A renal and hepatic toxicity analysis of remdesivir formulations: Does what is on the inside really count?

It has been postulated that the injectable solution formulation of remdesivir could be more nephrotoxic than the lyophilized powder since it contains twice as much sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD). Therefore, we evaluated 1000 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 who received remdesivir lyophilized powder or solution. A logistic regression model accounting for baseline confounders identified that neither the use of the injectable solution (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.49-2.29; P=0.901) nor a Creatinine Clearance < 30ml/min at the time of remdesivir initiation (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 0.51-3.5; P=0.499) were significantly associated with acute kidney injury. Regarding hepatoxicity, there was no significant difference in early discontinuation of remdesivir due to abnormal Liver Function Tests between patients who received the lyophilized powder versus solution (0.9% vs 2.3%, P= 0.09).

Kriya Mendong, Upaya Diversifikasi Produk Potensi Desa, Kreasi Wirausaha Masyarakat Desa Blayu

ABSTRAK Pemerintah kecamatan Wajak, kabupaten Malang, telah mengukuhkan mendong sebagai komoditas khas daerahnya. Desa Blayu merupakan daerah terbesar penghasil mendong beserta produk turunannya. Sayangnya saat ini budidaya mendong semakin memudar dan ikon mendong sulit ditemukan di desa Blayu. Jumlah profesi masyarakat yang terkait dengan budidaya dan kerajinan mendong terus mengalami penurunan. Potensi mendong yang tidak menjanjikan kesejahteraan ditengarai sebagai alasan profesi ini mulai ditinggalkan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah menambah nilai ekonomis mendong dan membangkitkan kembali kepercayaan diri masyarakat Blayu akan potensi mendong dengan cara mengenalkan diversifikasi kerajinan kriya mendong dan peluang pasarnya. Metode yang dilakukan adalah identifikasi masalah, perumusan solusi, pendidikan masyarakat, difusi inovasi dan pelatihan. Manfaat dari kegiatan ini adalah mulai bangkitnya jiwa kewirausahaan masyarakat Blayu dan sikap optimistik terhadap potensi usaha kreatif produk kriya mendong. Kata kunci : kriya mendong, diversifikasi produk, wirausaha ABSTRACT The government of Wajak sub-district, Malang regency, has established mendong as a unique commodity in its area. Blayu Village is the largest producer of mendong and its derivatives. Unfortunately at this time the cultivation of mendong is increasingly fading and icons of mendong are hard to find in Blayu village. The number of community professions related to the cultivation and crafts of mendong continues to decline. Potential mendong who do not promise prosperity is suspected as a reason this profession began to be abandoned. The purpose of this community service activity is to add economic value to the mendong and to revive the confidence of the Blayu community in the potential of the mendong by introducing the diversification of handmade crafts to the mendong and its market opportunities. The method used are problem identification, solution formulation, community education, diffusion of innovation and training. The benefit of this activity are the resurgence of the entrepreneurial spirit of the Blayu community and an optimistic attitude towards the potential for creative efforts in mendong craft products.

Evaluation of in-situ gel-forming eye drop containing bacteriophage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratoconjunctivitis in vivo

Introduction: Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become increasingly difficult due to its remarkable capacity to resist antibiotics. Bacteriophages have been suggested as an alternative treatment for bacterial infections. Methods: In-situ gel-forming eye drop containing phage against P. aeruginosa keratoconjunctivitis was prepared. The Cystoviridae phage was formulated as in-situ gel-forming formulation which is a solution formulation but turns into gel when it contacts the eye. Therapeutic effectiveness of the in-situ gel forming formulation was evaluated by histological examination on day 12 post-infection. Results: The viscosity of selected formulation increased when it was instilled into the eye. The histological results showed edema, abscesses, and destruction of the stromal structure of cornea in groups where no in-situ gel-forming formulation was used. In the group where in-situ gel forming formulation was used, re-epithelialization and normal corneal structure were observed. Conclusion: In-situ gel-forming ophthalmic formulation containing phage can be effective in the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratoconjunctivitis.

ENTRAPMENT OF FREE CELLS WITHIN ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS: MINI REVIEW ON PARAMETERS INFLUENCING NANOFIBERS CHARACTERISTICS AND CELLS VIABILITY

Nanotechnology is a growing technology that has been recognized as vital and scientific with bioprocess development especially in dealing with usage of free cells. Limitations such as low bioavailability, storage instability and low substrate inhibition bound the application of free cells in various field thus leading researchers into focusing more on free cells immobilization system. With the increasing knowledge in nanomaterials fabrication techniques, the immobilization of free cells through entrapment approach in highly porous and the high surface area of nanofibers is becoming an interesting subject to be highlighted. The production of free cells entrapped in nanofibers via electrospinning in terms of quality and quantity is highly affected by the electrospinning operating parameters including solution formulation, ambient conditions, operating conditions of electrospinning machine and types of materials used. Hence, this review paper will provide an overview of the operating conditions involved in electrospinning of cells through entrapment process which affect the characteristics of the electrospun nanofibers produced and the viability or growth of cells when entrapped in the electrospun nanofibers mats.

Analysis and Discussions on the Nonuniformity Problem of SCR Denitration Equipment NOx Concentration Distribution in a 600MW Coal-fired Unit

Combining with an engineering example, from the aspects of SCR inlet NOx concentration distribution, flue gas velocity uniformity, ammonia injection valve opening, ash deposit, abrasion and flue arrangement, the uniformity problem of SCR denitration equipment outlet NOx concentration distribution is analyzed and discussed in a 660MW coal-fired unit. The results show that the uneven distribution of NOx concentration is caused by the combined action of many factors. In the cause analysis and solution formulation, the influence factors need be overall consideration. By adjusting the ammonia injection valve opening, the uniformity of SCR outlet NOx concentration increases by about 30%, the performance of SCR denitration equipment is obviously improved. At the same time, rationalization proposals and solution measures for the improvement of outlet concentration uniformity are given in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of denitration equipment.