The Nexus between Transformational Leadership and Team Effectiveness: A Conceptual Review

Transformational leaders motivate followers to achieve performance beyond expectations by transforming their attitudes, beliefs, and values as opposed to simply gaining compliance. Transformational leadership was conceptualized as being composed by four independent dimensions, known as the four “I”s : inspirational motivation (the sense of drive that the leader inspires in followers and that produces additional, goal-oriented energy for the group or organization), intellectual stimulation (the boost in creativity in followers that the leader stimulates by encouraging an independent and innovative way of thinking), idealized influence (exemplary behaviour of the leader that generates respect and trust and makes followers proud of their group and organization), and individualized consideration (perception that the leader genuinely cares for followers and their well-being). This paper examines the nexus between transformational leadership and team effectiveness.

Multivariate Analysis of the Factors That Influence Strategic Management Practices Among Commercial Banks in Nigeria

Strategic management has been widely recognised as very potent tools for enhancing organizational performance, productivity and competitive advantage of organizations’. Therefore, this study explores the use of one of the multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis) to determine factors that influence the strategic management practices of commercial banks in Nigeria. The study was guided by one objective and one research question. The descriptive survey research design was adopted and the population of the study comprised 1164 employees in the seventeen (17) commercial banks in Nigeria and a sample size of 298 employees of commercial banks was estimated using Taro Yamane Formula. The instrument used in data collection was Factors Affecting Strategic Management Practices Questionnaire (FASMPQ). The instrument was validated by experts and reliability of the instruments was established using Cronbach Alpha and result yielded reliability coefficient of 0.84. Data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the result revealed that political and legal environment, demography, socio-cultural environment, economic environment and technological environment were the five major factors that influence strategic management practices. The findings also showed that environmental factors have major influence on strategic management practices among commercial banks in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended among other things that commercial banks in the study area should focus on the environmental factor such as political and legal environment, technological environment, economic environment, global and socio-cultural environment as these influence strategic management practices in commercial banks in Nigeria.

Social Media and Public Relations Counselling Of Higher School Top Management in Nigeria

Social media have improved the operations of public relations. The ability of social media to elicit immediate feedback has made social media veritable tools in the hands of public relations practitioners in counselling school management on corporate policies. This study explores the pattern of social media usage by public relations practitioners. It shows the level of impact made with the use of social media in public relations practice in influencing management on corporate policies. The study was guided by diffusion of innovation theory and system theory. Diffusion of innovation theory offers a solid and replicable framework for the process of moving an innovation through a social system over time. System theory deals with the interactivity that exist in an organisation as a social system. Using the descriptive design, questionnaire was administered on 170 purposively selected public relations practitioners in some selected institutions of higher learning across the country but only 120 responded. Findings show that public relations practitioners use social media in influencing top school management on corporate policies. This is evident as all the respondents affirmed that they use social media such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram, among others to inform and influence top school management on corporate policies. The study concludes that social media are potent tools in influencing school’s policy formulation and implementation. The study recommends that institutions of higher learning should formulate and implement productive ICT policies and public relations practitioners should be trained regularly on the use of social media with a consequent expectation of migrating from the analogue to digital culture.

Psychological Impact of Downsizing on Survivor-Managers in a Developing Economy

Despite the importance of psychological wellbeing of survivors to the attainment of the envisaged goal of the downsizing practice, research on this group of workers is still limited particularly in Nigeria. The study aims at exploring the psychological impact of downsizing on survivor managers in Nigeria using a qualitative research approach. More specifically, unstructured and semi-structured interviews were carried out at different stages with a total of 20 interviewees. Data were analysed and coded using a data-driven thematic analysis. The finding revealed that anxiety, a feeling of uncertainty, insecurity of job, reduction in individual motivation and poor communication influenced the survivors negatively. These negative psychological and emotional impact exhibited by the survivor employees are linked to lack of jobs, high rate of unemployment, and lack of social security and culture. The outcome of the study would provide implications for human resources managers in Nigeria who often deal with downsizing and engaged in psychological contract breach.

Impact of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) On Business in Edo State, Nigeria

The study assessed the impact of COVID-19 on business in Nigeria. Four research questions gave focus to the study. 234 respondents were used using an accidental sampling technique. A descriptive survey gave credence to the study. A reliability coefficient of 0.79 was obtained with the use of Cronbach alpha formula. Data was obtained with the aid of questionnaire. Research questions were answered with mean. From the result, it was discovered that COVID-19 impacted profit, sales volume and business cash flow. The study concluded that COVID-19 has impact on profit, sales volume and cash flow of business. It was also concluded business derived a lot of benefits from COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, it was recommended that business owners should engage in market timing to enable their customers to know their time of opening, engage more in online sales to increase sales volume, as well engage in massive savings to avoid cash crunch during economic crises.