INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF DECASAN CHLORHEXIDINE AND IODOPHORAM ON STANDARD MICROBIAL STRAINS

The problem of treatment and prevention of infectious-inflammatory post extraction complications in modern surgical dentistry are still challenging, despite the great advances in this field. Many etiological factors are identified as contributing to the development of such complications, but at present scientists are paying much attention to the infectious factor, which is associated with the microflora of the tooth socket after tooth removal. According to the literature, the most common post-extraction complication during an outpatient surgical appointment is alveolitis, which accounts for 1-35% of all cases of tooth extraction. To combat an infectious etiological factor of alveolitis, dental surgeons apply topical antiseptics with a broad spectrum of action such as iodoform and chlorhexidine. As a topical antiseptic drug in the treatment and prevention of oral infectious and inflammatory complications, a domestic antiseptic, Decasan, based on decamethoxine, is becoming more widely applied. Previous studies have shown that this antiseptic has antimicrobial effect against gram-positive and gram-negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; this requires further in-depth studies of its properties, which could be applied in the dental surgical practice to treat and prevent infectious-inflammatory post extraction complications. Chlorhexidine bigluconate is a cationic biguanide. Penetrating into the intracellular membranes of bacteria, it impedes the oxygen consumption and leads to the death of bacterial cells. This antiseptic is widely used in dental practice. Treatment of alveolitis is carried out by using the standard method, namely by using iodoform tamponade of the tooth socket in combination with other medicines. Iodoform (triiodomethane) is a yellow crystalline substance with a strong characteristic odor, practically insoluble in water. In dentistry, this drug is used as an antiseptic in powder form, or combined pastes. The purpose of this in vitro study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Decasan, chlorhexidine and iodoform against museum microbial strains. Materials and methods. Museum strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, obtained from L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, were used as studied cultures of microorganisms. The antimicrobial effect of decasan, chlorhexidine and iodoform was assessed by quantitative method of serial dilutions in broth and agar according to the order №167, dated 5.04.2007 On approval of guidelines “Determination of sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs". Conclusion. According to the data obtained, decasan and chlorhexidine demonstrate higher bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on the studied museum microbial strains at a concentration thousands of times lower than the concentration of iodoform.

The Effectiveness of The Combination of Nanoparticles from Carica papaya L. Leaf and Chitosan 1% Against Fibroblasts in The Tooth Socket of Wistar Rats.

Nanoparticles size can make easier for drugs to enter and react quickly to the body.In this study, nanoparticles Carica papaya L. leaf were used and combined withchitosan 1%. The aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness of thecombination of nanoparticles from Carica papaya L. leaf and chitosan 1% againstfibroblasts in the tooth socket of Wistar rats. Carica papaya L. leaf extract wasmade by maceration method and converted into a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%and 100%, then made into nanoparticles using the nanoemulsion method. Chitosan1% was made using Na-TPP solvent using the ionic gelation method with a ratio of2:1 and after that it was mixed with nanoparticles of Carica papaya L. leaf thenmade into a gel preparation. The ANOVA statistical test shows a significant numberof p <0.05, so it can be ignored that the increase in the number of fibroblast cellsproduced by the nano gel extract is 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, its 138, 173, 177.4and 328. Thus, the combination of 100% Carica papaya L. leaf nanoparticle extractand 1% nanocitosan was the most effective in increasing fibroblast cells on Wistarrat tooth socket.

PATOGENETIC ASPECT OF STUDYING INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS AFTER A TOOTH EXTRACTION OPERATION. Review

Relevance. Inflammation of the socket of the removed tooth is one of the most frequent complications (from 3 to 40%) of the tooth extraction operation. The lack of consensus on the causes of alveolitis and the lack of an established key role of one of the many diverse factors in the pathogenesis of its development make it difficult to carry out effective preventive measures to prevent its development. Objective: To use the literature data to summarize and systematize a variety of views on the etiology, pathogenesis, methods of prevention, and treatment of alveolitis. Materials and methods. The available literary scientific sources are analyzed where modern views on the problems of treating alveolitis are examined. Modern approaches to understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of alveolitis are generalized and systematized. Results. Most authors, analyzing the main causes and accompanying factors of alveolitis, suggest for its prevention: reduce the traumatic nature of the operation, observe aseptic and correct appointments in the postoperative period, and optimize the healing processes of the well using locally diverse medications. Conclusion. The prevention of inflammatory complications after the tooth extraction operation is mainly based on the desire to ensure the formation in the tooth socket of a stable blood clot, which should ensure normal regeneration of damaged tissues.

