Association of Etiological Factors for Hypomanic Symptoms, Bipolar Disorder, and Other Severe Mental Illnesses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina M. Hosang ◽  
Joanna Martin ◽  
Robert Karlsson ◽  
Sebastian Lundström ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Etiological Factors

scholarly journals Area Deprivation, Urbanicity and Severe Mental Illness – A Population-Based Linkage Study Using Routinely Collected Primary and Secondary Care Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze Chim Lee ◽  
Marcos Delpozo-Banos ◽  
Keith Lloyd ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
James TR Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Small Area Statistics ◽  
Urban Rural

Background There is a long-standing debate regarding the associations between area deprivation, urbanicity and elevated risk of severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Main Aim We investigated the associations between area deprivation, urbanicity and risk of SMIs in a population cohorts in Wales. Methods/Approach We extracted primary and secondary care electronic health records from 2004 to 2015 from Wales’s population. We identified prevalent and incident individuals with SMIs (schizophrenia related disorders and bipolar disorder) and their level of deprivation and urbanicity. We used the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) and urban/rural indicator to measure the level of area deprivation and urbanicity respectively for all lower layer super output areas, the geographic units used in the reporting of small area statistics comprised of approximately 1,500 individuals. Results Prevalence and incidence of SMIs is not evenly distributed in Wales. Increased prevalence and incidence of SMIs occur in more deprived and urban areas. Such associations occur for both schizophrenia related disorders and bipolar disorder and in both the primary and secondary care cohorts. Conclusion These findings have implications for resource allocation, service configuration and access to services in deprived communities, as well as, for broader public health interventions addressing poverty, and social and environmental contexts.

scholarly journals Model endophenotype for bipolar disorder: Qualitative Analysis, etiological factors, and research areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Naraiana de Oliveira Tavares ◽  
Fernando da Silva Neves ◽  
Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Research Areas

The aim of this study is to present an updated view of the writings on the endophenotype model for bipolar disorder using analytical methodologies. A review and analysis of networks was performed through descriptors and keywords that characterize the composition of the endophenotype model as a model of health. Information was collected from between 1992 and 2014, and the main thematic areas covered in the articles were identified. We discuss the results and question their cohesion, emphasizing the need to strengthen and identify the points of connection between etiological factors and characteristics that make up the model of endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Mentally Sick or Not—(Bio)Markers of Psychiatric Disorders Needed

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Substance Related Disorders ◽  
Depression Disorder

Psychiatric disorders, also called mental illnesses or mental disorders, constitute a wide group of disorders including major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and other psychoses, anxiety disorders (ANX), substance-related disorders (SRD), dementia, developmental disorders e [...]

Revisiting the canons of psychiatry: Teaching the fundamentals of CATIE, STAR*D, and STEP-BD to family medicine residents

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Kevin P Brazill ◽  
Stephen Warnick ◽  
Christopher White
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Home Residency ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
Family Medicine Residents

Family medicine physicians are often the first providers to encounter and identify mental illness in their patients. Having a solid understanding of three landmark studies—Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE), Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D), and Systemic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD)—can significantly improve a family medicine physician’s approach to mental illness and treatment choices, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Each of these studies has generated dozens of publications and consolidating the fundamentals of each one is essential for a resident to retain and implement findings in a real-world setting when treating patients with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. When presented at the 38th Forum for Behavioral Science in Family Medicine in Chicago, IL, in September 2017, learners answered pre- and post-presentation questions about the treatment and guidelines pertaining to the three studies. Discussion leaders—physicians double-boarded in family medicine and psychiatry—presented key findings, clinical guidelines generated from each study, and updates since their respective publications. At the conclusion of the talk, participants received access to a slide deck and one-page summary for use in teaching at their home residency programs. Here, we present a framework for teaching family medicine residents three important canons of psychiatry with the goal of better management of three commonly encountered mental illnesses in the primary care setting.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Expression Analyses of miRNAs and mRNAs Suggest the Involvement of miR-320a and miR-155-3p and their Targeted Genes in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pisanu ◽  
Merkouri Papadima ◽  
Melis ◽  
Congiu ◽  
Loizedda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Lithium Response

Lithium is the mainstay in the maintenance of bipolar disorder (BD) and the most efficacious pharmacological treatment in suicide prevention. Nevertheless, its use is hampered by a high interindividual variability and important side effects. Genetic and epigenetic factors have been suggested to modulate lithium response, but findings so far have not allowed identifying molecular targets with predictive value. In this study we used next generation sequencing to measure genome-wide miRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from BD patients excellent responders (ER, n = 12) and non-responders (NR, n = 12) to lithium. These data were integrated with microarray genome-wide expression data to identify pairs of miRNA/mRNA inversely and significantly correlated. Significant pairs were prioritized based on strength of association and in-silico miRNA target prediction analyses to select candidates for validation with qRT-PCR. Thirty-one miRNAs were differentially expressed in ER vs. NR and inversely correlated with 418 genes differentially expressed between the two groups. A total of 331 of these correlations were also predicted by in-silico algorithms. miR-320a and miR-155-3p, as well as three of their targeted genes (CAPNS1 (Calpain Small Subunit 1) and RGS16 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 16) for miR-320, SP4 (Sp4 Transcription Factor) for miR-155-3p) were validated. These miRNAs and mRNAs were previously implicated in psychiatric disorders (miR-320a and SP4), key processes of the central nervous system (CAPNS1, RGS16, SP4) or pathways involved in mental illnesses (miR-155-3p). Using an integrated approach, we identified miRNAs and their targeted genes potentially involved in lithium response in BD.

