OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E NUTRICIONAL DE CONCENTRADO PROTEICO DE RESÍDUOS DE FILETAGEM DE SARAMUNETE (Pseudupeneus maculatus - BLOCH, 1793)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi obter e caracterizar o concentrado proteico de resíduos de filetagem de saramunete, Pseudupeneus maculatus. Foram desenvolvidos dois tipos de concentrado proteicos (CPS), o tipo A e o tipo B, e avaliados o rendimento, pH, atividade de água, cor, bases nitrogenadas voláteis, umidade, proteína, gordura e cinzas. O CPS tipo A apresentou menor rendimento, apesar de ser mais ácido (menor pH) e possuir coloração mais clara (maior valor de L*), menos vermelha (menor valor de a*) e mais amarela (maior valor de b*) que o CPS tipo B. A atividade de água, porcentagem de umidade e bases nitrogenadas voláteis dos CPS foram baixas e sem diferença entre tratamentos. O CPS tipo A apresentou maior porcentagem de proteína e menor de cinzas, indicando melhor qualidade proteica. Além disso, apresentou menor quantidade de lipídeos, sendo, possivelmente menos susceptível a oxidação lipídica. Portanto, o CPS tipo A é uma boa forma de agregar valor aos resíduos de saramunete devido o produto apresentar bom rendimento, características físico-químicas adequadas e aspectos nutricionais compatíveis com outros concentrados proteicos de pescado.

NERITIDAE (GASTROPODA, NERITIMORPHA) FROM THE MALACOLOGICAL COLLECTION PROF. HENRY RAMOS MATTHEWS OF THE UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ, BRAZIL

The basic information obtained from scientific collections help us to understanding of Earth’s diverse biota and its biological processes. The Malacological Collection Prof. Henry Ramos Matthews (CMPHRM) of the Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Brazil, is a reference about the biodiversity, mainly marine, of northeastern Brazil. In this collection, the gastropod molluscs of the family Neritidae were among the most representative in number of lots. Since an accurate geographical distribution knowledge is one of the fundamental factors to the study of biodiversity, the present study aimed to describe the composition and spatially analyse the neritids deposited in the CMPHRM/UFC. There is a total of 314 lots of the Neritidae deposited at CMPHRM, belonging to eight species (Nerita chamaeleon, Nerita chlorostoma, Nerita fulgurans, Nerita tessellata, Neritina virginea, Neritina meleagris, Neritina zebra, and Smaragdia viridis). The Malacological Collection Prof. Henry Ramos Matthews of the Universidade Federal do Ceará has representatives of all species of Neritidae recorded in the Brazilian Province, which are important for confirming previous records or establishing new occurrence records. Keywords: Neritina, Nerita, Smaragdia, Brazilian Province

RECORD OF Ostrea puelchana D’ORBIGNY, 1842 (BIVALVIA: OSTREIDAE), AS NEW EPIBIONT IN Eriphia gonagra (FABRICIUS, 1781) (CRUSTACEA: ERIPHIIDAE) FROM NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

In this paper, we describe the first association of the ostreid species Ostrea puelchana d’Orbigny, 1842, as new epibiont in Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781), with material collected in Northeastern Brazil. The specimens of E. gonagra were collected manually in November of 2020 during the low tide in the Barra de Catuama beach, State of Pernambuco. Among 10 specimens collected, only one adult male showed the presence of two commensal specimens of O. puelchana adhered in the epibranchial and antero-lateral regions of the basibiont (right side). The presence of the epibiont O. puelchana on the new host E. gonagra expands the range of the crustacean species potentially used as hosts by this oyster along the Brazilian coast. Keywords: marine invertebrates, biological interactions, Pernambuco, commensalism, beachrocks.

BALLAST WATER: A POLYPHASIC APPROACH IN THE EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL PHYTOPLANKTONIC BIOINVASION

