Influence of the Diet on the Intestinal Microbiota

Introduction: The microbiota was defined as the set of micro-organisms that coexist in symbiosis in our body and that could be modified by diet, drugs, habits and fulfills functions of metabolism and immunity. Objective: To identify the influence of the diet on the intestinal microbiota. Method: Non-systematic bibliographic review in databases PubMed, Elsevier, Redalyc, Scielo, Google Scholar, La Reference, Scopus, WoS, among others, which included the terms diet, nutrition, intestinal microbiota, joined these terms by the Boolean connectors, in languages such as English and Spanish. Results: Review of articles in relation to the topic and objective of the present literature review study that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: The intestinal microbiota included microorganisms that permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract and others that do it temporarily. Many of the factors that influenced in the composition were dietary habits such and factors such as drinking water, the quality and hygiene of food; and it will also be influenced by the food the person receives at each stage of his live. Conclusion: The diet could produce alterations in the intestinal microbiota through different mechanisms, it also stablished that each person had a unique microbiota that fulfills the same physiological functions and depends on factors such as living conditions, water purity, food hygiene quality, weather an physical activity. Keywords: diet, microbiota, gastrointestinal diseases, metabolism, inmmunity. RESUMEN Introducción: Se define a la microbiota como el conjunto de microoorganismos que conviven en simbiosis en nuestro organismo y que puede ser modificada por la dieta, fármacos, hábitos y cumple funciones de metabolismo e inmunidad. Objetivo: Identificar la influencia de la dieta en la microbiota intestinal. Método: Revisión bibliográfica no sistemática en bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, Redalyc, Scielo, Google Académico, La Referencia, Scopus, WoS, entre otros, que incluyó los términos dieta, nutrición, microbiota intestinal, unidos dichos términos por los conectores booleanos, en idioma inglés y español. Resultados: Revisión de artículos en relación con el tema y objetivo del presente estudio de revisión bibliográfica que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Discusión: La microbiota intestinal incluye microorganismos que colonizan permanentemente el tracto gastrointestinal y otros que lo hacen de manera transitoria. Muchos de los factores que influyen en su composición son hábitos dietéticos y factores como el agua potable, la calidad y la higiene de los alimentos; y también se verá influenciada por la alimentación que recibe el individuo en cada etapa de su vida. Conclusión: La dieta puede producir alteraciones en la microbiota intestinal mediante varios mecanismos, además se establece que cada individuo posee una microbiota única que cumple las mismas funciones fisiológicas y depende de factores como las condiciones de vida, pureza del agua, calidad de higiene de los alimentos, el clima e incluso actividad física. Palabras clave: dieta, microbiota, enfermedades gastrointestinales, metabolismo, inmunidad.

A Review Paper on Design and Fabrication of Belt Oil Skimmer

Oil Skimming Although designs vary, all oil skimmers rely on specific gravity, surface tension and a moving medium to remove floating oil from a fluid’s surface. Floating oil and grease cling to skimming media more readily than water, and water has little affinity for the media. This allows skimming media in the shape of a belt, disk, drum, etc. to pass through a fluid surface to pick up floating oil and grease with very little water. This oily material is subsequently removed from the media with wiper blades or pinch rollers. Oil skimmers are simple, dependable and effective tools for removing oil, grease and other hydrocarbons from water and coolants. Often, an oil skimmer by itself can achieve the desired level of water purity. In more demanding situations, oil skimming is a cost-effective means of removing most of the oil before using more complicated and costly treatments such as coalescers, membrane filters and chemical processes. Grease skimming involves higher viscosity hydrocarbons. Oil skimmers must be equipped with heaters powerful enough to keep grease fluid for discharge. If the floating grease has formed into solid clumps or mats, a spray bar, aerator or mechanical apparatus can be used to break up grease mats and facilitate removal. This topic describes the development of the OS with typical working model.

