scholarly journals Association of Online Risk Factors With Subsequent Youth Suicide-Related Behaviors in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. e2125860
Author(s):  
Steven A. Sumner ◽  
Brock Ferguson ◽  
Brian Bason ◽  
Jacob Dink ◽  
Ellen Yard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Online Risk ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals THU0442 GOUT AND HEART FAILURE IN THE US: A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 458.2-458
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
M. Sehgal ◽  
A. Mithal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us

Background:Heart failure (HF) is the eighth leading cause of death in the US, with a 38% increase in the number of deaths due to HF from 2011 to 2017 (1). Gout and hyperuricemia have previously been recognized as significant risk factors for heart failure (2), but there is little nationwide data on the clinical and economic consequences of these comorbidities.Objectives:To study heart failure hospitalizations in patients with gout in the United States (US) and estimate their clinical and economic impact.Methods:The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) is a stratified random sample of all US community hospitals. It is the only US national hospital database with information on all patients, regardless of payer, including persons covered by Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, and the uninsured. We examined all inpatient hospitalizations in the NIS in 2017, the most recent year of available data, with a primary or secondary diagnosis of gout and heart failure. Over 69,800 ICD 10 diagnoses were collapsed into a smaller number of clinically meaningful categories, consistent with the CDC Clinical Classification Software.Results:There were 35.8 million all-cause hospitalizations in patients in the US in 2017. Of these, 351,735 hospitalizations occurred for acute and/or chronic heart failure in patients with gout. These patients had a mean age of 73.3 years (95% confidence intervals 73.1 – 73.5 years) and were more likely to be male (63.4%). The average length of hospitalization was 6.1 days (95% confidence intervals 6.0 to 6.2 days) with a case fatality rate of 3.5% (95% confidence intervals 3.4% – 3.7%). The average cost of each hospitalization was $63,992 (95% confidence intervals $61,908 - $66,075), with a total annual national cost estimate of $22.8 billion (95% confidence intervals $21.7 billion - $24.0 billion).Conclusion:While gout and hyperuricemia have long been recognized as potential risk factors for heart failure, the aging of the US population is projected to significantly increase the burden of illness and costs of care of these comorbidities (1). This calls for an increased awareness and management of serious co-morbid conditions in patients with gout.References:[1]Sidney, S., Go, A. S., Jaffe, M. G., Solomon, M. D., Ambrosy, A. P., & Rana, J. S. (2019). Association Between Aging of the US Population and Heart Disease Mortality From 2011 to 2017. JAMA Cardiology. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4187[2]Krishnan E. Gout and the risk for incident heart failure and systolic dysfunction. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000282.doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000282Disclosure of Interests: :Gurkirpal Singh Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics, Maanek Sehgal: None declared, Alka Mithal: None declared

Infant Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Risk: A Time For Change

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Carl E. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sleep Position ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Infant Sleep Position ◽  
The Us ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Health Objectives

I fully support a comprehensive professional and public intervention campaign in the US to establish supine as the standard sleep position. Although other preventive health objectives can be included, the emphasis needs to be clearly focused on sleep position. Achieving the lowest possible prone prevalence rate in the US is thus the first goal of this new campaign. The second and equally important goal of the new campaign should be to utilize this opportunity to maximum advantage to enhance our knowledge regarding the epidemiological risk factors causally related to SIDS and their interactions, and the interactions between epidemiological and biological risk factors. In addition to quantifying changes in infant mortality and in infant sleep position, we will also need to characterize both the supine and the persistent prone infant groups in regard to all of the putative epidemiological risk factors for SIDS. This campaign can thus enhance our understanding of the epidemiological risk factors for SIDS as long as a significant decrease in prone prevalence can be achieved.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Gitlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs worldwide and is an important cause of acute and chronic viral hepatitis in the US. In this review, I describe the virus, risk factors for infection, clinical features of infection, results of laboratory tests during infection, and standard and emerging treatment for chronic infection. Although 95% of adult patients recover completely from HBV infection, 90% of children ≤4 years of age develop chronic infection. Active vaccination is highly efficacious.

Youth Suicide Risk Factors and Attitudes in New York and Vienna: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanita Dervic ◽  
Madelyn S. Gould ◽  
Gerhard Lenz ◽  
Marjorie Kleinman ◽  
Tuerkan Akkaya-Kalayci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

