scholarly journals GROWTH OF JUVENILES OF THE FAT SNOOK, Centropomus parallelus, IN RESPONSE TO DIETARY LIPID, ENERGY AND PROTEIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Ricardo Camurça Correia Pinto ◽  
Alberto Jorge Pinto Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fat Snook ◽  
Final Survival

This study evaluated the growth of fat snook Centropomus parallelus in response to the dietary total lipids, gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) content. In the 1st experiment, five isonitrogenous diets with 541.7 ± 2.4 g kg-1 CP varied their lipid content in 113, 151, 160, 189 and 200 g kg-1 and GE in 18.8, 19.4, 20.4, 21.2 and 22.2 MJ kg-1, respectively. A total of 300 fish with 6.5 ± 2.4 g were stocked in 30 tanks of 1 m3 under 10 fish m-³ and reared for 96 days. There were no differences in fish final body weight (38.2 ± 12.5 g), daily weight gain (DWG, 0.35 ± 0.04 g day-1) and specific growth rate (SGR, 1.92 ± 0.11 day-1) among dietary treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.76 ± 0.17 with a protein efficiency ratio of 1.06 ± 0.10. The viscerosomatic (VSI) and visceral fat indices (VFI) raised significantly with an increase in the dietary lipid while the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was unaffected. There was a significant reduction in feed intake as the dietary lipid content reached 189 g kg-1. In a 2nd study, five isolipidic diets (114.4 ± 1.9 g kg-1 lipids) with decreasing levels of CP and GE of 578, 535, 505, 465, and 430 g kg-1 and 20.5, 19.9, 19.4, 18.9, and 18.1 MJ kg-1, respectively, were evaluated. A total of 1,450 fish of 5.8 ± 2.1 g were reared in 30 tanks of 5.8 m³ under 10 fish m-3 for 93 days. Final survival reached 93.5 ± 5.5%. Fish DWG (0.27 ± 0.05 g day-1) and SGR (1.78 ± 0.11 % day-1) did not vary in response to dietary CP. Final body weight significantly reduced while HSI increased in fish fed the 430 g kg-1CP diet compared with fish fed the 578 g kg-1 CP diet. Results of this work indicated that fish between 5.8 g and 40.8 g wet body weight can maximize growth when fed diets containing 113.2 g kg-1 lipids, 540.5 g kg-1 CP and a 34.7 MJ kg-1 energy to protein ratio. Keywords: Centropomus parallelus, fat snook, protein, lipid, energy.

scholarly journals Effects of Least Cost Homemade Ration on Growth Performance of Sasso and Indigenous Breeds of Chicks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemma Gulilat ◽  
Firew Tegegne ◽  
Solomon Demeke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Commercial Diet

The objective of this study was to develop the least-cost starter’s diet and evaluated its effect on the growth performance of Sasso breeds and Indigenous ecotype of chicks under the local condition of the South Gondar Zone. The effects of substitution of different levels of commercial starters ration with homemade diet on the growth performance of Sasso and Indigenous chicks were studied in Hiruy Abaregay village of Farta district. The research area is 586km distant from the capital city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 510 Sasso T-44 and 90 Indigenous local ecotypes day-old chicks were randomly divided into five groups, each with 102 and 18 chicks, respectively. These were assigned into five treatments in which 100 (T1), 75 (T2), 50 (T3), 25 (T4), and 0% (T5) of commercial starter’s diet in factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications for 60 days feeding period. The results obtained indicated that increased levels of substitution of a commercial diet with a homemade diet significantly depressed (p<0.001) mean daily feed consumption and retention of dry matter, nitrogen, and metabolizable energy. Growth rate as measured by mean daily weight gain, mean final body weight, and total feed consumption and feed cost were significantly miserable (p<0.001) in an increased homemade diet. On the contrary, there was an increase in feed conversion ratio and fiber content in high-level dilution of starter’s commercial diet with a homemade diet. However, the groups of chicks on 0, 25, and 50% commercial starters diets replaced by homemade diet were significantly higher (p<0.001) in mean daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and final body weight attained. The results of this study indicated that up to 50% of expensive commercial starter’s diet could economically be replaced with the least cost homemade diet without adversely affecting the growth performance of chicks.

