scholarly journals A Rare Occurrence of Hyperkalemia Following Remdesivir: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Harsh H. Patel ◽  
Sapna D. Gupta ◽  
Supriya D. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Transaminase Elevation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Concurrent Medication ◽  
Or History

Remdesivir is a nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah virus, Ebola virus (EBOV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1). Remdesivir has been used in moderate to severe COVID-19 during the pandemic. Remdesivir is associated with various adverse drug reactions like serum transaminase elevation, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, gastroparesis, pneumothorax, hypotension, hematuria etc. It has been rarely associated with hyperkalemia. We have reported 3 cases of hyperkalemia following Remdesivir use. In all 3 cases, patients did not have any renal pathology or history of alcohol consumption. Patients were not taking any concurrent medication which increases serum potassium levels with such characteristics seen in our cases. Temporal association was present between hyperkalemia and initiation of Remdesivir in all cases described. Hence, it is very important to be vigilant while prescribing Remdesivir in COVID-19.

scholarly journals REVIEW: REMDESIVIR AS A CANDIDATE FOR COVID-19 TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Iffah Anasia ◽  
Zulharmita Zulharmita ◽  
Ridho Asra
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
The Us ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Direct Acting

Remdesivir is the first drug that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease. From several therapeutic options, Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral drug that has previously been tested against the Ebola virus, known to be effective and safe enough to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Corona virus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that attacks the respiratory system in humans, this virus can cause mild disorders of the respiratory system, severe lung infections, and even death. Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that has previously shown antiviral activity against filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses), coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS CoV-2), paramyxoviruses (type III influenza virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, measles, and mumps virus) and Pnemoviriidae (respiratory syncytial virus).

scholarly journals Brief review on remdesivir

2021 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Venkata Niharika Daka ◽  
Lakshmi Sravanthi Bandi ◽  
Sushma Alla ◽  
Venkata Spandana Cheedella ◽  
Sadasiva Rao Galaba
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

Remdesivir is an investigational broad-spectrum small-molecule antiviral drug that has confirmed interest in the direction of RNA viruses in numerous families, which encompass Coronaviridae (alongside aspect SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and lines of bat coronaviruses able to infecting human respiratory epithelial cells), Paramyxoviridae (alongside aspect Nipah virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Hendra virus), and Filoviridae (alongside aspect Ebola virus). Originally superior to cope with Ebola virus infection , remdesivir is a prodrug of the determine adenosine analog, each of which can be metabolized into an energetic nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) via the host. The determine nucleoside, GS-441524, has displayed antiviral interest within the direction of SARS-CoV, Marburg virus , and pussycat infectious peritonitis virus, amongst others. A fashion of research have tested the effects of these pills on coronaviruses (CoVs) each in vitro and in vivo the use of mouse and non-human primate animal models.

scholarly journals Targeting Innate Immunity for Antiviral Therapy through Small Molecule Agonists of the RLR Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 2372-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmya Pattabhi ◽  
Courtney R. Wilkins ◽  
Ran Dong ◽  
Megan L. Knoll ◽  
Jeffrey Posakony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACTThe cellular response to virus infection is initiated when pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) engage viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This process results in induction of downstream signaling pathways that activate the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). IRF3 plays a critical role in antiviral immunity to drive the expression of innate immune response genes, including those encoding antiviral factors, type 1 interferon, and immune modulatory cytokines, that act in concert to restrict virus replication. Thus, small molecule agonists that can promote IRF3 activation and induce innate immune gene expression could serve as antivirals to induce tissue-wide innate immunity for effective control of virus infection. We identified small molecule compounds that activate IRF3 to differentially induce discrete subsets of antiviral genes. We tested a lead compound and derivatives for the ability to suppress infections caused by a broad range of RNA viruses. Compound administration significantly decreased the viral RNA load in cultured cells that were infected with viruses of the familyFlaviviridae, including West Nile virus, dengue virus, and hepatitis C virus, as well as viruses of the familiesFiloviridae(Ebola virus),Orthomyxoviridae(influenza A virus),Arenaviridae(Lassa virus), andParamyxoviridae(respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah virus) to suppress infectious virus production. Knockdown studies mapped this response to the RIG-I-like receptor pathway. This work identifies a novel class of host-directed immune modulatory molecules that activate IRF3 to promote host antiviral responses to broadly suppress infections caused by RNA viruses of distinct genera.IMPORTANCEIncidences of emerging and reemerging RNA viruses highlight a desperate need for broad-spectrum antiviral agents that can effectively control infections caused by viruses of distinct genera. We identified small molecule compounds that can selectively activate IRF3 for the purpose of identifying drug-like molecules that can be developed for the treatment of viral infections. Here, we report the discovery of a hydroxyquinoline family of small molecules that can activate IRF3 to promote cellular antiviral responses. These molecules can prophylactically or therapeutically control infection in cell culture by pathogenic RNA viruses, including West Nile virus, dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah virus, Lassa virus, and Ebola virus. Our study thus identifies a class of small molecules with a novel mechanism to enhance host immune responses for antiviral activity against a variety of RNA viruses that pose a significant health care burden and/or that are known to cause infections with high case fatality rates.

