Smoking Cessation, Weight Gain, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Postmenopausal Women

The epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally are paralleling an increase in the number of women with T2DM becoming pregnant. Because T2DM is frequently undiagnosed before pregnancy, the risk of major malformations in the developing fetus is increased due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The lack of preconception care and the increase in complications of pregnancy due to the coexistence of obesity and T2DM are of concern from both an individual and a public health standpoint. Rapid achievement of normoglycemia with limited weight gain is critical to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes in all women with diabetes during pregnancy, regardless of the type of diabetes. This article will focus on T2DM preceding pregnancy due to its increasing prevalence and potentially dire fetal and maternal consequences. Euglycemia before, during, and after all pregnancies complicated by diabetes results in the best opportunity for optimal outcomes for mother and infant.

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Smoking cessation and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Korea Medical Insurance Corporation Study

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/01.hjr.0000239474.41379.79 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 244-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Nam Wook Hur ◽

Hyeon Chang Kim ◽

Chung Mo Nam ◽

Sun Ha Jee ◽

Hyun Chul Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Medical Insurance

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Study of the Osteoporotic Changes in Postmenopausal Women with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjnm.v18i1.34929 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Ayesha Jahan ◽

Rokeya Begum ◽

Khaled Bin Shamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Introduction: Osteoporosis and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are common medical conditions in the society with an increasing prevalence in elderly people. Osteoporosis is more common in female than male and postmenopausal women are vulnerable to it. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of type-2 diabetes mellitus on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and, thereby, to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis in them. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at National institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS), BSMMU campus, Shahbagh, Dhaka, over a period of one year. 175 postmenopausal women were enrolled as study subjects, among them 72 (41.10%) were diabetic and rest 103 (59.90%) were nondiabetic and they were assigned as Group-I and Group-II respectively. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by central DEXA device at lumbar spines and left femoral neck of each study subject. Results: The mean (±SD) ages of group-I and group-II were 58.79 (±8.06) and 58.27 (±8.39) respectively with an age range of 45 to 75 years in both cases. A total of 30 (41.66%) patients in diabetic group (group-I) and 40 (38.83%) patients in non-diabetic (group-II) had osteoporosis at lumbar spines. On the other hand, 40 (56.94%) patients in group-I and 58 (56.31%) patients in group-II had osteoporosis at femoral neck. The Odds Ratios of osteoporosis for lumbar spines and femoral. neck were 1.125 and 1.026 respectively. The differences of frequencies of osteoporosis between group-I and group-II were not statistically significant at any anatomical site and the association between osteoporosis and type-2 diabetes mellitus was not significant. According to Odds Ratio type-2 diabetes mellitus was not a risk factor for developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women are prone to develop osteoporosis and type-2 diabetes mellitus may have adverse influence on osteoporosis, which was supported by few previous studies. This study could not establish any significant effect of type-2 diabetes mellitus on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 21-26, January 2015

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Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Beyond Rheumatology ◽

10.4081/br.2021.71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Lamia Oulkadi ◽

Bouchra Amine ◽

Imane El binoune ◽

Samira Rostom ◽

Rachid Bahiri

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are chronic diseases with increasing prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in women with T2DM and to identify predictive factors of fracture occurrence. The prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in postmenopausal women with T2DM was 23.1% and 16.9%, respectively. 46.2% of T2DM patients had normal bone mineral density (BMD) (P<0.01) and 58.5% of control subjects had osteopenia (P<0.01). Incidence of fracture in T2DM patients with osteopenia was significantly increased versus control subjects when stratified according the BMD (P=0.009). By stratifying T2DM patients according to fractures, factors that were significantly associated with occurrence included T2DM duration (P=0.038), use of insulin (P=0.017), and lower BMD (P=0.048). Our study suggests that there was a higher prevalence of fracture in T2DM patients compared to control subjects and a significant difference in BMD was found between the groups. We also showed that insulin use, low BMD, and long duration of T2DM are factors associated with an increased risk of bone fracture.

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