The main transport vector for exotic-invasive species around the world is ballast water in merchant ships, crossing natural biogeographic barriers. This is one of the main factors responsible for the reduction and homogenization of the global biota. As phytoplankton is the main group transported by these vessels, this study assesses the risk of bioinvasion in the port complex of Itajaí and Navegantes (southern Brazil), using a polyphasic approach, mixing classical taxonomy with molecular biology. Ballast water collections were carried out to analyze the traditional taxonomy and for clonal cultivation in the laboratory. A successful cultivation of 12 local strains and 10-ballast water was successful. In the latter case, some fresh water, contrary to the statement by the commanders of the exchange of water in the deep ocean (> 200 m). Molecular identification was performed by sequencing the complete ITS region, confirming the presence of Thalassiosira minuscula Krasske, 1941, harmful and of public health interest, previously not mentioned for the region. The species Pleurosigma W. Smith, 1852; Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane) Round, 1990; Trieres mobiliensis (Bailey) Ashworth and E.C. Theriot, 2013; Thalassiosira minima Gaarder, 1951; Skeletonema pseudocostatum Medlin, 1991; Pectinodesmus holtmannii E. Hegewald, C. Bock and Krienitz, 2013; Neodesmus Hindák, 1976; and Pseudopediastrum boryanum (Turpin) E. Hegewald, 2005, were identified. The results indicate the possibility of growth of the species found in the ballast environment, which may negatively alter the disposal environment. Keywords: exotic species, molecular identification, marine phytoplankton, port complex of Itajaí and Navegantes.

MOLLUSCS FROM THE UPPER MESOPHOTIC ZONE IN A SCARCELY KNOWN REEF OF THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC

Despite the increasing focus on biodiversity of mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) on a global scale, some biological groups, such as molluscs, are still poorly investigated. The taxonomic diversity of the molluscan fauna of a scarcely known MCE of the Western Equatorial Atlantic, Northeastern Brazil, was surveyed. Samples were collected along the shallower strata of the upper mesophotic zone (between 33-36 m depth). Twenty-one taxa (nine species of gastropods, ten species of bivalves, and two taxa of chitons) were listed, two of which (Novastoa sp. and Thylaeodus sp.) are potential endemic species. A new northern limit of distribution of Persicula moscatellii was established and seven species had new bathymetric records for living specimens (Barbatia domingensis, Barbatia cancellaria, Lamychaena hians, Leiosolenus bisulcatus, Pinctada imbricata, Hipponix incurvus, and Persicula moscatellii). Hipponix costellatus are the most representative species with 49 individuals, followed by Lima caribaea with six individuals. The present work is the first contribution to the knowledge of the molluscan fauna associated with consolidated substrates from this little-known MCE. Keywords: mesophotic coral ecosystems, tropical reef, molluscan diversity, Brazilian Province, conventional SCUBA.

TEMPORAL CHANGES IN LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF SCIAENIDAE (PISCES: TELEOSTEI) SPECIES IN SOUTH BRAZIL

This study reports the importance to evaluate the length-weight relationships (LWR) across the years. We evaluate the LWR for 8 Sciaenidae species of Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, South Brazil, sampled between 2016 and 2018 by bottom trawls similar to the used by artisanal fisheries in this region. There were differences between growth type among the years for 5 species, and all species showed differences in the slope of LWR in at least one year. These results show the importance of fauna and fisheries monitoring programs to better evaluate the population dynamics and fisheries stocks. Keywords: estuarine fish, fisheries biology, marine fish, sciaenid, weight-length relationship

MARINE HARDBOTTOM ENVIRONMENTS IN THE BEACHES OF CEARÁ STATE, EQUATORIAL COAST OF BRAZIL

This paper is a literature review on marine hardbottom environments (MHE) that emerge in coastal regions in the Brazilian state of Ceará. This stretch of the Brazilian coast houses several rock formations, which are widely distributed in the intertidal zone. These formations have various origins and composition, ranging from crystalline rocks to biogenic structures, but most are composed by sandstones. These substrates support biodiverse ecosystems that produce valuable environmental goods and services, which have historical and socioeconomic relevance for the state. Despite their importance, they are currently threatened by various types of local and global stressors, and a consistent government effort to protect them is still lacking. There are many knowledge gaps regarding these formations and new studies are needed to support conservation actions involving these ecosystems. Keywords: reef, beachrock, sandstone, intertidal zone, benthos

GROWTH OF JUVENILES OF THE FAT SNOOK, Centropomus parallelus, IN RESPONSE TO DIETARY LIPID, ENERGY AND PROTEIN

