Basic science and renal transplant

Basic physiology of bladder and urethra 794 Basic renal anatomy 796 Renal physiology: glomerular filtration and regulation of renal blood flow 800 Renal physiology: regulation of water balance 802 Renal physiology: regulation of sodium and potassium excretion 803 Renal physiology: acid–base balance 804 Renal replacement therapy ...

Sexual health

Physiology of erection and ejaculation 568 Erectile dysfunction: evaluation 572 Erectile dysfunction: treatment 576 Peyronie’s disease 580 Priapism 584 Retrograde ejaculation 588 Premature ejaculation 590 Other disorders of ejaculation and orgasm 592 Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) 594 Hypogonadism and male hormone replacement therapy 596 Urethritis 600...

Infertility

Male reproductive physiology 552 Aetiology and evaluation of male infertility 554 Investigation of male infertility 556 Oligozoospermia and azoospermia 560 Varicocele 562 Treatment options for male infertility 564 The hypothalamus secretes luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), also known as gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This causes the pulsatile release of anterior pituitary gonadotrophins called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which act on the testis. FSH stimulates the seminiferous tubules to secrete inhibin and produce sperm; LH acts on Leydig cells to produce testosterone (...

Upper tract obstruction, loin pain, hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis 492 Management of ureteric strictures (other than PUJO) 496 Pathophysiology of urinary tract obstruction 498 Physiology of urine flow from kidneys to bladder 499 Ureter innervation 500 Retroperitoneal fibrosis 502 Dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces (Fig. 10.1). When combined with dilatation of the ureters, known as hydroureteronephrosis....

Miscellaneous urological diseases of the kidney

Simple and complex renal cysts 396 Calyceal diverticulum 399 Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) 400 Acquired renal cystic disease (ARCD) 402 Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) 404 Vesicoureteric reflux in adults 408 Pelviureteric junction obstruction in adults 412 Anomalies of renal fusion and ascent: horseshoe kidney, ectopic kidney ...

Urological neoplasia

Basic pathology and molecular biology 236 Wilms’ tumour and neuroblastoma 238 Radiological assessment of renal masses 242 Benign renal masses 244 Renal cell carcinoma: pathology, staging, and prognosis 246 Renal cell carcinoma: epidemiology and aetiology 250 Renal cell carcinoma: presentation and investigation 252 Renal cell carcinoma (localized): surgical treatment I ...

Infections and inflammatory conditions

Urinary tract infection: definitions and epidemiology 176 Urinary tract infection: microbiology 178 Lower urinary tract infection: cystitis and investigation of UTI 182 Urinary tract infection: general treatment guidelines 184 Recurrent urinary tract infection 186 Upper urinary tract infection: acute pyelonephritis 190 Pyonephrosis and perinephric abscess ...

Bladder outlet obstruction

Regulation of prostate growth and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 72 Pathophysiology and causes of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and BPH 73 Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO): symptoms and signs 74 Diagnostic tests in men with LUTS thought to be due to BPH 76 The management of LUTS in men: NICE 2010 Guidelines ...

Urological problems in pregnancy

Physiological and anatomical changes in the urinary tract 640 Urinary tract infection (UTI) 642 Hydronephrosis of pregnancy 644 • Renal size enlarges: by 1cm, secondary to increased interstitial volume and distended renal vasculature, with renal volume increasing up to 30%. • Dilatation of the collecting systems...

Neuropathic bladder

Innervation of the lower urinary tract (LUT) 604 The physiology of urine storage and micturition 608 Bladder and sphincter behaviour in the patient with neurological disease 610 The neuropathic lower urinary tract: clinical consequences of storage and emptying problems 612 Bladder management techniques for the neuropathic patient ...