Bio-Waste Curd Water as a Greener Protocol for the Synthesis of Biginelli Products at Ambient Temperature

A highly efficient, greener and reusable protocol has been developed for the Biginelli reaction. The biowaste curd water employed as a green solvent as well as catalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives. The soluble organic acid (i.e. lactic acid) responsible for the acidity to curd water which adequately fulfills the purpose of acid catalyzed reaction, where three component coupling of aldehyde, urea and ethyl acetoacetate reacted together in the presence of curd water at a low temperature and yields classical dihydropyrimidinones derivatives. During the reaction, continuous product formation and isolation was observed. The product precipitate was separated by the successive method of filtration. This bio-waste water catalyzed method is highly retrievable and advantageous over the trend of high-temperature Bronsted acid/metal acid catalyzed reactions offering the product. Compared with the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method has the advantage of good yields (76-82%) and short reaction time (2-3 hours)

Assessing the archaeological sites’ cultural layer preservation by the methods of multi-zone aerial photography, ground-based sounding and cartography

Arranging effective state protection of historical and cultural heritage objects requires developing modern methods of identifying archaeological sites and determining their boundaries. To solve this task, an algorithm of interdisciplinary research based on the analysis of multispectral data obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed. To search for areas of the surface-transformed and substituted cultural layer, it is proposed to use a processing method based on the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. Using the Shannon–Kotelnikov wavelet function to study the medieval Kushman settlement of Uchkakar enabled assessing the preservation of the cultural layer in various parts of the settlement. The correctness of the proposed interpretation is confirmed by the data of geophysical studies, soil drilling and materials of archaeological excavations. Complex application of multispectral aerial photography, geophysics and soil investigation made it possible to obtain reliable cartographic information on the boundaries of the archaeological sites and the preservation of their cultural layer in a short time. The effectiveness of the algorithm is that each successive method verifies the previously obtained data and at the same time supplements the information on the archaeological sites.

Review of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter Topologies and Analysis of Harmonics Distortions in FC-MLI

We review the most common topology of multi-level inverters. As is known, the conventional inverters are utilized to create an alternating current (AC) source from a direct current (DC) source. The two-level inverter provides various output voltages [(Vdc/2) and (−Vdc/2)] of the load. It is a successive method, but it makes the harmonic distortion of the output side, Electromagnetic interference (EMI), and high dv/dt. We solve this problem by constructing the sinusoidal voltage waveform. This is achieved by a “multilevel inverter” (MLI). The multilevel inverter creates the output voltage with multiple DC voltages as inputs. Many voltage levels are combined to produce a smoother waveform. During the last decade, the multilevel inverter has become very popular in medium and high-power applications with some advantages, such as the reduced power dissipation of switching elements, low harmonics, and low EMIs. We introduce the information about several multilevel inverters such as the diode-clamped multilevel inverter (DC-MLI), cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHB-MLI), and flying-capacitor multilevel inverter (FC-MLI) with Power systems CAD (PSCAD) simulation. It is shown that THD is 28.88% in three level FC-MLI while THD is 18.56% in five level topology. Therefore, we can decrease the total harmonic distortion adopting the higher-level topology.

Analisa Pencarian Data *.Doc pada Komputer Menerapkan Metode Sequensial With Sentinel

In the development of computers often encounter problems about how to get a data in a large data set and various types of data. In its need to find that data, there are various search algorithms, namely the sequential with Sentinel method. Searching is data search by searching where the data is searched. The place for searching the data can be an array in memory, it can also be in a file in external storage. When the amount of data is already so large, a method is needed to get the data needed. Several methods of organizing data have made the process of finding data more efficient. In the problem that often occurs a lot of lost doc data dimension or forget the name of the stored data and therefore applied how to find doc document data that is on the computer. A data contained in the storage media with this search method is created using a search algorithm that uses successive method so that the data sought knows its whereabouts. in overcoming the problem is applied The method of doc data extension can be done in two ways, namely internal search (internal searching) and external search (external searching). In an internal search, all records that are known to be in a computer reminder are on an external search, not all records that are known to be in a computer reminder.

FILTRATION MODEL OF OIL CONING IN A BOTTOM WATER-DRIVE RESERVOIR

The purpose of the paper is the substantiation of the application of the oil coning technology in the process of the hydrodynamic simulation of the successive method, which includes the perforation of the casing below the level of oil-water contact; the drawing of water from the lower water-saturated part of the reservoir; the isolation of this perforation interval; the drilling-in of the near-caprock oil-saturated part of the reservoir and the production of near-caprock oil. The leading approach to the research of this problem is the method of filtration modeling of the oil and water coning processes in the reservoir. As a result of the study, a hydrodynamic model of a well has been created, which corresponds to the requirements of the visualization of the process, the authenticity and the possibility to control the necessary parameters of the model and to estimate the effectiveness of the technology.

KEEFEKTIFAN METODE SILIH TANYA MODEL KOMPETISI BIASA JENIS 1 ANTAR MAHASISWA PADA MATERI RUANG VEKTOR MATAKULIAH ALJABAR LINEAR ELEMENTER SEMESTER V

This study is an experimental study with quantitatively descriptive approach which aims to describe the effectiveness of learning using wondering successive method with regular competition model of type 1 among students on vector space material. The subjects of this study are fifth semester students of mathematical education programe in STKIP PGRI Bangkalan. The Results of study are analyzed descriptively to see the lecturer's ability in managing learning process, student’s activity and the completeness of learning result classical. The results of study show that the used method is effective to implement on vector space material. This conclusion is based on several things, namely (1) the lecturer's ability in managing learning process is effective, student’s activity is effective and the classical completeness of learning result is achieved.