Analysis Metallothionein of Carp fish in The Brantas River, Indonesia

This study aimed to detection of protein profile, expression of metalothionein (MT) protein, and analyze difference of MT density in liver and gill in one of Carp fish that is Barbonymus balleroides in the upstream and downstream of Brantas river. The method used observasional analytic, Two individual of Barbonymus balleroides samples taken three times (with difference of month) from two station there are upstream and downstream of Brantas river. Analysis protein profile used electrophoresis SDS-PAGE (15%), expression and density of MT used western blot method and imageJ software. Difference between MT density in liver and gill of Barbonymus balleroides in the upstream and downstream of Brantas river analyzed with Two-way ANOVA. The results showed, protein profile in liver and gill Barbonymus balleroides in the upstream and downstream Brantas river have molecular weight about 8-93 kDa, expression of MT showed band of MT with molecular weight 24 kDa, results of MT density in liver and gill on upstream and downstream, continuously 231.29 MT/µm2 and 229.87MT/µm2, 232.41 MT/µm2 and 231.56 MT/µm2 but there is not significant.

Analysis of Tools for The Description and Analytical Processing of Enviromental Data

The objects of the research are tools that support the description and analytical processing of environmental data requests. These tools are used for environmental monitoring. Analytical processing of environmental data is necessary for this monitoring by the persons concerned. Here, a star schema is used to describe the data. Analytical data processing tools are required for analysis and research of environmental data. The results of analytical processing of environmental data are used to speed up decision-making. This article also describes the structure of the analytical data processing tool. Therefore, one of the problem points is how to describe the data. For this purpose, an environmental data relay scheme is defined, and the data description is implemented in multidimensional cubes. Due to the growth of data volume, data processing is carried out using multi-dimensional visualization methods. In addition, a visual user interface has been created for analytically processing queries based on scale data. The result of this research is to find a method for describing environmental data. At the end of the research, a hypercube was obtained, with the help of which it was possible to structure environmental data and carry out analytical processing of them. To this end, environmental data have been described using a multi-dimensional visualization method. And OLAP technologies were used to carry out analytical processing of this data. OLAP technologies allow aggregate data to be used and presented as a hypercube. The results of the research can be used as a basis for an environmental information system that is used for environmental monitoring.

Catalytic Synthesis of Diethanolamide Surfactant from Used Cooking Oil

The synthesis of diethanolamide surfactant from used cooking oil was systematically studied using modified zeolite as catalyst. The activated zeolite was obtained by dispersing natural zeolite in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) was loaded into activated zeolite by wet impregnation method. The methyl ester obtained from transesterification reaction of used cooking oil was refluxed with diethanolamine (C4H11NO) solution over K2CO3/zeolite catalyst in the production of diethanolamide surfactant. The amidiation reaction over K2CO3/zeolite effectively produced 92% of diethanolamide surfactant with the highest selectivity of methyl oleate. Diethanolamide surfactant showed stable foam and emulsion with the reduction of surface tension as much as 3.3 dyne/cm.

Finding Minimum Distance on Birkhoff-James Orthogonality in Banach Space

In this paper, we define orthogonality concept on Banach space. This orthogonality is called Birkhoff-James orthogonality. In this paper, we will discuss some new problem about the correlation between orthogonality on Hilbert space and Birkhoff-James orthogonality. Correlation between those two can be investigated by observing the correlation between Hilbert space and Banach space with particular norm. Further, we discuss about the correlation between minimum distance in Banach space with Birkhoff-James orthogonality, by generalized the concept of finding the minimum distance in Hilbert space.

Grinding Technique on Synthesis of Calixarene and Its Derivatives

The synthesis of p-t-butylcalix[6]arene (PK[6]A) and calixresorcinarene derivative compounds, namely C-para-dimethylamino-phenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CPDAK[4]R) and C-4-hydroxy-phenylcalix[4]-resorcinarene (CHK[4]R), had been carried out by grinding technique. The grinding technique was done with the absence of solvents so that it minimized the waste. Synthesis occurred through electrophilic substitution reactions with KOH as an alkaline catalyst and p-toluene sulfonic acid as an acid catalyst. The three calixarene products were in the form of crystalline solids with a melting point of more than 300°C, insoluble in water with yields of 62.58; 61.94 and 97.49%, respectively. Product characterization using FTIR analysis showed the vibration of the methylene bridge (-CH2-) at a wavenumber of 1473.62 cm-1 and LC-MS analysis for (PK[6]R) showed that the molecular weight was 974.77 g/mole. While the analysis of (CPDAK[4]R) and (CHK[4]R) with 1H NMR showed the presence of protons from the methine bridge (-CH-) that appear at the chemical shift of 4.950 and 3.078 ppm.

