The Effect of Lipoteichoic Acid from Lactobacillus plantarum on Dental Pulp Inflammation

Objective Lactobacillus plantarum, a bacterium located in deep caries, has a virulence factor in the form of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which is found in the bacterial cell wall. LTA is able to trigger a neutrophils response in the dental pulp inflammation process within the first 6 to 24 hours. The quantity of bacteria is one factor influencing the increase in number of neutrophils in addition to the quality of the bacteria. This study seeks to analyze the effect of lipoteichoic acid of Lactobacillus plantarum (LTA-Lp) in the dental pulp inflammation by observing the number of neutrophil cells in a histopathological view. Materials and Methods The LTA was isolated from L. plantarum. The left upper molar of Rattus novergicus was mechanically perforated under anesthesia to induce dental pulp inflammation. The perforated tooth was then induced by 10 and 15 µg/mL of LTA-Lp and then restored by a temporary filling. The perforated tooth in the control group was only restored by a temporary filling. After 24, 48, and 72 hours, the tooth was extracted and then stained with hematoxylins and eosin to observe the neutrophils in the dental pulp via a light microscope. Result The number of neutrophils in the dental pulp after induction by 15 µg/mL of LTA-Lp is higher than 10 µg/mL of LTA-Lp and both controls. There were significant differences in the number of neutrophils in the dental pulp, in each group on 24, 48, and 72 hours after LTA-Lp inducing (p < 0.05). Conclusion The LTA-Lp dose of of 10 and 15 µg/mL affected the dental pulp inflammation by affecting the number of neutrophils.

Tooth and temporary filling material fractures caused by Cavit, Cavit W and Coltosol F: an in vitro study

Background Tooth fractures can occur after temporary inter-appointment endodontic filling, resulting in not preserving and thus extraction of the affected tooth. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to evaluate the tooth substance fracture potential given by the expansion of endodontic temporary filling materials. Methods Tooth and access cavities were prepared in 80 mandibular molars. Four groups of 20 teeth each (Cavit, Cavit W and Coltosol F and control) were included. To simulate a clinical situation, the teeth were endodontically pre-treated and a calcium hydroxide dressing was placed. The cavities were filled with the corresponding temporary filling material, with exception of the control group, and kept submerged in distilled water for 15 days. The teeth were examined every 24 h by two calibrated observers under a stereomicroscope (7.5×), fractures of the temporary filling material and tooth structure were photo-documented, and the results statistically analyzed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were calculated to illustrate (survival = no fracture) probabilities to evaluate the time when the temporary filling material, tooth structure or both together occurred. Log-rank test was performed in order to assess significant differences between the materials and the subgroups used. Results Fractures were observed only in the Coltosol F group (p < 0.01), at the end of the observation period, a total of 13 teeth (65%) showed temporary filling material and eight teeth (40%) showed tooth structure fractures. No fractures in the pulp chamber area were observed at the end of the observation period in any group. Conclusions Within the limitations of the current in vitro study, the results obtained suggest that tooth structure fractures caused by a temporary filling material can occur during endodontic treatment, thus compromising the success of the treatment.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin and 5-Methoxytryptophol on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Pulpitis in Rats

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible therapeutic impacts of two pineal hormones, melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol (5-MTX), in a rat model of acute pulpitis by analyzing biochemical and histopathological parameters. Methods. This research was done using 32 male and female Wistar albino rats with weight between 200 and 250 g. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (rats without any treatment), acute pulpitis (AP) group, AP+melatonin group, and AP+5-MTX group. In the AP-induced groups, the crowns of the upper left incisors were removed horizontally. Lipopolysaccharide solution was applied to the exposed pulp tissue before the canal orifices were sealed with a temporary filling material. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) and 5-MTX (5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after pulp injury, and trunk blood and pulp samples were collected. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-1, and MMP-2 in sera and pulp samples were determined using ELISA assay kits. Results. TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-1, and MMP-2 levels in the serum and pulp tissues were considerably higher in the AP group than the control group ( p < 0.01 ‐ 0.001 ). In the AP+melatonin and AP+5-MTX groups, TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-1, and MMP-2 levels in the serum and pulp tissues were significantly lower than in the AP group ( p < 0.05 ‐ 0.001 ). Conclusions. Both melatonin and 5-MTX provided protective effects on acute pulpitis, which indicates they may be promising as a therapeutic strategy for oral disease.

Temporary Filling of Teeth At Home, When It Is A Dental Emergency and There Is No Dentist

There are populations in which people have to take care of their health for themselves. We can talk about medicine where there are no doctors and dentistry where there are no dentists. The objective of this work is to collect possible products used at home to fill teeth temporarily when it is a dental emergency before a dentist makes the definitive treatment. In our files, Internet search engines, and in various databases (Medline, Scielo), a review of scientific works and information about provisional cement made at home, for filling teeth in an emergency, has been made before being treated by a dentist. Some products that are at home, which can be used for the temporary filling of teeth are cotton, chewing gum, bread (flour), plaster, cement, toothpaste, baking soda, common salt, soap, wax, alcohol, and peroxide. Many of these products are soluble in contact with saliva and others can damage the health of the tooth. To fill teeth temporarily, a cotton swab soaked in alcohol or hydrogen peroxide (due to its disinfection capacity) is usually useful and this could be temporarily covered with plaster or cement. The wax may temporarily prevent food from remaining in the tooth socket or from rubbing its cutting edge on the tongue. Any of the home remedies described for filling teeth are temporary and you should go to the dentist for definitive treatment as soon as possible.

Use of the ozonation method in treating dentin caries in children’s permanent teeth

Relevance. Permanent teeth carious involvement starts from their eruption in children aged 5-6 years. Hard tissues mineralization in permanent teeth lasts long. Nowadays, efficacy of combined applying calcium containing drugs and the ozonation method while treating permanent teeth caries in children with incompleted processes of dental hard tissues mineralization has not been revealed.Purpose. Increasing effectiveness of dentin caries treatment of children's permanent teeth with incompleted mineralization processes in dental hard tissues. Materials and methods. There were carried out clinical and laboratory examinations and treatment of 41 children (aged 6-14). They had dentin caries in permanent teeth with incompleted mineralization processes in hard tissues .In 2 groups studied carious cavities were treated mechanically and medically and afterwards the dentin density measurement was made by the method of fluorecent analysis using DIAGNOdent apparatus. The mineralization degree of clinically intact dentin having been determined, in Group 1 Dycal paste and a hermetic temporary filling of glass ionomer cement were placed onto the floor of carious cavities. In Group 2 carious cavities were treated mechanically and medically and then ozonized during 30 seconds with Kavo - HealOzone apparatus followed by application of Dycal paste onto the floor of carious cavities and temporary filling with glass ionomer cement. Three months later, the temporary filling material and Dycal paste were removed out of the children's teeth in both groups and measuring mineralization degree of the clinically intact dentin was made again. Results. Dentin mineralization increase in Group 1 showed 33,9% following delayed filling technique. In Group 2 the ozonation method promoted the increase by 54,9%.Conclusions. Carious cavitiies ozonation before applying calcium containing material favours higher mineralization degree (by 21%).

A 28-year-old pregnant woman with severe toothache

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 28-year-old woman came with severe pain on the lower left quadrant of the mouth. She already had an orthopantomogram (panoramic view) of six months back which showed a dislodged temporary filling on the lower left second premolar. The woman also told that she had six weeks of pregnancy. The patient also stated that she had pain and sensitivity on the same tooth at about one year back and went to a local dental surgeon. The dental surgeon at that time put a filling on that tooth. For three days, she could not sleep at night due to pain in that region.