Graduated compression stockings for the initial treatment of varicose veins in people without venous ulceration 

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Knight nee Shingler ◽  
Lindsay Robertson ◽  
Marlene Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
Graduated Compression Stockings

Varicose Veins: optimum compression after surgery and sclerotherapy

1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
P. J. Shouler ◽  
P. C. Runchman
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Stocking ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Varicose Vein Surgery ◽  
High Compression ◽  
Graduated Compression Stockings ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment

SummaryGraduated compression stockings are used in both surgical and non-surgical treatment of varicose veins. In a trial of high versus low compression stockings (40mmHg vs 15mmHg at ankle) after varicose vein surgery, both were equally effective in controlling bruising and thrombophlebitis, but low compression stockings proved to be more comfortable.In a further trial after sclerotherapy, high compression stockings alone produced comparable results to Elastocrepe® bandages with stockings. It is concluded that after varicose vein surgery low compression stockings provide adequate support for the leg and that after sclerotherapy, bandaging is not required if a high compression stocking is used.

Treatment of Venous Ulceration by Injection Sclerotherapy and Compression Hosiery: A 5-Year Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dinn ◽  
M. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Injection Sclerotherapy ◽  
Ulcer Recurrence ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
Venous Ulcers ◽  
Graduated Compression Stockings

Objective: To determine whether the use of graduated compression stockings reduces the rate of recurrence of venous ulceration. Design: Prospective, closed, non-randomised study of 126 patients with a previous history of venous ulceration for five years. Setting: The Varicose Vein Clinic of Sir Patrick Dun's and Adelaide Hospitals. Patients: 126 patients attending the Varicose Vein Clinic who had undergone successful healing of venous ulcers by injection compression sclerotherapy. Intervention: All patients underwent clinical examination and venous pressure measurement, and were then fitted with graduated compression stockings. Those patients dropping out of the study (21) were used as a comparison group. Main outcome measure: The recurrence rate of venous ulcers. Results: At the end of the 5 year study period patients were divided into 3 groups – those who had ulcer recurrence (33), those who were free of ulcers (72), and those (21) who had dropped out of the study, the last group showing a higher recurrence rate than those who had worn stockings.

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

scholarly journals Impact of Wearing Graduated Compression Stockings on Psychological and Physiological Responses during Prolonged Sitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Horiuchi ◽  
Chieko Takiguchi ◽  
Yoko Kirihara ◽  
Yukari Horiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Saliva Cortisol ◽  
Healthy Young People ◽  
Graduated Compression Stockings ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of wearing vs. not wearing graduated compression stockings on psychological and physiological responses in 18 healthy young people (12 men and six women) during 3 h prolonged sitting. Profiled of Mood States (POMS) scores did not show marked differences between with and without stockings. A 3 h sit significantly decreased saliva cortisol in both conditions; with no differences between conditions. Wearing stockings suppressed a subjective uncomfortable sensation (e.g., pain; fatigue; swelling) in the lower limbs, as assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). Increase in heart rate at 1 h and 3 h was significantly greater without than with stockings. In addition, high-frequency oscillations (HF: 0.15–0.4 Hz), used as an indicator of parasympathetic nerve activity, showed higher values with than without stockings throughout the 3 h sitting period—significantly higher at 1 h. When data for both conditions were pooled pre-to-post changes in saliva cortisol were positively associated with higher uncomfortable sensations of VAS in the lower limbs and negatively associated with changes in the Vigor subscale of POMS. Collectively, these findings suggest that wearing graduated compression stockings may benefit from subjective comfort and increased parasympathetic nerve activity.

scholarly journals Elastic compression treatment of chronic superficial venous insufficiency of the lower limbs based on Doppler venous pressure index measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Corcos ◽  
Daniele Pontello ◽  
Tommaso Spina
Keyword(s):  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Elastic Compression ◽  
Pressure Index ◽  
Counter Pressure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compression Treatment

Ineffectiveness or discomfort from graduated elastic compression stockings (GES) in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and/or varicose veins of the lower limbs (VVLL) can depend of inappropriate counter pressure applied. Counter pressure was calculated by Doppler venous pressure index (VPI). The aim of this study was to verify the value VPI in the choice of GES. A total of 1212 LL of 606 patients subjected to VPI measurements VPI correlated with the various sites of reflux (R) and C of Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification. The difference between standing VPI the and normal values=counter pressure to be applied by GES. Questionnaire to 96 patients with CVI/VVLL wearing GES. Mean VPI values: greater saphenous (GSV)>smaller saphenous; GSV with isolated venous reflux (R) at the leg>GSV at the thigh; additional R in perforators increases VPI in all the districts; superficial R increases VPI in PT. Relation between VPI/C of CEAP: P<0.05-0.0001; 81/83/96 (97.5%) patients improved; 0 complained. R in GSV at the leg and in perforators increases VPI in deep veins. Few discrepancies VPI/CEAP can be expected. Standing VPI is highly predictive. The best choice of GES can be based on the VPI measurement.

scholarly journals Graduated compression stockings as adjuvant to pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis in elective surgical patients (GAPS study): randomised controlled trial

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shalhoub ◽  
Rebecca Lawton ◽  
Jemma Hudson ◽  
Christopher Baker ◽  
Andrew Bradbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Graduated Compression Stockings ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether the use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) offers any adjuvant benefit when pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis is used for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective surgery.DesignOpen, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.SettingSeven National Health Service tertiary hospitals in the United Kingdom.Participants1905 elective surgical inpatients (≥18 years) assessed as being at moderate or high risk of venous thromboembolism were eligible and consented to participate.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis alone or LMWH pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis and GCS.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was imaging confirmed lower limb deep vein thrombosis with or without symptoms, or pulmonary embolism with symptoms within 90 days of surgery. Secondary outcome measures were quality of life, compliance with stockings and LMWH, lower limb complications related to GCS, bleeding complications, adverse reactions to LMWH, and all cause mortality.ResultsBetween May 2016 and January 2019, 1905 participants were randomised. 1858 were included in the intention to treat analysis (17 were identified as ineligible after randomisation and 30 did not undergo surgery). A primary outcome event occurred in 16 of 937 (1.7%) patients in the LMWH alone group compared with 13 of 921 (1.4%) in the LMWH and GCS group. The risk difference between the two groups was 0.30% (95% confidence interval −0.65% to 1.26%). Because the 95% confidence interval did not cross the non-inferiority margin of 3.5% (P<0.001 for non-inferiority), LMWH alone was confirmed to be non-inferior.ConclusionsFor patients who have elective surgery and are at moderate or high risk of venous thromboembolism, administration of pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis alone is non-inferior to a combination of pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis and GCS. These findings indicate that GCS might be unnecessary in most patients undergoing elective surgery.Trial registrationISRCTN13911492.

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