312 km Mubadala Ruby Field Subsea Gas Pipeline Dent Investigation and Assessment

Mubadala Petroleum (pipeline operator) responded to a pig stuck in a 312 km subsea gas pipeline. A bi-di pig was found to be stuck and after being rescued, the bi-di pig discs were found to be dented. An investigation and assessment are conducted to found what causes pig stuck, to solve the issue of a pig stuck, and to execute all the processes during pipeline operation as effectively and safest way as possible. The investigation started by defining what makes dented bi-di pigs, is an object inside the pipeline or pipeline deformation. A series of conformity techniques are applied by calculation to predict exact pig stuck location, using the backpressure method. A series of inspections were conducted from simple to complex way. From a smart pig that resulted from pig damage to side-scan sonar (SSS) inspection, and visual inspection at predicted location due to cost and time limit. The result is the investigation and assessment process to find dent location within 312 km seabed are executed in a time effective and cost reduced way, under 2 years for all activity for technical process and field execution duration. The sequence also escalating from lowest cost and easiest methods (engineering calculation) to the highest and more complex methods and cost (inspection and survey). The accurate result of prediction confirmed by the dent location and damages at KP 111.89 and 30 meters water depth. The investigation methodology also complies with the requirement of regulation, company specs, standard/code, and engineering best practices. The benefits of this paper are as a reference to conduct series of pipeline damage investigations for a long-distance and remote subsea pipeline. The investigation sequence can apply to many cases with accurate prediction to reduce investigation cost, time, complexity, and risk.

Efisiensi Saluran Pemasaran Bunga Pacar Air (Impatiens Balsamina L.) di Desa Dukuh Klopo Kecamatan Peterongan Kabupaten Jombang

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the marketing channel for water henna flowers. The marketing margin, the price received by the farmer or farmer's share, profit, and cost all contribute to the henna plant's marketing efficiency. The second purpose is to determine the price transmission elasticity. The study was conducted in the village of Dukuh Klopo, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency. The survey was place between February and April 2021 and included a total of 34 participants: 21 farmers, three collectors, and ten retailers. The survey method was employed for the investigation. Cost analysis, marketing margin and profit, marketing efficiency, and price transmission elasticity are all used in data analysis. In Dukuh Klopo Village, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency, there are two marketing channels for water henna flowers. The first channel comprises of farmers, retailers, and consumers. The second channel consists of farmers, collectors, retailers, and consumers. According to the findings of the research on the efficiency of the water henna flower marketing channel, the second marketing channel is the most efficient, with a value of 0.02 percent.

Cost burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in an urban area of Bangladesh: A hospital-based mix method study

Background: Longtime treatment of diabetic patients is an added burden for countries that had low GDP and no health insurance facilities like Bangladesh. Urgent cost assessment and proper strategy needs to be developed to overcome the economic burden of a diabetic patient. Methodology: We have conducted a mixed-methods study in a Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS), a sister concern of BIRDEM hospital between August 2019 to January 2020. Quantitative data was collected by a survey questionnaire from the patients and qualitative data was collected by interviewing five key informants of the facility center. Results: 329 known diabetic patients were enrolled, out of the 70.48% were female and the rest of them were male. The mean age of the respondents was 53.73 years. Nearly 35% of them had a positive family history, and more than 30% of them had both hypertension and dyslipidemia along with DM. The total average cost per year was ~600USD, which includes drug, investigation, consultancy & transportation costs. Among which drug costs were the most (~350 USD).We had found that drug cost & investigation cost had a significant associated with increased age, level of education, and the duration of DM. Investigation cost was also associated with positive family history. Conclusions: As there is no insurance coverage in Bangladesh and subsidy are not available, many of the patients from the lower socio-economic group might discontinue the treatment. Further prospective research is needed to develop a proper guideline for policymakers.

Study of direct cost of care among ENT surgical inpatients at a tertiary teaching hospital

Background: Cost of care in hospital includes direct cost and indirect cost. Direct cost is a price that patient pays to hospital in form of expenditure. Ever-growing health cost is concern for both health care provider and health care seeker.Methods: Non-sponsored self-paying inpatients of ENT department were included in this prospective study. Structured proforma was used to extract information regarding surgery cost, investigation cost, pharmacy cost, patient care charges and hospital staying charges.Results: Out of 33 patients 49% were admit for >6 days, 39% were admitted up to 3 days, while 12% patients stayed for 4-6 days. Average surgery fees charges were 37% and pharmacy charges and investigation charges were about 25%. 82% patients were operated under general anaesthesia while 18% patients were operated under local anaesthesia.Conclusions: Major surgery under general anaesthesia force patients longer stay in hospital and increases cost of care by increasing pharmacy and investigation bill. So, we should focus on anaesthesia time, anaesthesia type and judicious use of investigations for reducing overall health cost care to make it affordable to all.

Applied Technology in Analysis of Status Quo of Academic Theses Duplicate Checking of China and the Treatment Countermeasures

applied technology has become more and more popular in plagiarism detection, but the actual results to prevent the plagiarism like duplicate are unsatisfactory. This paper constituted a analytical frame using game theory to rethink about basic features and status quo of duplicate checking, roundly researched the pursuit of relevant participants. It pointed out asymmetric information is an important factor in the duplicate checking.In addition,investigation cost and inappropriate management mechanism also lead to the relevant departments wouldn't check the fraud. Namely, the government shouldn't carry out strict supervision, but moderate supervision. And then the participant try to make the competent authorities unaware of the fraud. As a result, the aim of supervision isn't to stop all plagiarism, but to limit academic dishonesty to some extent. Finally, some valuable suggestions against plagiarism and applied technology were prompted.