Water contamination in an energy balance model of climate with coupled iceline

Budyko's energy balance model with coupled iceline is a historic system of differential equations, which incorporates water albedo as a major determinant to climate trends. In this class of models, the position of the Earth's iceline, and its coupling with temperature, play a very important role in determining long term climate patterns (which may range between extremes such as a water covered or an ice covered Earth, but also allow for stable states with intermediate icelines). Some extensions of this model have specifically focused on studying the contribution of greenhouse effects to the temperature-iceline long term dynamics. Our model builds upon this existing work, and studies in a computational setup the potential effects of global perturbations in ocean water purity. We found that small changes in physical parameters such as water salinity or chemical/biological contamination may lead to sizeable changes in long term climatic outcomes. Moreover, these effects appear to be enhanced when occurring in combination, and even more so when in the presence of elevated greenhouse effects.

Change in ecological water quality of West Dvina River under the impact of urban waste water

In determining the quality of surface waters and, first of all, rivers, along with physical and chemical pollution, the analysis of the hydrobiological component of river ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. The aim of the work was to assess the ecological quality of the river ecosystems from the impact of wastewater discharge from the cities of Vitebsk, Polotsk and Novopolotsk on the Western Dvina River based on the macrozoobenthos community. The studied river sections are inhabited by rare for Belarus and protected in Europe species of aquatic organisms. A relatively high abundance (from 30 to 80 %) of the group of rheophilic species Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera was noted, which represent the three highest priority indicator groups of aquatic organisms. Biotic indices and the water purity class of the r. Western Dvina were determined. In accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive, the water purity class at the studied stations has a good and high value. It is concluded that the negative impact of wastewater from the cities of Vitebsk, Polotsk and Novopolotsk has a very local significance and weakly affects the biota and the ecological quality of the water of the Western Dvina River already at a distance of 18 km. below the discharge of water from the treatment facilities of the Novopolotsk refinery.

Analysis on the Water Supply Chain Model under Revenue-Sharing Contract considering Marketing Effort, Water Purity

A two-tier water supply chain including a manufacturer and a retailer under revenue-sharing contract is constructed. And the contribution of the model is that marketing effort and water purity has been considered. First, four models including the centralized model (model B) and decentralized models (models BM, I, and II) are established and analyzed. Second, the Stackelberg game model is used to discuss the pricing strategy of water supply chain members in centralized and decentralized scenarios. The comparison results show that revenue-sharing contract is beneficial to improve the level of product greening, the profit of supply chain members, and the overall profit of the water supply chain compared with model BM. However, it leads to the decrease of retailers’ green marketing efforts and the wholesale price of water. In addition, revenue-sharing contract through bargaining makes bigger influence than revenue-sharing contract. Marketing can stimulate the increase of the green product’s market demand on one hand, and on the other hand, it generates the amount of marketing cost. In this study, the profit is that marketing produces cannot offset the cost that it brings. Thus, it will be important to take some measures to make up the loss that marketing generated.

Chromatic Toxicity Bioassay of Water through Bacterial Ferricyanide Reduction

Water quality assessment demands a precise anatomization of specimens that comply with acclaimed water purity standards. Today, the growing number of toxicants and their synergistic consequences make it necessary to develop general toxicity assays able to examine and determine water pollution. Contemporary general toxicity methods hinder specimen analysis due to their prolonged operation protocols. Also, the equipment involved is very expensive that not everyone can afford it. In an effort to resolve these drawbacks, a quick and cost effective toxicity bioassay based on chromatic changes related to bacterial ferricyanide reduction is introduced here. E.coli cells (Model Bacteria) were stably confined on four supports: Cellulose-based Paper Discs, Silica 60, Polystyrene, and Acrylic Beads, which remained useful for a long period at -20ºC. Copper was used as a model toxic agent to perform Bioassay Assessment. Chromatic changes related to bacterial ferricyanide reduction were determined by visual inspection. Cellulose Paper Discs, Polystyrene, and Acrylic beads showed good results and better viability, while Silica 60 proved itself as a weak support and resulted in poor viability.