Identifying Actual Users in a Web Surfing Session using Tracing and Tracking

The World Wide Web (www) has become an interactive medium for millions of Internet users across the world, daily visiting occur for various purposes. However, their behavior could be monitored by various service providers or company’s website they visited for several purposes. Thus, we can see that if certain data pre-processing techniques are practiced correctly, results will be of high quality and in turn provide substantial evidence of the user and its web session. This paper provides a way of knowing user behavior on the web. It explains the use of cookies: Cookies allow you to do many things such as log on to Internet Banking, have us 'remember' your log-in preferences, when logging on, a pop-up window appears stating the service is not available and to try later. A misspelled domain name in the address line. Lotteries that charge a fee to collect your winnings, apply for products and services online, and use financial tools like our ‘find and compare’ mortgage calculators., servers, and proxy logs with some scripting to be able not only to get a user’s IP address but also get personal information like age, identity, and any other credential as long as the user puts them down while using the web.

No leader is an island: contextual antecedents to line managers' constructive and destructive leadership during an organizational intervention

PurposeLine managers can make or break organizational interventions, yet little is known about what makes them turn in either direction. As leadership does not occur in a vacuum, it has been suggested that the organizational context plays an important role. Building on the intervention and leadership literature, we examine if span of control and employee readiness for change are related to line managers' leadership during an organizational intervention.Design/methodology/approachLeadership is studied in terms of intervention-specific constructive, as well as passive and active forms of destructive, leadership behaviors. As a sample, we use employees (N = 172) from 37 groups working at a process industry plant. Multilevel analyses over two time points, with both survey and organizational register data were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results revealed that span of control was negatively related to constructive leadership and positively related to passive destructive leadership during the intervention. Employee readiness for change was positively related to constructive leadership, and negatively related to both passive and active destructive leadership.Practical implicationsOur findings suggest that contextual factors need to be assessed and considered if we want line managers to engage in constructive rather than destructive leadership during interventions.Originality/valueThe present study is the first to address line managers' making or breaking of organizational interventions by examining the influence of context on both their destructive and constructive leadership.

Design of parallel and pipelined DA based OBC fir filter for software defined radio

Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a new technology used to implement different wireless communication standard for mobile communication. The Intermediate Frequency (IF) block is the most demanding block in software defined radio. The most important task in intermediate processing block is digital filtering which is carried out by Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. One of the major techniques for the calculation of inner product is Distributed Arithmetic (DA) based FIR filter which uses Look Up Table (LUT) to eliminate the need of multiplier. The efficiency of the DA filter is affected with the increasing number of address line and also due to its serial operation. To overcome this problem parallel and pipeline based DA filter using Offset Binary Coding (OBC) for Two Bit At A Time (2-BAAT) is proposed. Our proposed method achieves less area, low power consumption and nominal delay for SDR application.

Research of Fire Alarm System Based on RFID and Temperature Sensors

RFID (radio frequency identification) chips are usually called electronic volume label or radio frequency volume label. Now a new transponder is developed and it can accurately measure the surroundings pressure, temperature and humidity. Besides, it can complete the function of sensor by combining with RFID chips, which make the transponder can monitor the change of pressure, temperature and humidity and this information can be sent to reading device through RFID chip. This paper combines this technology and fire alarm system to prevent fires. This system connects RFID chips CC2430 sensor with each temperature sensor DS18b20. DS18b20 is placed in the area needed to be monitored according to certain order, and the single way is employed to connect every CC2430 module. The temperature sensor DS18b20 and its connection with CC2430 chips hardware are very practical and simple. We combine its address line, control line, and data line into one signal line which can be controlled individually and just needs CC2430 1 root I/O lines.

Are Supine Chest and Abdominal Radiographs the Best Way to Confirm PICC Placement in Neonates?

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are commonly used in NICUs. Although they have many benefits, they also have many potential complications. Confirming catheter tip position is essential to decreasing complications, but the best method to achieve confirmation is unclear.Objectives: Literature review for studies that address line position confirmation to assist health care providers in evaluating the available research and to identify gaps in the literature.Method: A literature search of four major databases followed by an ancestry approach was performed. Articles reviewed specifically discuss PICC lines and PICC line placement confirmation.Results: Data on confirming PICC placement were lacking. Fluoroscopic placement is ideal, but cannot be done at the bedside and is costly. Supine chest radiograph is the most widely used method and is convenient, but when line tip position is unclear, contrast or ultrasound confirmation can be used. When PICC lines are placed in the saphenous vein, infants may benefit from supine and lateral abdominal radiographs to ensure placement in the inferior vena cava.Discussion: More studies are needed to generalize findings. PICC line tips should be located in the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava close to the junction with the right atrium (0.5–1 cm outside of the cardiac chambers in premature infants and 1–2 cm outside of the cardiac chambers in larger infants). Arm position is very important when performing radiographs for placement because movement of the arm can cause migration of the catheter. There is also significant inter-observer variability when identifying line tip position.

A new digital attenuator system for hybrid computers

Digital attenuators are simple multiplying digital-to-analog converters used to replace coefficient-setting potentiome ters in modern analog/hybrid computers. This report de scribes a new digital attenuator system employing low- phase-shift miniature metal-film ladder networks. They are switched by latching reed relays which give the system a nondestructive coefficient memory even when the com puter is switched off. New digital control logic employs serial data transmission and requires only one address line per 14-bit attenuator. It permits one to set all 200 attenuators of a typical hybrid computer installation within 20 milliseconds. For maximum contact life, relay contacts are switched only when no current is flowing. The digital computer static-check routine can readily check individual relays to simplify maintenance. Particular emphasis in this report is on a digital-attenu ator system designed for a very fast repetitive computer in the Analog/Hybrid Computing Laboratory at the Uni versity of Arizona. The same design approach is readily applied to "slow" analog computers and appears to be even more advantageous there.