scholarly journals Ocular inflammatory events following COVID-19 vaccination: a multinational case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Testi ◽  
Camilo Brandão-de-Resende ◽  
Rupesh Agrawal ◽  
Carlos Pavesio
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Cystoid Macular Oedema ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Inflammatory Event ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Inflammatory adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination are being reported amidst the growing concerns regarding vaccine’s immunogenicity and safety, especially in patients with pre-existing inflammatory conditions. Methods Multinational case series of patients diagnosed with an ocular inflammatory event within 14 days following COVID-19 vaccination collected from 40 centres over a 3 month period in 2021. Results Seventy patients presented with ocular inflammatory events within 14 days following COVID-19 vaccination. The mean age was 51 years (range, 19-84 years). The most common events were anterior uveitis (n = 41, 58.6%), followed by posterior uveitis (n = 9, 12.9%) and scleritis (n = 7, 10.0%). The mean time to event was 5 days and 6 days (range, 1-14 days) after the first and second dose of vaccine, respectively. Among all patients, 36 (54.1%) had a previous history of ocular inflammatory event. Most patients (n = 48, 68.6%) were managed with topical corticosteroids. Final vision was not affected in 65 (92.9%), whereas 2 (2.9%) and 3 (4.3%) had reduction in visual acuity reduced by ≤ 3 lines and > 3 lines, respectively. Reported complications included nummular corneal lesions (n = 1, 1.4%), cystoid macular oedema (n = 2, 2.9%) and macular scarring (n = 2, 2.9%). Conclusion Ocular inflammatory events may occur after COVID-19 vaccination. The findings are based on a temporal association that does not prove causality. Even in the possibility of a causal association, most of the events were mild and had a good visual outcome.

Predictors of Tracheostomy Decannulation in Adult Laryngotracheal Stenosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982097827
Author(s):  
Grace E. Snow ◽  
Timothy Brandon Shaver ◽  
Taylor B. Teplitzky ◽  
Elizabeth Guardiani
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Laryngotracheal Stenosis ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Teaching Hospital ◽  
Head And Neck Radiation ◽  
Or History

Objective Predictors of tracheostomy decannulation in patients with laryngotracheal stenosis are not fully known, making prognosis difficult. The aim was to identify predictors of tracheostomy decannulation in adult patients with acquired stenosis of the larynx and/or trachea who were tracheostomy dependent. Study Design Case series. Setting Academic teaching hospital. Methods A total of 103 consecutive adult patients with laryngotracheal stenosis who were tracheostomy dependent and seen by the otolaryngology clinic from January 1, 2013, to August 2, 2018, were included. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, history of laryngeal cancer or head and neck radiation, or history of laryngeal fracture. The primary outcome was the presence of tracheostomy at last follow-up. The patients’ etiology of stenosis, comorbid conditions, and characteristics of the stenosis were analyzed to determine if there was a statistically significant relationship with decannulation. Results A total of 103 patients were included: 67% of patients were women and the average age was 53.5 years. Sixty-four patients (62%) were successfully decannulated. In multivariate analysis, patients who were successfully decannulated presented to the otolaryngology clinic earlier after tracheostomy was performed, were more likely to have been intubated due to trauma, and were less likely to have gastroesophageal reflux disease. In patients with subglottic or tracheal stenosis, those with granulation tissue without firm scar were more likely to be decannulated, and those who underwent rigid dilation were less likely to be decannulated. Conclusion Early evaluation by an otolaryngologist may increase the likelihood of tracheostomy decannulation in patients with laryngotracheal stenosis. Patient comorbidities may assist in predicting which patients will be successfully decannulated.

scholarly journals Ocular inflammatory events following COVID-19 vaccination: a multinational case series