This study evaluated the growth of fat snook Centropomus parallelus in response to the dietary total lipids, gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) content. In the 1st experiment, five isonitrogenous diets with 541.7 ± 2.4 g kg-1 CP varied their lipid content in 113, 151, 160, 189 and 200 g kg-1 and GE in 18.8, 19.4, 20.4, 21.2 and 22.2 MJ kg-1, respectively. A total of 300 fish with 6.5 ± 2.4 g were stocked in 30 tanks of 1 m3 under 10 fish m-³ and reared for 96 days. There were no differences in fish final body weight (38.2 ± 12.5 g), daily weight gain (DWG, 0.35 ± 0.04 g day-1) and specific growth rate (SGR, 1.92 ± 0.11 day-1) among dietary treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.76 ± 0.17 with a protein efficiency ratio of 1.06 ± 0.10. The viscerosomatic (VSI) and visceral fat indices (VFI) raised significantly with an increase in the dietary lipid while the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was unaffected. There was a significant reduction in feed intake as the dietary lipid content reached 189 g kg-1. In a 2nd study, five isolipidic diets (114.4 ± 1.9 g kg-1 lipids) with decreasing levels of CP and GE of 578, 535, 505, 465, and 430 g kg-1 and 20.5, 19.9, 19.4, 18.9, and 18.1 MJ kg-1, respectively, were evaluated. A total of 1,450 fish of 5.8 ± 2.1 g were reared in 30 tanks of 5.8 m³ under 10 fish m-3 for 93 days. Final survival reached 93.5 ± 5.5%. Fish DWG (0.27 ± 0.05 g day-1) and SGR (1.78 ± 0.11 % day-1) did not vary in response to dietary CP. Final body weight significantly reduced while HSI increased in fish fed the 430 g kg-1CP diet compared with fish fed the 578 g kg-1 CP diet. Results of this work indicated that fish between 5.8 g and 40.8 g wet body weight can maximize growth when fed diets containing 113.2 g kg-1 lipids, 540.5 g kg-1 CP and a 34.7 MJ kg-1 energy to protein ratio. Keywords: Centropomus parallelus, fat snook, protein, lipid, energy.

OBITUÁRIO - CAROLUS MARIA VOOREN (14/11/1941-12/3/2021)

Carolus Maria Vooren exerceu, durante 32 anos, a função de professor e pesquisador no Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Atuou na área de Ecologia, Biologia e Dinâmica Populacional de Condrictes e Aves Marinhas, sendo pioneiro nos estudos desses dois grupos. Descreveu três espécies novas, uma de tubarão, Squatina occulta; uma de raia, Benthobatis stehmanii; e uma de quimera, Hydrolagus matallanasi. Também descreveu uma modalidade inédita de desenvolvimento embrionário no corpo da fêmea em espécies de cações-anjo, a qual chamou de gestação cloacal. Orientou centenas de alunos, entre iniciação científica, trabalho de conclusão de curso, mestrado e doutorado. Seus trabalhos e suas descobertas ganharam prontamente reconhecimento internacional e, atualmente, são citados pelos mais respeitados membros da comunidade acadêmica internacional. Iniciou uma luta incansável pela conservação dos condrictes do Sul do Brasil, aos quais se dedicou com muita determinação durante os últimos anos da sua vida. Seus trabalhos sobre biologia e ecologia de tubarões e raias foram pioneiros não só no Brasil, mas no mundo todo.

QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE MICROPLÁSTICOS EM PRAIAS ANTROPIZADAS E POUCO ANTROPIZADAS NO LITORAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL

Este estudo analisou a presença de microplásticos no sedimento arenoso em três praias no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul – Sul do Brasil, com diferentes níveis de antropização. As praias de Torres e Capão da Canoa são mais urbanizadas que a Praia das Cabras (Cidreira). A amostragem foi realizada ao longo das quatro estações do ano. Em cada localidade, foram amostradas seis parcelas quadradas (0,5 x 0,5 m), incluindo três pontos na marca da preamar e três pontos na base das dunas. A presença de microplásticos foi registrada em todas as amostras. No total, foram coletados 1.727 microplásticos (886 unidades de fragmentos e 841 unidades de pellets). A Praia das Cabras apresentou maior concentração de microplásticos (1.083 unidades) do que as praias urbanizadas: Capão da Canoa (482 unidades) e Torres (162 unidades). Além disso, foi encontrada grande quantidade de pellets na Praia das Cabras, enquanto as outras duas praias apresentaram maior acúmulo de fragmentos. O maior acúmulo de microplásticos foi encontrado durante a primavera (687 unidades), seguida pelo inverno (462 unidades), verão (410 unidades) e outono (168 unidades). A presença de microplásticos em praias arenosas parece não estar relacionada somente à urbanização, mas também à interação continente-oceano. Palavras-chave: sedimento, praia, urbanização, microplásticos