Towards a Secure, Distributed, and Reliable Cloud-Based Reference Architecture for Big Data in Smart Cities

Current revolutions with respect to big data affect people's everyday life more and more. New ways of living, communication, and knowledge sharing have been created under the smart city umbrella. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are used to improve urban services. Examples are car sharing, energy consumption, adaptive traffic management, etc. A closer look at these services reveals that data, produced and consumed by people (or automatically by devices), are the cornerstone for working and reliable urban services. For this, large volumes of data with a great variety have to be processed at a high velocity which is commonly known as big data. This chapter designs a secure, distributed, and reliable cloud-based reference architecture that logically separates confidential data and distributes them to various databases in different clouds. It increases the reliability of the distributed data with high-availability mechanisms to protect data against various threads (e.g., hackers, terrorists, data collecting companies, etc.).

Smart and Connected Cities Through Technologies

The world is growing and energy conservation is a very important challenge for the engineering domain. The emergence of smart cities is one possible solution for the same, as it claims that energy and resources are saved in the smart city infrastructure. This chapter is divided into five sections. Section 1 gives the past, present, and future of the living style. It gives the representation from rural, urban, to smart city. Section 2 gives the explanations of four pillars of big data, and through grid, a big data analysis is presented in the chapter. Section 3 started with the case study on smart grid. It comprises traffic congestion and their prospective solution through big data analytics. Section 4 starts from the mobile crowd sensing. It discusses a good elaboration on crowd sensing whereas Section 5 discusses the smart city approach. Important issues like lighting, parking, and traffic were taken into consideration.

Towards a Better and Smarter Healthcare and IoT

The amount of healthcare data continues to exponentially grow everyday. The complexity of this data further limits the analytical capabilities of traditional healthcare systems. With value-based care, it is far more imminent for healthcare organizations to control the costs and to improve the quality of care in order to sustain their business. The purpose of the chapter is to gain insights into complexities and challenges that exist in current healthcare systems and how big data analytics and IoT can play a pivotal role to positively influence the quality of care and patient outcomes. The chapter also provides solutions and strategies for building cloud-based data asset that can deliver rich data analytics to both the healthcare systems and the patients.

Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 can be considered the 21st century's industrial revolution and will soon be the new form of manufacturing delight. The definitive customer would experience manufacturing requests determined by artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automated technologies linked with data science support for gauging customer necessities. Phenomenally, Industry 4.0 is rapidly changing the firm's management and organizational systems, and competencies, as well as making its environment much more explored, even if more complexed than in the past. This new industrial revolution would possess systems with transformative technologies for managing interconnected systems between its physical assets and computational capabilities. Such enterprises would require skilled workforce to improve and operate advanced manufacturing tools and systems, and investigate the machine data, clients, and global capitals, resulting in an escalating need for trained employees proficient in cross-functional capacities and with competencies to cope new processes and IT systems.

Internet of Things and Its Impacts in Computing Intelligence

In the age of information superhighway, internet of things (IoT) is a hotly debated subject. The difference between ancient era and current time is the very lager digital communications among the people in whole world. The entire universe is moving towards digitalization and the key framework is the internet and connecting devices. The devices that are connected with internet are called internet of things. So, the impacts and influences of IoT are very significant in current computational analysis and dealings. Realizing the worth of big data in internet of things (IoT), this contribution gives instances of M2M messaging mechanism, cloud-based embedded computing, mobile computing, and cellular networking technologies in alliance with IoT devices, sensors, gadgets, etc., location spoofing detection for IoT, clustering tools for next generation, and details observation of methods, prospects, processing of big data which has a massive growth after the evolution of IoT. Finally, the concluding announcement interprets principal scheme of this work and future research directions in this field.

Cloud- and IoT-Powered Smart Connected Cities

The internet of things (IoT) is rising at a stunning rate. Consistently, every day, the presence of new gadgets, cameras, cell phones, and sensors these are associated with the internet. It is envisioned IoT will find, coordinate, and make utilization of such gadgets and their information in the advance of new service and items that can change and emphatically blow our lives. Presently, IoT and cloud computing are the hottest area used by the researchers. In any case, to the best of the authors' insight, these works do not have a point-by-point investigation of the new Cloud-IoT worldview, which includes totally new applications, challenges, and research issues. To connect this hole, this chapter gives a review on the reconciliation of Cloud and IoT. Beginning by describing basics of both IoT and cloud computing, the authors examine their complementarity, itemizing what is at present heading to their integration. At the end this chapter, the authors describe the smart roadside assistance for smart communities.

Songdo Smart City

South Korea is one of the most advanced developed countries. South Korea's industrialization, software and hardware products and services, technological advancements, and management styles are world-renowned concepts. It has also achieved many milestones in urbanization to provide a better life for its citizens. In this current global urban scenario, it is taking a grand leap forward to an even higher level in its development of Smart City structures. In this light, this book chapter discusses and explores South Korea's Songdo Smart City. The book chapter will give a 360-degree view of Songdo Smart City project—specifically with regards to planning, design, deployment of IoT technologies, focused on urban analytics. The chapter's major areas of focus will be looking into Songdo from the perspectives of its being (1) an Aerotropolis and (2) a Ubiquitous city. Songdo IBD is a new ubiquitous city built from scratch on 600 hectares of domesticated land along Incheon's seaside. With all the modern amenities and LEED-certified buildings, the Songdo Smart City will also survive in the future.

Big Data Analytics and Internet of Things for Urban Transportation

The idea of smart city has assumed popularity in numerous countries across the globe. In 2015, the Government of India embarked on a mission of creating 100 smart cities to sustain the burgeoning urban population. While a wide-ranging set of fundamentals has a key role in enhancing the quality of life of citizens, the chapter revolves around transportation issues and traffic management concerns in one of India's smart cities, Pune. Transport is one of the few areas where Pune lags behind compared to its urban counterparts in the country. Public transportation in the city has been ineffectual, and auto rickshaws have been unyielding and pricey, thus making it imperative to possess personal vehicles or resort to app-based cab services. A palpable outcome of this has been traffic congestion that leads to slower travelling speeds, extended trip times, and amplified vehicular queuing. Big data and IoT can make a considerable impact in realizing the smart city objectives for efficient transportation in Pune by serving as complementary measures to supply-side policies.

A Collaborative Approach of IoT, Big Data, and Smart City

During the last two decades, a number of new nations emerged and played their intense role in changing human lifestyle. The growing demand for smart city and big data stimulates innovation, and the development of new smart applications is becoming important. Internet of things comprises billions of devices, people, and services, and entitles each to connect through sensor devices. The economic development of a city leads to better life quality and improved citizen services. Thus, this chapter discusses the background of big data, IoT, and smart city. It also discusses the collaborative approach of all the above. The various related work and future research direction for implementing smart city with the concept of big data and IoT would be addressed in this chapter.

Smart Waste Management System

Smart connected devices are emerging from the internet today. These devices are embedded with intelligence due to the development in technology. These intelligent (smart) devices are capable of interacting with humans and other smart devices, which has led to the development of “Internet of Things” (IoT). The environment can be made smart and self-aware by the direct communication between more and more devices that are part of the IoT. The IoT concept can be applied to design a smart waste management system that makes the environment clean. A smart cities project has been initiated in most developing countries. Waste management is one of the prime components of the smart city. Garbage bins can be made intelligent, so that the fill level of the bins can be sensed, and the waste can be collected. This system will minimize the time and the cost of collecting waste.