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Testi ◽  
Camilo Brandão-de-Resende ◽  
Rupesh Agrawal ◽  
Carlos Pavesio ◽  
Laura Steeples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Cystoid Macular Oedema ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Inflammatory Event ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Inflammatory adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination are being reported amidst the growing concerns regarding vaccine’s immunogenicity and safety, especially in patients with pre-existing inflammatory conditions. Methods Multinational case series of patients diagnosed with an ocular inflammatory event within 14 days following COVID-19 vaccination collected from 40 centres over a 3 month period in 2021. Results Seventy patients presented with ocular inflammatory events within 14 days following COVID-19 vaccination. The mean age was 51 years (range, 19–84 years). The most common events were anterior uveitis (n = 41, 58.6%), followed by posterior uveitis (n = 9, 12.9%) and scleritis (n = 7, 10.0%). The mean time to event was 5 days and 6 days (range, 1–14 days) after the first and second dose of vaccine, respectively. Among all patients, 36 (54.1%) had a previous history of ocular inflammatory event. Most patients (n = 48, 68.6%) were managed with topical corticosteroids. Final vision was not affected in 65 (92.9%), whereas 2 (2.9%) and 3 (4.3%) had reduction in visual acuity reduced by ≤3 lines and > 3 lines, respectively. Reported complications included nummular corneal lesions (n = 1, 1.4%), cystoid macular oedema (n = 2, 2.9%) and macular scarring (n = 2, 2.9%). Conclusion Ocular inflammatory events may occur after COVID-19 vaccination. The findings are based on a temporal association that does not prove causality. Even in the possibility of a causal association, most of the events were mild and had a good visual outcome.

Herpetic Whitlow of the Hand in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Al-Qattan ◽  
Nada G. AlQadri ◽  
Ghada AlHayaza
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Abstract Introduction Herpetic whitlows in infants are rare. Previous authors only reported individual case reports. We present a case series of six infants. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of six cases of herpetic whitlows in infants seen by the senior author (MMA) over the past 23 years (1995–2017 inclusive). The following data were collected: age, sex, digit involved in the hand, mode of transmission, time of presentation to the author, clinical appearance, presence of secondary bacterial infection, presence of other lesions outside the hand, method of diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Results All six infants initially presented with classic multiple vesicles of the digital pulp. In all cases, there was a history of active herpes labialis in the mother. Incision and drainage or deroofing of the vesicles (for diagnostic purposes) resulted in secondary bacterial infection. Conclusion The current report is the first series in the literature on herpetic whitlows in infants. We stress on the mode of transmission (from the mother) and establishing the diagnosis clinically. In these cases, no need for obtaining viral cultures or polymerase chain reaction; and no medications are required. Once the vesicles are disrupted, secondary bacterial infection is frequent and a combination of oral acyclovir and intravenous antibiotics will be required.

Dental Implant Placement in Patients with a History of Medications Related to Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judd Sher ◽  
Kate Kirkham-Ali ◽  
Denny Luo ◽  
Catherine Miller ◽  
Dileep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Bisphosphonate Treatment ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

The present systematic review evaluates the safety of placing dental implants in patients with a history of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drug therapy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases were used to search for clinical studies (English only) to July 16, 2019. Study quality was assessed regarding randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for case series. A broad search strategy resulted in the identification of 7542 studies. There were 28 studies reporting on bisphosphonates (5 cohort, 6 case control, and 17 case series) and one study reporting on denosumab (case series) that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The quality assessment revealed an overall moderate quality of evidence among the studies. Results demonstrated that patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis are not at increased risk of implant failure in terms of osseointegration. However, all patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment, whether taken orally for osteoporosis or intravenously for malignancy, appear to be at risk of ‘implant surgery-triggered’ MRONJ. In contrast, the risk of MRONJ in patients treated with denosumab for osteoporosis was found to be negligible. In conclusion, general and specialist dentists should exercise caution when planning dental implant therapy in patients with a history of bisphosphonate and denosumab drug therapy. Importantly, all patients with a history of bisphosphonates are at risk of MRONJ, necessitating this to be included in the informed consent obtained prior to implant placement. The James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry Honours program and the Australian Dental Research Foundation Colin Cormie Grant were the primary sources of funding for this systematic review.

Thanato-Laboratorien. Theorien von Tod und Sterben und Elias Canettis Buch gegen den Tod

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Or History

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.

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