Differences in cholesterol and metabolic syndrome between bipolar disorder men with and without suicide attempts

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjanka Vuksan-Ćusa ◽  
Darko Marčinko ◽  
Sanea Nad ◽  
Miro Jakovljević
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Abstract:Patient with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components compared to general population. Among psychiatric disorders, bipolar disorder ranks highest in suicidality with a relative risk ratio of completed suicide of about 25 compared to the general population. Regarding the biological hypotheses of suicidality, low blood cholesterol level has been extensively explored, although results are still conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in the serum cholesterol levels in hospitalized bipolar disorder men patients with history of suicide attempts (n= 20) and without suicide attempts (n= 20). Additionally, we investigated if there were differences in the prevalence of MetS according to NCEP ATP-III criteria in these two groups of patients. Results of the study indicated significantly lower serum cholesterol levels (P = 0.013) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.047), in the bipolar disorder men with suicide attempts in comparison to bipolar disorder men without suicide attempts. The overall prevalence of MetS was 11/40 (27.5%). On this particular sample it was higher in the non-attempters 8/20 (40.0%) than in attempters 3/20 (15.0%) bipolar men group, but without statistical significance. Lower concentrations of serum cholesterol might be useful biological markers of suicidality in men with bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and etiological factors related to suicide in the Middle East

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Kulaib Aloufi ◽  
Lina Abdel Alafghani ◽  
Rawaa Ismail Ismail ◽  
Ban Abdullah Alzaid ◽  
Mohammed Tariq Alkhidhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
The Impact

Estimates show that suicide is relatively common among Middle Eastern countries as a total of 26,000 fatalities in 2016 were attributable to suicide in them. However, the quality of care of mental illness in these countries is not adequate as compared to the international levels. The aim of the study was to discuss the different epidemiological and etiological factors that were linked with suicide in the Middle East, according to evidence obtained from studies in the literature. The impact of cultures and religions on dealing with mental illnesses and suicide as well as the roots of these conditions will be explored to find the appropriate solutions. Suicide in the Middle East is common but unique from other countries in the world. Religion, socio-economic status, war and conflict in many regions play a big role in the rate of suicide. Religion reduces the prevalence rates of suicide but other factors might be more dominant as many regions are in conflict and have low socio-economic status. Furthermore, gender, family conflicts and mental illnesses were identifiable risk factors in the literature. More efforts on a national level is warranted as well as among communities to reduce the rates of suicide. The initiation of support groups among those with mental illnesses and low socio-economic state will prove extremely beneficial in reducing the rate of suicide as they are almost non-existent in Middle East.

scholarly journals 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine and Reactive Oxygen Species as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Mental Illnesses: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 603-618
Author(s):  
Xue Xin Goh ◽  
Pek Yee Tang ◽  
Shiau Foon Tee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Medication History

Objective Mental illnesses may be caused by genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies reported that mental illnesses were accompanied by higher oxidative stress level. However, the results were inconsistent. Thus, present meta-analysis aimed to analyse the association between oxidative DNA damage indicated by 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), which has been widely used as biomarker of oxidative stress, and mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. As oxidative DNA damage is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), systematic review and meta-analysis were also conducted to analyse the relationship between ROS and these three mental illnesses.Methods Studies from 1964 to 2020 (for oxidative DNA damage) and from 1907 to 2021 (for ROS) in Pubmed and Scopus databases were selected and analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 respectively. Data were subjected to meta-analysis for examining the effect sizes of the results. Publication bias assessments, heterogeneity assessments and subgroup analyses based on biological specimens, patient status, illness duration and medication history were also conducted.Results This meta-analysis revealed that oxidative DNA damage was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder based on random-effects models whereas in depressed patients, the level was not significant. Since heterogeneity was present, results based on random-effects model was preferred. Our results also showed that oxidative DNA damage level was significantly higher in lymphocyte and urine of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder respectively. Besides, larger effect size was observed in inpatients and those with longer illness duration and medication history. Significant higher ROS was also observed in schizophrenic patients but not in depressive patients.Conclusion The present meta-analysis found that oxidative DNA damage was significantly higher in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder but not in depression. The significant association between deoxyguanosines and mental illnesses suggested the possibility of using 8-OHdG or 8-oxodG as biomarker in measurement of oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress. Higher ROS level indicated the involvement of oxidative stress in schizophrenia. The information from this study may provide better understanding on pathophysiology of mental illnesses.

scholarly journals Oxytocin-pathway polygenic scores for severe mental disorders and metabolic phenotypes in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Winterton ◽  
Francesco Bettella ◽  
Ann-Marie G. de Lange ◽  
Marit Haram ◽  
Nils Eiel Steen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractOxytocin is a neuromodulator and hormone that is typically associated with social cognition and behavior. In light of its purported effects on social cognition and behavior, research has investigated its potential as a treatment for psychiatric illnesses characterized by social dysfunction, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While the results of these trials have been mixed, more recent evidence suggests that the oxytocin system is also linked with cardiometabolic conditions for which individuals with severe mental disorders are at a higher risk for developing. To investigate whether the oxytocin system has a pleiotropic effect on the etiology of severe mental illness and cardiometabolic conditions, we explored oxytocin’s role in the shared genetic liability of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, type-2 diabetes, and several phenotypes linked with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk using a polygenic pathway-specific approach. Analysis of a large sample with about 480,000 individuals (UK Biobank) revealed statistically significant associations across the range of phenotypes analyzed. By comparing these effects to those of polygenic scores calculated from 100 random gene sets, we also demonstrated the specificity of many of these significant results. Altogether, our results suggest that the shared effect of oxytocin-system dysfunction could help partially explain the co-occurrence of social and cardiometabolic dysfunction in severe mental illnesses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document