Abstract 49: Male Sex is Associated With Cervical Artery Dissection in Patients With Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Arnaud ◽  
Marion Boulanger ◽  
Aurélien Lorthioir ◽  
Laurence Amar ◽  
Arshid Azarine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Cervical Artery Dissection ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cervical Artery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Background: Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is one of the most frequent manifestations of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). However, the risk factors for CeAD are unknown. We investigated factors associated with CeAD in the ARCADIA (Assessment of Renal and Cervical Artery Dysplasia) registry and performed a pooled analysis of published and unpublished data. Methods: Patients included were women and men ≥18 years, diagnosed with renal, cervical, or intracranial artery FMD, prospectively recruited at 16 university hospitals in France and Belgium. Diagnosis of CeAD was established by stroke specialists in each participating center, according to standard diagnostic criteria. Associations between CeAD and potential determinants were assessed by calculations of crude and adjusted odds ratios. Results: Among 469 patients (415 women) with FMD, 68 (14.5%) had CeAD. CeAD patients were younger, more likely to be men and to have a history of migraine, and less likely to have a history of hypertension, than non-CeAD patients. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (OR=2.75 ; CI95% 1.39-5.46), history of migraine (OR=1.93 ; 1.08-3.44), age >50 years (OR=0.41 ; 0.23-0.74), history of hypertension (OR=0.35 ; 0.19-0.63), and the number of vascular beds involved by FMD >=3 (OR=2.46 ; 1.13-5.35) remained significantly associated with CeAD. We collected data from 2 published studies and unpublished data from the US and the European Registries. There was no overlap between studies. In a pooled analysis (289 CeAD in 1933 patients), male sex was significantly associated with CeAD (pooled OR=2.04 ; 1.41-2.95, I2=0%, Figure). Conclusion: In patients with FMD, male sex and multisite involvement are associated with of CeAD, in addition to other previous known risk factors.

Abstract WMP60: Temporal Trends in Incidence, Prevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the United States

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadar Otite ◽  
Smit Patel ◽  
Richa Sharma ◽  
Pushti Khandwala ◽  
Devashish Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
P Value ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
The Us ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: The primary aim of this study is to describe current trends in racial-, age- and sex-specific incidence, clinical characteristics and burden of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in the United States (US). Methods: Validated International Classification of Disease codes were used to identify all adult new cases of CVT (n=5,567) in the State Inpatients Database of New York and Florida (2006-2016) and all cases of CVT in the entire US from the National Inpatient Sample 2005-2016 (weighted n=57,315). Incident CVT counts were combined with annual US Census data to compute age and sex-specific incidence of CVT. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate trends in incidence over time. Results: From 2005-2016, 0.47%-0.80% of all strokes in the US were CVTs but this proportion increased by 70.4% over time. Of all CVTs over this period, 66.7% were in females but this proportion declined over time (p<0.001). Pregnancy/puerperium (27.4%) and cancer (11.8%) were the most common risk factors in women, while cancer (19.5%) and central nervous trauma (11.3) were the most common in men. Whereas the prevalence of pregnancy/puerperium declined significantly over time in women, that of cancer, inflammatory conditions and trauma increased over time in both sexes. Annual age and sex-standardized incidence of CVT in cases/million population ranged from 13.9-20.2, but incidence varied significantly by sex (women: 20.3-26.9; men 6.8-16.8) and by age/sex (women 18-44yo: 24.0-32.6%; men: 18-44yo: 5.3-12.8). Age and sex-standardized incidence also differed by race (Blacks:18.6-27.2; whites: 14.3-18.5; Asians: 5.1-13.8). On joinpoint regression, incidence increased across 2006-2016 but most of this increase was driven by increase in all age groups of men (combined annualized percentage change (APC) 9.2%, p-value <0.001), women 45-64 yo (APC 7.8%, p-value <0.001) and women ≥65 yo (APC 7.4%, p-value <0.001). Incidence in women 18-44 yo remained unchanged over time . Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics of CVT patients in the US is changing. Incidence increased significantly over the last decade. Further studies are needed to determine whether this increase represents a true increase from changing risk factors or artefactual increase from improved detection.

scholarly journals 4536 Identification of the most salient risk factors of preterm birth in the US using geospatial mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Alexander J Layden ◽  
Janet Catov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
County Level ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Geospatial Mapping

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Preterm birth is the most common birth complication in the United States. To date, there are no effective public health strategies to reduce the burden of prematurity. Using geospatial information system (GIS) mapping, we identified the most salient risk factors of preterm birth across US counties targetable for future interventions. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Risk factors of preterm birth were identified from the perinatal health nonprofit organization, March of Dimes, and included factors such as obesity, smoking, insurance coverage and poverty. US 2013 county-level data on sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors and preterm birth were extracted and combined from the American Census, Center for Disease Control, and US Health Resources and Services Administration. Spatial autocorrelation and multivariate spatial regression were used to determine the risk factors most strongly associated with preterm birth. These models were adjusted for race, given well-documented race disparities for preterm birth. As a case-study comparison, we mapped risk factors in the two states with the highest and lowest proportion of preterm births in 2013. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In our preliminary analysis, obesity was the factor most strongly associated with preterm birth (ß = 7.32, SE: 1.13, p<0.001) at the US county-level. Surprisingly, smoking was not found to be significantly associated with preterm birth. In 2013, Vermont had the lowest prevalence of preterm birth at 7.6% and Mississippi had the highest prevalence of preterm birth at 13.1%. Health insurance coverage and obesity were the two risk factors that differed between Vermont and Mississippi. The median proportion of uninsured individuals in Mississippi counties was four times higher than that of Vermont counties (26.3% vs 10.9%, p<0.01). Similarly, the median obesity prevalence in Mississippi counties was significantly higher than the median obesity prevalence in Vermont counties (38.8% vs. 25.2%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Public health efforts aimed at reducing obesity and increasing health insurance coverage may have the greatest impact at addressing the US burden of preterm birth. Further, geospatial mapping is a powerful analytic tool to identify regions in the US where preterm birth interventions would be most beneficial.

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