Contribution Succinonitrile additive for Performa LiTFSi Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Battery

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) appropriate to solve packaging leakage and expansion volume in lithium-ion battery systems. Evaluation of electrochemical performance of SPE consisted of mixture lithium salt, solid plasticizer, and polymer precursor with different ratio. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate ionic conduction and dielectric response lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfony imide (LiTFSI) salt, and additive succinonitrile (SCN) plasticizer. The result showing enhanced high ionic conductivity. In half-cell configurations, wide electrochemical stability window of the SPE has been tested. Have stability window at room temperature, indicating great potential of SPE for application in lithium ion batteries. Additive SCN contribute to forming pores that make it easier for the li ion to move from the anode to the cathode and vice versa for better perform SPE. Pore of SPE has been charaterization with FE-SEM. Additive 5% w.t SCN shows the best ionic conductivity with 4.2 volt wide stability window and pretty much invisible pores.

Generalised Difference Sequence Space of non-absolute Type

It was Shiue [16], who have introduced the Cesaro sequence spaces of type $Ces_p$ and $Cep_\infty$. In view of Chiue, we shall introduce and study some properties of generalised Cesaro difference sequence space. We also examine some of their topological proterties.

Adsorption Studies of Rice Husk-Based Silica/Carbon Composite

Rice husk as a by-product of the rice milling process is a material that can still be processed to be a product that can be used in various applications. The potential for the commercialization ofrice husks is still hampered by its low economic value. By using the heating method using an inert gas,rice husk can be converted into a composite whichcontains mostly silica and carbon, a wellknown component with excellent adsorbent properties. In this research,the utilization of ricehusk into silica/carbon composites was done by using three different methods. Common heating under temperature of 800oC (S), heating process under temperature of 800oC using furnace equipped with inert gas (CS), and heating process under temperature of 800oC using furnace equipped with inert gas with addition of glucose solution (CSL) were carried out in order to obtain three different kinds of composite. Analysis and characterization using Fourier Transform Infra-Red and X-Ray diffraction were performed to observe the properties of the composites. As the result, CSL has the highest adsorption capacity and Langmuir’s model adsorptive behavior.

Development of Stages of The Implementation of The Environmental Monitoring Program

The object of the research is environmental monitoring, which allows to present the current situation about the environment. The monitoring program aims to gather information for the decision-making process. This article describes environmental monitoring and highlights its main goals and objectives. This article describes the properties of the environmental monitoring object. The main components of environmental monitoring are also considered here. The database and analytical data-processing tools are main components of environmental monitoring. In addition, this article considers the structure of environmental monitoring. Next, environmental monitoring functions were considered. This article also provided a classification of monitoring systems. One problem is the development of the most appropriate algorithm for implementing environmental monitoring. The article is devoted to the development of software modules of environmental information systems that perform geographic and environmental data processing. There are software modules designed for centralized operation of data (data entry, editing, deleting, etc.), the conceptual types of GIS, the goals and functions of environmental monitoring, and these are taken into account in the existing system. The monitoring system should also have a good search tool, which is also described in this article. The search tool is described using SQL and Delphi. The research used decision-making methods. This article describes the stages of development of an environmental monitoring program. The research identified the inputs and outputs of the environmental monitoring programme, as well as its objects and the relationship between them. The results obtained in the future will be useful for improving the decision-making of authorized persons.

Adsorption Study of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Using Green Shell (Perna Viridis)

Green shell is generally disposed of and become environmental contaminants. In this study, the green shell was used as material to adsorb dyes residue: methylene blue and methyl oranges. Green shell waste from seafood was prepared by removing the dirt then dried at room temperature. It was followed by roughly crushing before being placed in the furnace at temperatures of 300, 500, 700 and 900 °C. The selected adsorbents were sieved at 200 mesh. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR and SEM-EDX to evaluate their functional groups and morphology. Furthermore, the adsorption process was evaluated by determining the kinetic adsorption models. The results of the FTIR characterization showed the vibration of Ca(OH)2 bone at a wave number of 3400 cm-1 and morphological analysis by SEM showed a homogeneous surface. Adsorption kinetics results obtained from the variation of time with the initial adsorbate concentration showed the kinetic model of both methylene blue and methyl orange adsorption onto the adsorbent followed a pseudo-second order.