits to the village community. The solution used is making brands and making marketing publications through websites and social media. At the end of the activity, the Candisari tourism village community experienced an increase in the quality of life, one of which was the village's potential and tourism.abstrakDesa Candisari merupakan salah satu desa yang terdapat di Kecamatan Sambeng Lamongan. Desa Candisari memiliki potensi untuk pengembangan wisata dengan branding sejarah. Desa memiliki memori kolektif masyarakat yang kalau dibukukan dan diceritakan ulang akan menarik untuk bahan edukasi, wisata kuliner, lahan hutan yang dibeberapa bagian bisa dikembangkan menjadi arena outbond, serta aktifitas masyarakat lainnya yakni, memiliki produksi khas buah pepaya yang disebut calina, pabrik pengolahan tebu menjadi gula merah, dan salah satu program KKN BBM yang mengawali dengan penanaman jamur tiram dan sayur hidproponik. Berbagai potensi tersebut setidaknya menjadi modal bagi Desa Candisari dalam menata sebagai Desa Wisata.Sedangkan persoalan utama dalam pengembangan desa wisata Candisari saat ini adalah masih belum adanya branding dan belum adanya sarana atau publikasi untuk mengenalkan pada masyarakat. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan dan mengembangkan potensi desa wisata Candisari agar lebih produktif dan mendatangkan keuntungan secara ekonomi bagi masyarakat desa. Solusi yang digunakan adalah pembuatan brand dan pembuatan publikasi pemasaran melalui website dan media sosial. Pada akhir kegiatan, masyarakat desa wisata Candisari mengalami peningkatan kualitas hidup salah satunya dengan keberadaan potensi dan wisata desa.  

scholarly journals AN ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT PLANT DIVERSITY ON THE NATEWA PENINSULA, VANUA LEVU, FIJI

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Powling
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Present Plant

POWLING, A. 2018. An assessment of present plant diversity on the Natewa Peninsula, Vanua Levu, Fiji. Reinwardtia 17(2): 125‒132. ‒‒ The Natewa Peninsula, part of the Fijian island of Vanua Levu, is naturally afforested but the forests have been extensively logged in the last 50 years. It is now planned to protect some of the forests from further logging by incorporating them into a National Park. A survey of plant species in the regenerating forests and surrounding land on the Peninsula was performed to assess the taxonomic and ecological diversity of the trees and shrubs, including figs and palms, and also the orchids presently to be found on the Peninsula. The degree of invasion by introduced plant species was also assessed. Of 67 tree and shrub species it was found that 17 were endemic to the Fijian islands, 40 others were indigenous and ten were introduced. The normal habitats of these species included dense, open and secondary forest, showing that trees with a range of ecological characteristics were still present. Endemic and indigenous species of both figs and palms were found, and also terrestrial and epiphytic orchids. No severe infestations of introduced species were observed. It is concluded that the forests of the Peninsula are of sufficient conservation value to justify National Park status. 

scholarly journals The macrozoobenthos under clam farm (the Black Sea, Sevastopol region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Boltacheva ◽  
M. V. Makarov ◽  
L. V. Bondarenko ◽  
M. A. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Bivalve Mollusk ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Density And Biomass

During 2015–2106 the macrozoobenthos under the clam farm located in the area of Sevastopol was investigated. The aim of the study is to consider species composition, density and biomass of macrozoobenthos in the area of the clam farm. The samples were taken using standard benthic techniques. Relatively low species diversity was observed, with 56 species of macrozoobenthos identified. The density was 500–975 ind. per m², the biomass varied from 0.8 to 381.1 g·m-2. The community of the bivalve mollusk Lucinella divaricata (Linnaeus, 1758) was found. Trophic structure of the community with high quantity of detritus feeders dominated by small polychaetes was determined. The dominating, typical and rare species were identified. Comparison with the data obtained in 1957 in Evpatoriya – Sevastopol area at the same depths and sediments was made.

scholarly journals Artificial Perches for Birds in Deforested Areas Favour a Seed Rain Similar to Woodland Remnants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Yamile Guidetti ◽  
Sebastian Dardanelli ◽  
Fátima María Lourdes Miño ◽  
Guillermo César Amico
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract The lack of seeds represents one of the highest difficulties to overcome for the ecological restoration of areas that have been deforested. This study evaluates the effectiveness of artificial perches in increasing the abundance and species richness of bird-dispersed seeds and the similitude of seed rain composition (origin and habit of plant seeds), of deforested areas with and without artificial perches in relation to woodland remnants that serve as seeds source. The experiment took place in two sites of the Espinal ecoregion, Argentina. We found that in deforested areas, perches increased seed abundance and species richness in the seed rain in comparison with deforested areas without artificial perches. The species composition under artificial perches was similar to the seed rain dispersed in the woodland. However, a decrease in the richness of native species was significant in the deforested area, probably due to behavioral differences between opportunistic and obligate frugivorous. Seed of trees and shrubs species were well represented in the seed rain under artificial perches. Results from this study contribute to the understanding of nucleation and recovery mechanisms used by nature that reflect ecosystem resilience. We recommend using artificial perches in deforested areas with potential for recovery because it is an efficient technique to promote the entry of birds and increase seed rain, preserving features of the original environment. However, using artificial perches should be avoided in sites with potentially invasive non-native species.

