Isochoric specific heat in the Dual Model of Liquids and comparison with the Phonon theory of Liquid Thermodynamics

We continue in this paper to illustrate the implications of the Dual Model of Liquids (DML) by deriving the expression for the isochoric specific heat as a function of the collective degrees of freedom available at a given temperature and comparing it with the analogous expression obtained in the Phonon Theory of Liquid Thermodynamics. The Dual Model of Liquids has been recently proposed as a model describing the dynamics of liquids at the mesoscopic level. Bringing together the early pictures of Brillouin and Frenkel and the recent experimental outcomes obtained by means of high energy scattering, liquids are considered in the DML as constituted by a population of wave packets, responsible for the propagation of elastic and thermal perturbations, and of dynamic aggregates of molecules, in continuous re-arrangement, diving in an ocean of amorphous, disordered liquid. The collective degrees of freedom contribute to the exchange of energy and momentum between the material particles and the lattice particles, which the liquids are supposed to be composed of in the DML.First, we show that the expression obtained for the specific heat in the DML is in line with the experimental results. Second, its comparison with that of the Phonon Theory of Liquid Thermodynamics allows getting interesting insights about the limiting values of the collective degrees of freedom and on that of the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, two quantities that appear related to each other in this framework

Note on consistency between Kalogerakis–Sharma Mechanism (KSM) and two-step mechanism of atmospheric band emission (762 nm)

For more than 30 years, a two-step mechanism was used to explain observed Atmospheric band emission (762 nm) in mesopause region. A new mechanism, which leads to the formation of electronically excited molecular oxygen that gives this emission, was proposed recently. We show, based on an analytical solution, that the fit-functions for Atmospheric band volume emission in the case of the two-step mechanism and the new Kalogerakis–Sharma Mechanism (KSM) have analogous expression. This derivation solves the problem of consistency between the well-known two-step mechanism and the newly proposed KSM.

A Heart for Trees

Thoreau did have a stern and prickly side. But trees brought out another side. They stirred a boyish joy in his heart and drew bursts of praise from his pen. Their postures and colors delighted him; leaves and lichen elicited his awe. Thoreau found an “inexpressible happiness” and “barely repressed mirth” in the woods. Autumn exhilarated him. The trees’ riotous fall colors set off in him “an analogous expression of joy and hilarity.” He called trees his friends and even “sentient beings” and his “distant relations.” As “stimulants of cheer,” they were his allies in his struggles against despair.

Torsion constraints from cosmological magnetic field and QCD domain walls

Earlier Kostelecky [Phys. Rev. D 69, 105009 (2004)] has investigated the role of gravitational sector in Riemann–Cartan (RC) spacetime with torsion, in Lorentz and CPT violating (LV) Standard Model extension (SME). In his paper use of quantum electrodynamic (QED) extension in RC spacetime is made. More recently L. C. Garcia de Andrade [Phys. Lett. B 468, 28 (2011)] obtained magnetic field galactic dynamo seeds in the bosonic sector with massless photons, which proved to decay faster than necessary [Phys. Lett. B 711, 143 (2012)] to be able to seed galactic dynamos. In this paper it is shown that by using the fermionic sector of Kostelecky–Lagrangian and torsion written as a chiral current, one obtains torsion and magnetic fields explicitly from a Heisenberg–Ivanenko form of Dirac equation whose solution allows us to express torsion in terms of LV coefficients and magnetic field in terms of fermionic matter fields. When minimal coupling between electromagnetic and torsion fields is used it is shown that the fermionic sector of QED with torsion leads to resonantly amplify magnetic fields which mimics an α2-dynamo mechanism. Fine-tuning of torsion is shown to result in the dynamo reversal, a phenomenon so important in solar physics and geophysics. Of course this is only an analogy since torsion is very weak in solar and geophysics contexts. An analogous expression for the α-effect of mean-field dynamos is also obtained where the α-effect is mimic by torsion. Similar resonant amplification mechanisms connected to early universe have been considered by Finelli and Gruppuso.

A Fast Quad-Tree Based Two Dimensional Hierarchical Clustering

Recently, microarray technologies have become a robust technique in the area of genomics. An important step in the analysis of gene expression data is the identification of groups of genes disclosing analogous expression patterns. Cluster analysis partitions a given dataset into groups based on specified features. Euclidean distance is a widely used similarity measure for gene expression data that considers the amount of changes in gene expression. However, the huge number of genes and the intricacy of biological networks have highly increased the challenges of comprehending and interpreting the resulting group of data, increasing processing time. The proposed technique focuses on a QT based fast 2-dimensional hierarchical clustering algorithm to perform clustering. The construction of the closest pair data structure is an each level is an important time factor, which determines the processing time of clustering. The proposed model reduces the processing time and improves analysis of gene expression data.

A note on point source diffraction by a wedge

The object of this paper is to give new expressions for the wave field produced when a time harmonic point source is diffracted by a wedge with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions on its faces. The representation of the total field is expressed in terms of quadratures of elementary functions, rather than Bessel functions, which is usual in the literature. An analogous expression is given for the three-dimensional free-space Green's function.

X-RAY ABSORPTION MAGNETIC CIRCULAR DICHROISM: SIMPLIFIED SPIN-ALIGNMENT ANALYSIS OF F ELECTRON SYSTEMS

A simplified expression relating branching ratios to spin-alignment and circular polarization is presented for X-ray absorption in the rare-earth and actinide elements. This approximate method, while probably of less comprehensive utility than the analogous expression for 3d materials, can still provide useful information under many conditions, particularly limiting case situations. Analysis of gadolinium data will demonstrate the utility of this method.

The Phrases in the New Testament

Such metaphorical expressions as υióς εlρήvής (Luke x. 6) and (John xvii. 12) are usually explained by commentators as Hebraisms or translation-Greek, despite the caution given by A. Deissmann (Bible Studies, trans. Alexander Grieve, 2nd ed., Edinburgh, 1909, pp. 161–6) and MoultonMilligan (The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament, London, 1952, p. 649), who suggested that the N.T. examples could readily be accounted for on ‘the theory of analogical formations’. In support they cite from the inscriptions such examples as υióς πóλεως, υiòς toū ńμoυ Deissmann also stated that his attention had been called ‘to the in the Tragedians, and filius fortunae in Horace’, p. 166. He does not cite the passages, but the Hecuba of Euripides contains an analogous expression. Hecuba cries out to Polyxena: , ‘O daughter of an untimely and lamentable fate’, 425. The correctness of Deissmann's observation is now further vindicated by Papyrus Bodmer IV (Bodmeriana Bibliotheca, 1958), which contains an almost complete text of Menander's Dyscolos. In this play a slave Pyrrhias had been sent by Sostratus to beg the hand of Cnemon's daughter. Pyrrhias receives a rather rough welcome and returns to his master shouting: ‘He is a madman, one possessed, a lunati’, 88, 89.

Flow in pipes and between parallel planes

In a recent paper Goldstein (1937) discusses the distribution of velocity in turbulent flow of a fluid flowing under pressure through a pipe and between parallel planes. To do this he makes the following assumptions: (1) There is a mixture length l which controls the transport of momentum or vorticity, and this is determined by Kármán's expression l = k du / dy / d 2 u / dy 2 for flow between parallel, and by the analogous expression l = k du / dr / ( d 2 u / dr 2 - 1/ r du dr ) for the pipe. (2) In the case of the pipe he assumes that the turbulent components are symmetrical about the axis of the pipe and confined entirely to axial planes, so that no particle can ever cross the axis.