scholarly journals Trends in Drug Overdose Mortality Rates in Kentucky, 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. e2116391
Author(s):  
Svetla Slavova ◽  
Dana Quesinberry ◽  
Sarah Hargrove ◽  
Peter Rock ◽  
Candace Brancato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Overdose Mortality

scholarly journals Drug Overdose Trends among Black Indiana Residents: 2013-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raven Helmick
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
Overdose Deaths

ObjectiveTo understand trends in race-specific mortality rates between blacks and whites to discover any racial inequalities that might exist for drug overdose deaths. To delve into the types of drugs that are prominently involved in black drug overdose deaths from 2013-2017 in the state of Indiana.IntroductionBlack Hoosiers, the largest minority population in Indiana, make up almost 10% of the state’s population, and accounted for 8% of the total resident drug overdose deaths from 2013-2017 compared to whites at 91%. However, a closer look at race-specific mortality rates might reveal racial inequalities. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to analyze drug overdose morality rates among white and black Hoosiers to discover possible racial inequalities and to discover trends in drug involvement in overdose deaths among blacks.MethodsDrug overdose deaths that occurred in Indiana between 2013 and 2017 were identified using the underlying and contributing cause of death ICD-10 codes and abstracted from the Indiana State Department of Health’s annual finalized mortality dataset. Race-specific drug overdose death rates were calculated and compared among racial groups. Drug overdose deaths in blacks were examined for trends over time and by the types of drugs involved.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2017, drug overdose mortality rates for whites increased from 17.05 to 27.28 per 100,000. Blacks saw a higher rate increase during this same time frame: from 10.74 to 30.62 per 100,000, surpassing the mortality rate of whites by the end of 2017. Drug overdose deaths in blacks increased 197% from 2013-2017 and drug specific mortality rate increases were seen across all drug category’s. Opioids, which were involved in 61% of the 2017 drug overdose deaths among blacks, had a rate increase from 3.05 to 18.62 per 100,000 between 2013 and 2017. Drug specific overdose mortality rate increases were also seen for overdoses involving cocaine (1.76 to 10.62 per 100,000), benzodiazepines (0.32 to 3.08 per 100,000), and psychostimulants other than cocaine (0.16 to 1.69 per 100,000) such as amphetamines.ConclusionsWhile white Hoosiers had higher drug overdose mortality rates between 2013 and 2016, black Hoosiers had a greater mortality rate increase and surpassed the mortality rate in whites in 2017. Opioids, the most frequently involved substance in overdose deaths among blacks from 2013-2017, showed increasing rates during this time period. However, increases in drug specific overdose mortality rates for cocaine, benzodiazepines, and psychostimulants other than cocaine also call for public health attention. These results promote the inclusion of minority health experts in drug overdose prevention efforts and issue a call for future prevention efforts to be targeted toward the state’s largest minority population. 

scholarly journals Variation in US Drug Overdose Mortality Within and Between Hispanic/Latine Subgroups: A Disaggregation of National Data

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Cano ◽  
Camila Gelpi-Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined differences across Latine heritage groups (i.e., Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central American, South American) in rates of US drug overdose mortality. The study utilized 2015-2019 mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics for 29,137 Hispanic individuals who died of drug overdose. Using population estimates from the American Community Survey, age-standardized drug overdose mortality rates were calculated by specific Latine heritage and sex, nativity, educational attainment, and geographic region. Standardized rate ratios (SRRs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs) from negative binomial regression models, and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated, and multiple imputation was used for missing Latine heritage group in select models. Drug overdose mortality rates in the Puerto Rican heritage population were more than three times as high as in the Mexican heritage population (IRR 3.61 [95% CI 3.02-4.30] in unadjusted model; IRR 3.70 [95% CI 3.31-4.15] in model adjusting for age, sex, nativity, educational attainment, and region; SRR 3.23 [95% CI, 3.15-3.32] in age-standardized model with missing Hispanic heritage imputed). Higher age-standardized rates of drug overdose mortality were observed in males than females across all Latine groups, yet the magnitude of the sex differential varied by Latine heritage. The relationship between drug overdose mortality and nativity differed by Latine heritage; in all groups except Puerto Rican, overdose mortality rates were significantly higher in the US-born than those not US-born. In contrast, overdose mortality rates were significantly lower in US-born Puerto Ricans than in Puerto Ricans who were not US-born (e.g., born in Puerto Rico; SRR, 0.84 [95% CI 0.80-0.88]). The relationship between drug overdose mortality and educational attainment (for ages 25+) also varied between Latine groups. The diverse subgroups comprising the US Latine population vary not only in rates of drug overdose mortality, but also in demographic risk factors for fatal drug overdose.