Productivity of restored grassland-steppe ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. Пещанская ◽  
В. Кожевников
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
The One

Необходимость восстановления луговой степи центрального Ставрополья возникла ещё в середине прошлого столетия. Причиной тому послужило усиление воздействия антропогенных факторов на окружающую среду: распашка целины, промышленное и гражданское строительство, чрезмерный выпас скота, а также воздействие различного вида эрозий. В целях сохранения уникального природного комплекса степей с большим набором ценных и редких видов, а также в качестве опыта по восстановлению кормовых угодий в Ставропольском ботаническом саду в 1963 году были начаты исследования по интродукции дёрна. В период с 1963 по 1984 год на площади около 2 га были воссозданы фрагменты луговой степи. Изучение состояния искусственных ценозов, получение сравнительных данных в отношении видового состава, хозяйственно-ботанических групп, урожайности ценозов важнейшие компоненты исследования. В качестве эталонов обследовались территории естественных целинных степей (эталоны) (г. Бучинка, г. Стрижамент, урочище Новомарьевская поляна) с доминантами, сходными с доминантами изучаемых участков, восстановленных дёрном ( Бучинка , Стрижамент , Новомарьевская поляна ). Количество видов на эталонных участках составляет 6592, на восстановленных участках 83103. Видовой состав максимально представлен разнотравьем: от 44 до 72 видов. Во всех выборках проб преобладают злаки (31,9446,17) и разнотравье (29,4041,64), значительный удельный вес приходится на сухие остатки (старику) 7,6128,64. Масса бобовых колеблется в пределах от 0,85 до 11,01, осок от 0,1 до 13,83. Урожайность травостоя восстановленных ценозов сохраняется высокой 3,243,97 т/га. Показатели урожайности травостоя восстановленных формаций превышают показатели эталонов с разницей от 0,61 до 1,65 т/га. Restoration of grasslands became important in the Central Stavropol region in the middle of the last century. The reason was an increased anthropogenic effect: plowing, industrial and civil engineering, cattle grazing and erosion. Experiments on turf introduction got started at the Stavropol Botanical Garden in 1963 to preserve and restore the unique natural steppe area with a large number of valuable and rare species. Fragments of steppe were grown on 2 ha area from 1963 to 1984. The investigation focused on ecosystem conditions, species composition, botanical groups and yield. Natural steppes performed as controls (Buchinka, Strizhament, Novomaryevskaya Polyana) having similar dominant species as the trial areas. Control areas contained 6592 species, the restored ones 83103. There were 4472 different grass species grown. Proportions of gramineous averaged to 31.9446.17, grass mixtures 29.4041.64, grassland litter 7.6128.64. Contents of legumes varied within 0.8511.01, sedge 0.113.83. Grass productivity of the restored area was high 3.243.97 t ha-1. It exceeded the one of the natural areas by 0.611.65 t ha-1.

scholarly journals Cladocera of the Lençóis Maranhenses (NE - Brazil): faunal composition and a reappraisal of Sars' Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3 suppl) ◽  
pp. 755-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Van Damme ◽  
HJ. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Hit And Run ◽  
Total Species

We studied the Cladocera of a group of ephemeral interdunal pools in the Lençóis Maranhenses, Maranhão State (NE - Brazil) and recorded 34 species. The fauna was overwhelmingly neotropical, with no evidence of invasive species. Species composition differed in Lagoa da Colher, an acid system. We provide notes on behaviour, morphology and taxonomy of some lesser-known anomopods, with emphasis on the Chydoridae. We figure male Oxyurella longicaudis, Chydorus eurynotus, Disparalona leptorhyncha, Alonella dadayi and A. clathratula. We provide notes on the "Sars' Method", hatching of freshwater crustaceans from dry mud, a simple technique that complements the information of hit-and-run surveys. About half of the total species number (44%) was revived through this method; 18% of species were additional to field-collected samples. The Sars' method also yielded abundant specimens of rare species, useful for identification and studies on behaviour.

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