IMPROVEMENT ON SEVERAL PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF JATI UTAMA NUSANTARA WOOD BY THERMAL COMPRESSION TREATMENT

Jati Utama Nusantara (JUN) adalah salah satu tipe jati (Tectona grandis Linn. F) cepat tumbuh yang berasal dari Jati Plus Perhutani (JPP). Pohon JUN memiliki sedikit percabangan dan batang yang lebih berbentuk silinder serta menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan jati budidaya dari biji (konvensional), sehingga dapat dipanen dalam waktu singkat. Meskipun cepat tumbuh, berbagai penelitian menunjukkan kayu JUN belum memenuhi standar SNI 01-0608 sebagai bahan baku furnitur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan beberapa sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu JUN umur muda melalui perlakuan pemadatan menggunakan kempa panas. Contoh uji kayu JUN umur 5 tahun berukuran 2,5 cm (tebal/radial), 10 cm (lebar/tangensial), dan 30 cm (panjang/longitudinal) diberi tekanan sebesar 25 kg/cm2 selama 40 menit dengan 3 perlakuan suhu, yaitu 170°C, 180°C, dan 190°C. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu mengacu pada standar ASTM D143. Perubahan kristalinitas kayu diamati menggunakan X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), dan permukaan kayu diamati secara visual. Sebagai penunjang, pengamatan struktur sel kayu dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop stereo (Zeiss). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa contoh uji kayu JUN yang diberi perlakuan tekan-panas dapat memperbaiki sifat fisis dan mekanisnya dibandingkan contoh uji kayu JUN tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Berdasarkan hasil simulasi data, sifat fisis dan mekanis contoh uji terbaik diperoleh pada suhu kempa sekitar 185°C.

PEAT SURFACE COMPRESSION REDUCES SMOULDERING FIRE POTENTIAL AS A NOVEL FUEL TREATMENT FOR BOREAL PEATLANDS

The wildfire regime in Canada’s boreal region is changing; extended fire seasons are characterized by more frequent large fires (≥200 ha) burning greater areas of land, whilst climate-mediated drying is increasing the vulnerability of peatlands to deep burning. Proactive management strategies, such as fuel modification treatments, are necessary to reduce fire danger at the wildland-human interface (WHI). Novel approaches to fuel management are especially needed in peatlands where deep smouldering combustion is a challenge to suppression efforts and releases harmful emissions. Here, we integrate surface compression within conventional stand treatments to examine the potential for reducing smouldering of near-surface moss and peat. A linear model (adj. R2=0.62, p=2.2e-16) revealed that ground cover (F(2,101)=60.97, p<0.001) and compression (F(1,101)=56.46, p<0.001) had the greatest effects on smouldering potential, while stand treatment did not have a significant effect (F(3,101)=0.44, p=0.727). On average, compressed Sphagnum and feather moss plots showed 57.1% and 58.7% lower smouldering potential, respectively, when compared to uncompressed analogs. While practical evaluation is warranted to better understand the evolving effectiveness of this strategy, these findings demonstrate that a compression treatment can be successfully incorporated within both managed and unmanaged peatlands to reduce fire danger at the WHI.

Exercise Training as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chronic Venous Insufficiency Patients: Evidence from Research to Practice

Chronic venous insufficiency, which is defined as a condition relevant to persistent ambulatory venous hypertension, is a common cause of venous leg ulcers. Compression therapy is commonly used to relieve ambulatory venous hypertension and heal leg ulcers. Exercise is considered as adjunctive therapy, targeting calf muscle pump function, to additionally favor the compression treatment for facilitating the healing process. Different exercise training regimens for promoting wound healing and its relevant outcomes are reviewed and discussed in this study.