scholarly journals Growth and Chevon Characteristics of Indigenous Breeds of Goat (Buck) in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
N. N. Ayanniyi ◽  
O. O. Olusola ◽  
S. A. Adeyemi ◽  
S. B. Akinleye ◽  
M. Alfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
West African ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Dressing Percentage

A trial was conducted at the Sheep and Goat Unit of Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan to evaluate the effect of breeds on growth, carcass characteristics and meat yield of indigenous goats (bucks) in Nigeria. Fifteen growing bucks: five each of Sahel bucks-SB, West African Dwarf bucks (WADB) and Red Sokoto bucks(RSB) weighing 9.8±0.2, 10.0±0.4 and 9.9±0.3, respectively were fed isocaloric diet for 90 days. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design. Final Body Weight (FBW), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured using standard procedures. Three bucks per breed were thereafter sacrificed and Dressing Percentage (DP), Meat yield, Rib eye area (REA) and Water holding capacity (WHC) were determined. The Final Body Weight of 16.1kg in Sahel bucks and 17.5kg Red Sokoto bucks were similar but significantly lower than 20.3kg of West African Dwarf bucks. Also, the Feed Conversion Ratio of 10.4 for the Sahel bucks and 9.8 of Red Sokoto bucks were significantly higher than 7.3 of West African Dwarf bucks. The Dressing Percentage was highest in West African Dwarf bucks (46.6%) and least in Sahel bucks (33.5%). West African Dwarf bucks yielded more meat lean (67.4%) and were comparatively higher than Sahel bucks (60.1%) and Red Sokoto bucks (61.5%). The Rib eye area (cm2) was also higher in West African Dwarf bucks (1.4) compared to Sahel bucks (1.1) and Red Sokoto bucks (1.1).

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy level on the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

2020 ◽  
pp. 2307-2316
Author(s):  
Walter Piola Junior ◽  
Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de Castro ◽  
Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽  
Leandro das Dores Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Carolina Amália Souza Dantas Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ration energy levels on the performance and carcass characteristics of confined lambs. Four energy levels were evaluated: 2.00; 2.28; 2.54, and 2.80 Mcal of ME kg-1DM, with the last content being recommended by the National Research Council [NRC] (2007) for daily weight gains of 300 g. Twenty-four crossbred Ile de France ram lambs (six per treatment) at 240.0 ± 9.6 days of age and 26.6 ± 3.8 kg body weight, fed with isoprotein diets (158 g kg-1, CP) were used. The confinement lasted 57 days. Final body weight, cold carcass weight, and cold carcass yield were linearly and positively influenced by diet energy content. Food intake, average daily weight gain, and feed conversion were quadratically influenced by energy level, where the highest averages were observed under diets containing between 2.54 and 2.80 Mcal. In percentage terms, the main carcass cuts (leg and shoulder) were not influenced by diet energy level. In terms of the shoulder tissue composition, it was observed that bone content decreased linearly, fat content increased quadratically, and muscle content was not affected by the energy content of the diet. It was concluded that diets with higher energy densities lead to the production of heavier carcasses with higher yields, as well as increased weight gains. Optimal diets should therefore contain between 2.54 and 2.80 Mcal of ME kg-1DM.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Level of Molasses Inclusion on Feed Intake, Body Weight Gain and Carcass Parameters of Afar Bull

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anwar Seid ◽  
Mohammed Yasin Ali
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Concentrate Mix