Patterns and Economic Effects of Drug Overdose Mortality in Texas: 1980–1986

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk C. Harlow ◽  
J. Michael Swint
Keyword(s):  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Mortality Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
Mortality Analysis

Drug overdose mortality and its economic consequences are explored for ten different drug categories in this article. Data on drug overdose mortality in Texas for the years 1980–1986 are examined and a cost of mortality analysis is presented using the human capital methodology. In addition, mortality rates per 100,000 population are presented for each drug category. The results indicate that the cost of drug overdose mortality has more than doubled over the six-year period. The greatest growth in mortality cost has been for narcotics and cocaine, with commonly prescribed psychoactive drugs remaining fairly constant. The results suggest that men are at far greater risk of drug overdose than women with respect to illicit drugs. Women, however, appear to be at greater risk for overdose from commonly prescribed drugs.

Relationship between Drug Overdose Mortality and Coverage of Drug-Related Issues in US Television Political Campaign Advertising in the 2012 and 2016 Election Cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alene Kennedy-Hendricks ◽  
Erika Franklin Fowler ◽  
Sachini Bandara ◽  
Laura M. Baum ◽  
Sarah E. Gollust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Campaign Ads ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Media Markets ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
Campaign Advertising ◽  
Election Cycles

Abstract Context: Understanding the role of drug-related issues in political campaign advertising can provide insight on the salience of this issue and the priorities of candidates for elected office. This study sought to quantify the share of campaign advertising mentioning drugs in the 2012 and 2016 election cycles and to estimate the association between local drug overdose mortality and drug mentions in campaign advertising across US media markets. Methods: The analysis used descriptive and spatial statistics to examine geographic variation in campaign advertising mentions of drugs across all 210 US media markets, and it used multivariable regression to assess area-level factors associated with that variation. Findings: The share of campaign ads mentioning drugs grew from 0.5% in the 2012 election cycle to 1.6% in the 2016 cycle. In the 2016 cycle, ads airing in media markets with overdose mortality rates in the 95th percentile were more than three times as likely to mention drugs as ads airing in areas with overdose mortality rates in the 5th percentile. Conclusions: A small proportion of campaign advertising mentioned drug-related issues. In the 2016 cycle, the issue was more prominent in advertising in areas hardest hit by the drug overdose crisis and in advertising for local races.

scholarly journals Utility of Cardiac Troponin to Predict Drug Overdose Mortality

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex F. Manini ◽  
Barry Stimmel ◽  
Robert S. Hoffman ◽  
David Vlahov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Overdose Mortality

scholarly journals Opioid Epidemic in the United States: Empirical Trends, and A Literature Review of Social Determinants and Epidemiological, Pain Management, and Treatment Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal K Singh ◽  
Isaac E. Kim, Jr. ◽  
Mehrete Girmay ◽  
Chrisp Perry ◽  
Gem P. Daus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Drug Overdoses ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objectives: Dramatic increases in opioid and drug overdose mortality have occurred in the United States (US) over the past two decades. To address this national public health crisis and identify gaps in the literature, we analyzed recent empirical trends in US drug overdose mortality by key social determinants and conducted a selective review of the recent literature on the magnitude of the opioid crisis facing different racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and rural-urban segments of the US population. Methods: We used the 1999-2017 mortality data from the US National Vital Statistics System to analyze trends in drug overdose mortality by race/ethnicity, age, and geographic area. Log-linear regression was used to model mortality trends. Using various key words and their combinations, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar for select peerreviewed journal articles and government reports published on the opioid epidemic between 2010 and 2018. Results: Our original analysis and review indicate marked increases in drug overdose mortality overall and by race/ethnicity and geographic regions, with adolescents and young adults experiencing steep increases in mortality between 1999 and 2017. Our selective search yielded 405 articles, of which 39 publications were selected for detailed review. Suicide mortality from drug overdose among teens aged 12-19 increased consistently between 2009 and 2017, particularly among teen girls. The rise of efficient global supply chains has increased opioid prescription use and undoubtedly contributed to the opioid epidemic. Many other important contributing factors to the epidemic include lack of education and economic opportunities, poor working conditions, and low social capital in disadvantaged communities. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Our analysis and review indicate substantial disparities in drug overdoses and related mortality, pain management, and treatment outcomes according to social determinants. Increases in drug overdoses and resultant mortality are not only unique to the US, but have also been observed in other industrialized countries. Healthcare systems, community leaders, and policymakers addressing the opioidepidemic should focus on upstream structural factors including education, economic opportunity, social cohesion, racial/ethnic disadvantage, geographic isolation, and life satisfaction. Key words: • Opioids • Drug overdose • Mortality • Pain management • Treatment • Race/Ethnicity • Social determinants • Health disparities Copyright © 2019 Singh et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Enhancing timeliness of drug overdose mortality surveillance: A machine learning approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0223318
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Ward ◽  
Peter J. Rock ◽  
Svetla Slavova ◽  
April M. Young ◽  
Terry L. Bunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

