The ribbon architecture of the Golgi apparatus is not restricted to vertebrates

The Golgi apparatus plays a central role as a processing and sorting station along the secretory pathway. In multicellular organisms, this organelle displays two structural organizations, whereby its functional subunits, the mini-stacks, are either dispersed throughout the cell or linked into a centralized structure, called Golgi “ribbon”. The Golgi ribbon is considered to be a feature typical of vertebrate cells. Here we report that this is not the case. We show that sea urchin embryonic cells assemble Golgi ribbons during early development. Sea urchins are deuterostomes, the bilaterian animal clade to which chordates, and thus vertebrates, also belong.Far from being a structural innovation of vertebrates, the Golgi ribbon therefore appears to be an ancient cellular feature evolved before the split between echinoderms and chordates. Evolutionary conservation of the ribbon architecture surmises that it must play fundamental roles in the biology of deuterostomes.

Analysis of the main problems in handling transit trains at the out-of-class sorting station Yekaterinburg-Sortirovochny

The article deals with the main problems of handling transit trains at a large out-of-class sorting station of the Sverdlovsk railway Yekaterinburg-Sortirovochny. The analysis of all possible current problems in the promotion of transit cargo was made, and promising ways of solving them are developed and proposed. The Yekaterinburg-Sortirovochny station has a huge potential and plays an important role in the international relations of modern Russia with China, as it is located within the Eurasian Transport Corridor connecting Moscow and Beijing. At present, the speed of cargo handling and delivery in transit trains within the transport corridor also affects the strengthening of international relations. It is concluded that it is necessary to reduce the downtime of transit trains at the station and introduce a new structure for their handling.

Improvement of Technique for Designing Sorting Slides for Formalization in Software Products

For stable and rhythmic operation of the sorting station, the design of a sorting slide is necessary. The parameters of the sorting slide during design are determined in accordance with the methodology “Rules and norms for the design of sorting devices for 1520 mm gauge railways". The estimated height should provide the most difficult route of the sorting park. The results of the analysis of the methodology for determining the difficult from the point of view of rolling the sorting park path are presented, a formula is proposed that simplifies the procedure for determining such a path. It is possible to transfer calculations to a computer program even in the process of developing a neck plan for a sorting park.

Decision-making in conditions of expansion of eco-innovations based on the socioeconomic effects in the system “company-region-state”

The article examines the current issues of managing the effectiveness of eco-innovations and their impact on the “company-region-state” system using the example of waste management in Ukraine. The goal of the article is to justify the choice of an effective eco-innovation financing strategy, in which the most significant socio-economic effect is achieved for the investor. Systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problems of innovation management enables to determine an appropriate strategy to support resource-efficient activities in the region considering the economic efficiency of eco-innovations. The choice of mathematically sound management decisions in the system “company-region-state” should be made in respect with the consequences for the sustainable development of the region. The article presents the developed approach to calculating the sequence of investment in the management of eco-innovations using the example of solid waste management. The research methods are based on systematic approach, decision theory, and the Bellman dynamic equation. The system of innovations concerning solid waste management in the city of Sumy was profoundly studied. The research empirically confirms that the most effective strategy is to build a waste sorting station using a separate waste collection. The results of the study also substantiate that the implementation of solid waste separate collection in the city of Sumy currently requires a change in investment approach. AcknowledgmentThis research was prepared as a part of the scientific project “Modeling the Transfer of Eco-Innovations in the Enterprise-Region-State System: Impact on Ukraine’s Economic Growth and Security” (No. 0119U100364) and “Development of fundamental principles of reproduction mechanism of the social and economic development during the Third industrial revolution” (No. 0118U003578), which were financed by the state budget of Ukraine.

Idle Time Optimization for Target Assignment and Path Finding in Sortation Centers

In this paper, we study the one-shot and lifelong versions of the Target Assignment and Path Finding problem in automated sortation centers, where each agent needs to constantly assign itself a sorting station, move to its assigned station without colliding with obstacles or other agents, wait in the queue of that station to obtain a parcel for delivery, and then deliver the parcel to a sorting bin. The throughput of such centers is largely determined by the total idle time of all stations since their queues can frequently become empty. To address this problem, we first formalize and study the one-shot version that assigns stations to a set of agents and finds collision-free paths for the agents to their assigned stations. We present efficient algorithms for this task based on a novel min-cost max-flow formulation that minimizes the total idle time of all stations in a fixed time window. We then demonstrate how our algorithms for solving the one-shot problem can be applied to solving the lifelong problem as well. Experimentally, we believe to be the first researchers to consider real-world automated sortation centers using an industrial simulator with realistic data and a kinodynamic model of real robots. On this simulator, we showcase the benefits of our algorithms by demonstrating their efficiency and effectiveness for up to 350 agents.

OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY OF WORK WITH ANGULAR VOLUMES IN BILATERAL SORTING STATION KOCHETOVKA

The reduction of corner car traffic at Kochetovka station is an important component of a set of measures that contribute to improving the processing capacity and rhythm of the station. The main disadvantage of the station is that the station systems are separated by main tracks, which produce significant passenger and freight traffic, and therefore difficult shunting and work with angular gears. In article schemes of processing of angular car streams were considered and the most rational is chosen

A highly dynamic F-actin network regulates transport and recycling of micronemes in Toxoplasma gondii vacuoles

The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii replicates in an unusual process, described as internal budding. Multiple dausghter parasites are formed sequentially within a single mother cell, requiring replication and distribution of essential organelles such as micronemes. These organelles are thought to be formed de novo in the developing daughter cells. Using dual labelling of a microneme protein MIC2 and super-resolution microscopy, we show that micronemes are recycled from the mother to the forming daughter parasites using a highly dynamic F-actin network. While this recycling pathway is F-actin dependent, de novo synthesis of micronemes appears to be F-actin independent. The F-actin network connects individual parasites, supports long, multidirectional vesicular transport, and regulates transport, density and localisation of micronemal vesicles. The residual body acts as a storage and sorting station for these organelles. Our data describe an F-actin dependent mechanism in apicomplexans for transport and recycling of maternal organelles during intracellular development.