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing different levels of molasses concentrates mix with a basal diet of cultivated pasture hay on intake, body weight and carcass quality of Afar bull. The experiment included three bulls in each group and a total of 12 bulls with mean initial live weight of 158 ± 1.20 kg, were used for the experiment in a complete randomized block design (RCRD). The experiment was consisted of 180 days of feeding trial followed by carcass evaluation. The concentrate mix were 2:1 (wheat bran and Cotton seed cake) The CP content of the cultivated hay, concentrate mix and molasses were 9.16, 25.2, and 3.8 %, respectively. Results showed that, the mean final weight for Tx1, Tx2, Tx3, Tx4 were 271.65Kg, 255.83kg, 243.79kg and 239.50 respectively. Significant differences in daily body weight gain and final body weight among the treatment were observed but carcass parameters were not significantly recorded. The Tx1 and Tx2 have a tendency to achieve a higher average daily weight gain (ADG), final body weight, hot carcass weight and feed conversion efficiency compared with Tx3 and Tx4. From the present study, it can be concluded that, the inclusion of 20% molasses in the diet of a mixed ration of Afar bulls can be finished with good performance without adverse effect on health. Further studies are required on the effects of age and feeding duration on carcass characteristics of Afar bulls.

scholarly journals Performance characteristics of weaner rabbits on cassava peel-based balanced diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
R. A. Bello ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Cassava Peel

An eight-week trial was conducted to determine the optimum level of substitution of dried cassava peel meal (DCPM) for maize in rabbit diets balanced for varying energy, nitrogen and fibre contents. Six experimental diets were compounded such that DCPM replaced maize at 0%, 50%, 62.5%, 75%, 87.5% and 100% levels. Each diet was fed to five replicates of a weaner rabbit, averaging 0.49kg initial body weight. Water and feed were provided ad libitum throughout the 8 week period and their intake as well as faecal output were measured daily. Body weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion were determined weekly. No significant effects of replacement of maize in the control diet with graded levels of DCPM were observed on final body weight (FW), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed cost per unit weight gain (FC/WG). However, there were significant effects of dietary treatments on daily faecal output (DFO) (P<0.05) and daily feed (DFC) and daily water (DWC) consumption (P<0.01). The results of this study demonstrate that DCPM could replace 100% of dietary maize without adverse effects on rate, efficiency and economy of weight gain. Savings in feed cost were also achieved as a result of the use of DCPM and these ranged from 13.2 to 18.7%. 

scholarly journals Understanding the Interaction Effects between Dietary Lipid Content and Rearing Temperature on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Fat Deposition of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Lydia Katsika ◽  
Mario Huesca Flores ◽  
Yannis Kotzamanis ◽  
Alicia Estevez ◽  
Stavros Chatzifotis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Fish Group

This study was conducted to elucidate the interaction effects of temperature and dietary lipid levels (2 × 2 factorial experiment) on the growth performance, muscle, and liver composition in adult farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Two groups of fish (190 g; 60 fish per group) were distributed in 12 tanks in triplicates and kept at two different temperature regimes; one starting at 23 °C and then changed to 17 °C for 61 days, and the other starting at 17 °C and then changed to 23 °C for 39 days. Two commercial diets containing both ~44% crude protein but incorporating different dietary lipid levels, 16.5% (D16) and 20.0% (D20) (dry matter (DM)), were fed to the fish to apparent satiation; the type of diet fed to each fish group remained constant throughout the experiment. Final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly higher for the fish group held at 23 °C compared to the fish group at 17 °C (before the temperature changes), while the dietary fat content did not have any profound effect in both groups. Furthermore, the different temperature regimes did not affect muscle or liver composition, but, on the contrary, dietary lipids affected hepatosomatic, perivisceral fat, and visceral indexes. Feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate were not affected by the dietary lipid level. An interaction of temperature and dietary lipid content was observed in daily feed consumption (DFC) and final body weight (FBW).

Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Wistar albino rats fed processed dehulled jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
O. A. Abu ◽  
O. H. Amusa ◽  
R. O. Atoyebi ◽  
R. A. Kehinde ◽  
F. C. Nworgu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Jack Bean

A total of fifty 3-4 weeks old albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing 50-60g were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design to investigate the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the rats fed diets containing processed dehulled jack bean. Five diets were formulated to contain casein (T1)-control diet, dehulled jack bean soaked in filtrate obtained from raw pap(T2), dehulled jack bean soaked in lye solution (T3), dehulled jack bean boiled for 15minutes (T4) while a protein free diet served as a negative control (T5). The experiment lasted for 28-days.Dehulled jack bean significantly (P>0.05) influenced the growth parameters measured for the Wistar rats. Rats on control diets had the highest value for all the growth indices, feed intake (210.90g), final body weight (103.40g), body weight changes (41.90g), feed conversion ratio (5.10) and protein efficiency ratio (1.41). Rats on T2 (soaked in ‘ogi’ liquor) had feed intake value of (147.40g), followed by rats on T4 (boiled for 15minutes) (117.00g), T5 (negative control) (119.07) and T3 (soaked in lye solution) (79.40g) respectively. Rats on T4 had the highest value for final body weight (67.80g), body weight changes (6.30g), feed conversion ratio (12.27) and protein efficiency ratio (0.25) while rats on T3 had the lowest value for final body weight (67.80g), body weight changes (-32.45g), total feed intake (79.40g) with FCR of (-0.96) for the tested diets. Wistar rats placed on lye treated diet had depressed body weight changes of 59.8% compared to the control. Digestibility studies however showed that rats on control diets had the highest digestibility value of DM and other nutrients, while there was no significant (P<0.05) difference in digestibility value of CF, significant (P>0.05) differences existed in DM, digestibility value of CP, EE and Ash. Rats on T3 and T5 had the lowest digestibility value for Ash (11.48) and CP (37.66). Rats fed dehulled jack bean seed soaked in ogi liquor and boiled for 15minutes showed slight improvement in growth performance and nutrient utilization over those fed lye soaked jack bean. All the processing methods were ineffective when compared to the performance of rat fed casein based diets.

Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M.A. Elmasry ◽  
Luis A. Miranda ◽  
Germán Mendoza ◽  
Fernando X. Plata
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Additives on Rabbit Performance, Carcass Traits and Some Blood Constituents under Egyptation Summer Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Sara Khalil Sherif
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Blood Constituents

Sixty 7-week-old New Zealand White rabbits were randomly distributed into 5 equal experimental groups. The experimental rabbits were fed the tested diets till 14 weeks of age during summer season. The basal diet without feed additives (control; T1) and the other experimental diets were supplemented with enzymes at 0.5 g/kg (T2), organic acids at 1.0 g/kg (T3), Beta-pro at 0.2 g/kg (T4) or their combination (T5). The criteria of response were body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, some blood constituents, carcass traits and economic efficiency. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: Positive effects of feed additives were observed on live body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion of growing rabbits. There were no significant effects on blood parameters or carcass traits due to feed additives. It can be concluded that dietary Beta-pro (enzymes+probiotics) or a combination of enzymes, organic acids and Beta-pro at the tested levels can be used to improve the rabbit performance, with no adverse effects on carcass characteristics or blood parameters.

scholarly journals Photoperiod on growth and egg characteristics of the white leghorn chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Abdul Muumin Sadick ◽  
Iddrisu Mubarik ◽  
Dennis Kodzo Awalime ◽  
Rebecca Akumbilim ◽  
Philip Larweh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight

One hundred and twenty (120) 16 weeks old White Leghorn layer breeds were used for the study. The objective of the study was to determine effect of photoperiod on layer chicken. The research was carried out at the Poultry Section of the Animal farm of the Department of Animal Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Mampong. Four treatments made up of 12 hours of light, 14 hours of light, 16 hours of light and 18 hours of light were used for the study. Each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Birds were exposed equally to common daylight and in the evenings, lights were turned on at specified periods. Growth parameters measured were initial body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and final body weight. Egg traits measured were egg weight, albumen height, yolk color and yolk weight. The data collected were analyzed using General Linear Model procedure of Statistical Analysis System. Results from the study indicated that, varied photoperiod regimes had no significant (P>0.05) effect on initial body weight, daily feed intake but had significant (P<0.05) effect on daily weight gain and final body weight of growth traits. Photoperiod had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer bird. It was concluded from the study that, increasing photoperiod had no positive effect on growth and egg characteristics of the white Leghorn layer.

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