scholarly journals Differences in Opioid Overdose Mortality Rates Among Middle-Aged Adults by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 1999-2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 003335492096880
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Hoopsick ◽  
Gregory G. Homish ◽  
Kenneth E. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Synthetic Opioids ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Overdose Mortality

Objectives The types of opioids abused in the United States have changed from prescription opioids to heroin to fentanyl. However, the types of opioids abused may differ by demographic factors, especially among middle-aged adults. We examined national trends in opioid overdose mortality rates among middle-aged adults by race/ethnicity and sex. Methods Using 1999-2018 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research database, we examined overdose mortality rates per 100 000 population in 2018 among adults aged 45-64 that involved natural and semisynthetic opioids, heroin, synthetic opioids (excluding methadone), and methadone. We tested for significant differences in mortality rates by race/ethnicity and sex. We plotted drug-specific trends by race/ethnicity and sex from 1999 to 2018. Results In 2018, non-Hispanic White adults had the highest rates per 100 000 population of natural and semisynthetic overdose mortality (men: 8.7; women: 7.9; P < .001), and non-Hispanic Black adults had the highest rates of heroin (men: 17.7; women: 5.4; P < .001) and synthetic opioid (men: 36.0; women: 11.2; P < .001) overdose mortality. Men had significantly higher overdose mortality rates than women did for deaths involving natural and semisynthetic opioids, heroin, and synthetic opioids, but not methadone. From 1999 to 2018, mortality rates increased sharply for heroin and synthetic opioids, increased modestly for natural and semisynthetic opioids, and decreased for methadone. The greatest increases were among non-Hispanic Black men for heroin overdose (3.3 in 1999 to 17.7 in 2018) and synthetic opioid overdose (0.1 in 1999 to 36.0 in 2018). Conclusions Policy making should consider unique subgroup risks and alternative trajectories of opioid use other than people being prescribed opioids, developing opioid use disorder, subsequently moving to heroin, and then to fentanyl.

Implications of prescription drug monitoring and medical cannabis legislation on opioid overdose mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse Phillips, MPH ◽  
Julie Gazmararian, PhD, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Drug Laws ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

Objectives: To determine whether specific state legislation has an effect on opioid overdose mortality rates compared to states without those types of legislation. Design: Ecological study estimating opioid-related mortality in states with and without a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and/or medical cannabis legislation.Setting and participants: Opioid-related mortality rates for 50 states and Washington DC from 2011 to 2014 were obtained from CDC WONDER. PDMP data were obtained from the National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws, and data on medical cannabis legislation from the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.Main outcomes and measures: The relationship between PDMPs with mandatory access provisions, medical cannabis legislation, and opioid-related mortality rates. Methods: Multivariate repeated measures analysis performed with software and services.Results: Medical cannabis laws were associated with an increase of 21.7 percent in mean age-adjusted opioid-related mortality (p < 0.0001). PDMPs were associated with an increase of 11.4 percent in mean age-adjusted opioid-related mortality (p = 0.005). For every additional year since enactment, mean age-adjusted opioid-related mortality rate increased by 1.7 percent in states with medical cannabis (p = 0.049) and 5.8 percent for states with a PDMP (p = 0.005). Interaction between both types of legislation produced a borderline significant decrease of 10.1 percent (p = 0.055). For every year states had both types of legislation, interaction resulted in a 0.6 percent decrease in rate (p = 0.013).Conclusion: When combined with the availability of medical cannabis as an alternative analgesic therapy, PDMPs may be more effective at decreasing opioid-related mortality.

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