Recent advances in biotransformation by Cunninghamella species

: The goal of the biotransformation process is to develop structural changes and generate new chemical compounds, which can occur naturally in mammalian and microbial organisms, such as filamentous fungi, and represent a tool to achieve enhanced bioactive compounds. Cunninghamella spp is among the fungal models most widely used in biotransformation processes at phase I and II reactions, mimicking the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in mammals and generating new molecules based on substances of natural and synthetic origin. Therefore, the goal of this review is to highlight the studies involving the biotransformation of Cunninghamella species between January 2015 and March 2021, in addition to updating existing studies to identify the similarities between the human metabolite and Cunninghamella patterns of active compounds, with related advantages and challenges, and providing new tools for further studies in this scope.

Study of the composition of drugs for the treatment of diseases of the nose cavity

Drugs of group R01, according to the АTC- classification used in the treatment of diseases of the nasal cavity by composition and dosage form, were studied. The dependence of the therapeutic effect of drugs on the chemical structure of the active substance, possible combinations of active substances belonging to different pharmacological groups (sympathomimetics, corticosteroids, and antihistamines), which determine their specific effect on the human body, are analyzed. These active substances are found in both mono- and multi-component drugs. In combination drugs, other compounds of natural and synthetic origin are also used to enhance the therapeutic effect.

BONE SUBSTITUTES IN 3D PRINTING OF BONE SCAFFOLDS FOR GUIDED BONE REGENERATION

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to:Highlight the difficulty of using a bone (autologous, allograft) in tissue engineering.Present the different bone substitutes (of natural or synthetic origin used in guided bone regeneration alone or in combination.Describe the different materials and 3D printing techniques of bone scaffolds for bone regeneration. Material And Methods: Research to the Scaffolds and its use in dentistry between January 2012 and December 2020 in Medline via PubMed, Google Translate, Google Library. Results:38 articles were found in the database with the following keywords: bone, 3D regeneration, scaffolds, 3D impression. Conclusion:It is generally accepted that the problems and challenges in the development and application of 3D printing can be solved by printing 3D scaffolds.

Amino- and Diamino-9,10-Anthracenedione Derivatives: Biofocus and Applied Advantages – A Mini-Review

9,10-Anthracenediones an important class among quinonic compounds of natural and synthetic origin with many applications. Amino- and diaminosubstituted 9,10-anthracenediones are one of the main classes among 9,10-anthracenedione derivatives. Primarily, they are the key structures for obtaining various dyes. Besides applying their dye properties, aminoanthracenediones became the objects for searching for new biologically active compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, immunostimulating, and antiprotozoal activity in medical chemistry. However, amino- and diamino-substituted 9,10-anthracenediones are widely used as analytical reagents, color, and metal indicators. Areas of the practical application of these compounds are constantly expanding. This mini-review dedicates the advantages of amino- and diamino-9,10-anthracenediones derivatives as biologically active compounds and substances with applied application in various fields.

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Diabetic Foot: Pathophysiological Findings and Recent Developments in Their Inhibitors of Natural as well as Synthetic Origin

Management of diabetic foot remains a major challenge for healthcare system. Though wound healing is a multiphase process and involved multiple biomarkers that acts in stepwise manner, pathophysiology diabetic foot ulcers is still not much clear and need standardization. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are often linked with non-healing characteristic of diabetic foot ulcers. They play vital roles in various phases of healing process. Major functions are removal of damaged extracellular matrix in inflammatory phase, breakdown of capillary basement membrane prior to angiogenesis and facilitation in fibroblast migration during proliferation phase. For efficient healing, these enzymes are needed in certain amount only. Imbalance of these enzymes leads to excessive degradation which has been linked with the non-healing nature of diabetic ulcers. This chapter will shed light on the role of MMP’s in various phases of wound healing and the inhibitors of MMP’s from natural as well as synthetic origin. It would help researchers and physicians to the understand nature of diabetic foot more clearly and design of strategies for diabetic foot management.

The Use of Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) in the Delivery of Drugs: A Review

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a hydrophilic polymer widely employed as a carrier in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and nutraceutical fields. Up to now, several PVP-based systems have been developed to deliver different active principles, of both natural and synthetic origin. Various formulations and morphologies have been proposed using PVP, including microparticles and nanoparticles, fibers, hydrogels, tablets, and films. Its versatility and peculiar properties make PVP one of the most suitable and promising polymers for the development of new pharmaceutical forms. This review highlights the role of PVP in drug delivery, focusing on the different morphologies proposed for different polymer/active compound formulations. It also provides detailed information on active principles and used technologies, optimized process parameters, advantages, disadvantages, and final applications.

Influence of Coupling Agent in Mechanical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene/Bamboo Fiber Composites: Under Natural Outdoor Aging

Researches on thermoplastic composites using natural fiber as reinforcement are increasing, but studies of durability over time are scarce. In this sense the objective of this study is to evaluate changes in the properties of polypropylene/bamboo fiber (PP/BF) composite and the influence of the use of coupling agent (CA) in these composites after natural ageing. The PP/BF (70/30 wt) composites and 3% wt CA (citric acid from natural origin and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene from petrochemical origin) were prepared by using an internal mixer chamber and then injection-molded. The samples were exposed to natural weathering for a total period of 12 months and characterized before and after exposure. All exposed composites experienced a decrease in their properties, however, the use of CA promoted more stability; in mechanical properties, the composites with CA showed lower loss about 23% in Young′s modulus, 18% in tensile stress at break, and 6% in impact strength. This behavior was similar in thermal and physical properties, the result for the CA of natural origin being similar to that of synthetic origin. These results indicate that the use of a CA may promote higher interaction between the fiber and the polymer. In addition, the CAs of organic origin and synthetic origin exhibited similar responses to natural ageing.