Temporary Filling of Teeth At Home, When It Is A Dental Emergency and There Is No Dentist

There are populations in which people have to take care of their health for themselves. We can talk about medicine where there are no doctors and dentistry where there are no dentists. The objective of this work is to collect possible products used at home to fill teeth temporarily when it is a dental emergency before a dentist makes the definitive treatment. In our files, Internet search engines, and in various databases (Medline, Scielo), a review of scientific works and information about provisional cement made at home, for filling teeth in an emergency, has been made before being treated by a dentist. Some products that are at home, which can be used for the temporary filling of teeth are cotton, chewing gum, bread (flour), plaster, cement, toothpaste, baking soda, common salt, soap, wax, alcohol, and peroxide. Many of these products are soluble in contact with saliva and others can damage the health of the tooth. To fill teeth temporarily, a cotton swab soaked in alcohol or hydrogen peroxide (due to its disinfection capacity) is usually useful and this could be temporarily covered with plaster or cement. The wax may temporarily prevent food from remaining in the tooth socket or from rubbing its cutting edge on the tongue. Any of the home remedies described for filling teeth are temporary and you should go to the dentist for definitive treatment as soon as possible.

Delayed Healing of Tooth Extraction Sockets with Ramucirumab Use

Objective. An angiogenesis inhibitor can cause medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). To our knowledge, there has been no report that an angiogenesis inhibitor causes delayed healing of tooth extraction socket. Here, we describe a case of delayed healing of tooth extraction sockets associated with an angiogenesis inhibitor, ramucirumab, which showed characteristics similar to MRONJ. Materials and Methods. A 76-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with gastric cancer with liver metastasis, received tooth extraction twice during continuous chemotherapy comprising paclitaxel and ramucirumab. Results. The first extraction was performed 30 days after ramucirumab discontinuation without complication. The second extraction was conducted without ramucirumab discontinuation. Although tooth socket healing was finally achieved, it took about 150 days. Discussion. This case was considered to be delayed healing of dry sockets rather than MRONJ due to ramucirumab. Dentists and oral surgeons need to be aware that angiogenesis inhibitors can cause not only MRONJ but also dry sockets after tooth extraction.

CLINICAL RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF THE DEVELOPED PROTOCOL FOR THE POSTOPERATIVE INTRODUCTION OF THE EXTRACTED TOOTH SOCKET IN A COMPARATIVE ASPECT

Операции удаления зубов это травматическое повреждение тканей, ведущее к ответной реакции организма общего и местного генеза. Организм каждого пациента индивидуален и это отражается в огромном количестве вариантов течения регенерации и репарации, что сказывается на затруднении в предсказании результата планируемого лечения. Предупредить возникновение послеоперационных осложнений возможно при соблюдении ряда основных принципов. Для необходимого восстановления тканей операционной поверхности нужно воссоздать условия для ее первичного заживления. Анализ состояния пациентов после проведения операционного вмешательства, а именно изучение температурной реакции, реакции со стороны периферической крови, исследование гидротопического отека, болевого синдрома, постинъекционной контрактуры жевательных мышц, несомненно, влияет на принятие правильного решения о повторном вмешательстве или внесении изменений в состав поддерживающей терапии. Исследования, которые были направлены на изучение раневого процесса в лунках удаленных зубов, а также совершенствование их послеоперационного ведения, достаточно продолжительно проводятся во всем мире. Задача изучения выбора протокола послеоперационного ведения лунки, необходимого для той или иной клинической ситуации до настоящего времени практически не решена. В статье представлены исследования, которые были направлены на изучение раневого процесса в лунках удаленных зубов, а также совершенствование их послеоперационного ведения. Применен разработанный протокол послеоперационного ведения лунки удаленного зуба в зависимости от клинической ситуации; в основе протокола включены замена классических коллагеновых гемостатических губок на желатиновые губки, импрегнированные 5%-м коллоидным серебром «Gelatamp» Dental extraction surgery is a traumatic tissue injury leading to a response of the body of general and local origin. The body of each patient is individual and this is reflected in a huge number of options for the course of regeneration and repair, which affects the difficulty in predicting the outcome of the planned treatment. Prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications is possible subject to a number of basic principles. For the necessary restoration of tissues of the operating surface, it is necessary to recreate the conditions for its primary healing. The analysis of the patient's condition after surgery, namely the study of the temperature reaction, the reaction from the peripheral blood, the study of hydrotopic edema, pain, post-injection contracture of the masticatory muscles, undoubtedly affects the adoption of the correct decision about re-intervention or making changes to the composition of maintenance therapy. Studies that were aimed at studying the wound process in the wells of extracted teeth, as well as improving their postoperative management, have been conducted for quite a long time all over the world. In this regard, the task of studying the choice of the protocol for postoperative maintenance of the hole required for a particular clinical situation has not yet been practically solved. The article presents studies that were aimed at studying the wound process in the wells of extracted teeth, as well as improving their postoperative management. The developed protocol of postoperative management of the extracted tooth socket was applied depending on the clinical situation; the protocol is based on the replacement of classical collagen hemostatic sponges with gelatin sponges impregnated with 5% gelatamp colloidal silver