Thermal and moisture behavior of a multi-layered assembly in a pneumatic compression device

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of multiple layers of materials typical of those used in air pneumatic compression devices (which require air impermeable layers to function) on thermal and water vapor resistance. The experimental set-up included: (a) single layers of two next-to-skin knit fabrics in both relaxed and extended conditions, (b) two layers of silicone, and (c) a multi-layered assembly comprised of a next-to-skin fabric and two layers of silicone. Structural properties (thickness, mass) dominated thermal resistance of the multi-layered assembly, and the silicone layers rendered this assembly impermeable to water vapor as expected. Results confirmed the need for some form of 'ventilation' to facilitate water vapor transfer from a potential user’s skin to the environment. By creating 18 circular vents across the silicone layers (each vent 314 mm2), which formed ventilation of ∼2% of total surface area, the water vapor resistance of the multi-layered assembly dropped significantly from very high (but non-measurable) to below ∼300 m2 Pa/W, although ventilation did not improve the thermal resistance of the multi-layer arrangements. Results of this research will enable manufacturers of pneumatic compression devices to develop devices comprised of a multiple layer arrangements i.e. a knit fabric next-to-skin layer and silicone layers with optimized vents across the silicone layers, so that the user can continue the compression treatment with an acceptable microenvironment.

Use of upper-limb compression garments in the management of lipoedema

Compression hosiery is commonly used for the management of lymphoedema as well as lipoedema, but it is more commonly indicated for the lower limbs than for the upper limbs. The effects of compression hosiery on upper-limb lipoedema are poorly understood and researched. It is known that compression hosiery works in conjunction with activity or movement when standing or walking, which produces anti-inflammatory and oxygenating effects in the tissues. This effect is naturally difficult to realise in the upper limbs. Lymphoedema practitioners who treat those with lipoedema should bear in mind that compression treatment might not produce the same effects in upper-limb lipoedema as it does in lower-limb lipoedema. In these times of an overstretched health service, pragmatic resource use is essential.

Compression treatment in acute symptomatic proximal deep venous thrombosis – Results of a worldwide survey

Objectives The aim of this study was to illustrate how compression is performed worldwide in proximal DVT and if compression management has changed recently. Methods A global online survey, consisting of 36 questions, was used. The survey was solicited from membership lists of Union Internationale de Phlébologie (UIP) membership societies. For differences between the continents in comparison to Western Europe odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) where calculated. Results We received 626 answers from 41 countries. Compression is routinely used in proximal DVT in all regions (82.8%). 81.4% start compression immediately after diagnosis. In the acute phase of DVT reduction of pain and swelling (91.7%) and PTS prevention (66.2%) are the main reasons for compression. 33.2% recently changed their compression management with 43.5% starting compression earlier and 7.0% later. Conclusions Compression is still used routinely in proximal DVT in addition to anticoagulation. The changes in international guidelines towards the non-routine use of compression in proximal DVT have not caused significant changes in DVT management.

Current status and content of quantitative criteria in clinical trials of compression therapy

Objective: The scale of the treatment effect of lymphedema pressure has not been clarified, and there appears to be a lack of evidence for research in this area. There is no clear and uniform standard for measuring the experimental results of lymphedema treatment with pressure clothing, and there seems to be a lack of research on the experimental results measure. The purpose of this study was to summarize and quality evaluate the existing scientific evaluation criteria for the therapeutic measure of upper limb compression. To review the differences and similarities in efficacy evaluation criteria of pressure cuff, pressure bandage, CDT and other treatment methods. And some new ideas. Methods: Narrative review based on search in Pub-Med/Web of Science through keywords related to compression in lymphedema. A systematic review of published literature was performed. Results: In the review, 1716 articles were screened, of which 11 trials were included. The primary end point of the assessment and results was to measure changes in arm volume, secondary endpoints were the quality of life, patient compliance, range of motion of arm joints and other reason. Although the effectiveness of compression therapy can be obtained by comparing experiments, there is no uniform measurement of experimental results, so it is impossible to compare the effectiveness between different experiments. Conclusions: At present, in the treatment of lymphedema, the effect of the pressurized sleeve is recognized, and the accepted measure is the change in arm volume, and secondary criteria vary widely. The available literature lacks a unified measurement standard for experimental results and measurement items. Researchers should combine the actual situation of the local patients with lymphedema to construct a suitable measure of the effect of lymphedema compression treatment after breast cancer.

Use of upper-limb compression garments in the management of lipoedema

Compression hosiery is commonly used for the management of lymphoedema as well as lipoedema, but it is more commonly indicated for the lower limbs than for the upper limbs. The effects of compression hosiery on upper-limb lipoedema are poorly understood and researched. It is known that compression hosiery works in conjunction with activity or movement when standing or walking, which produces anti-inflammatory and oxygenating effects in the tissues. This effect is naturally difficult to realise in the upper limbs. Lymphoedema practitioners who treat those with lipoedema should bear in mind that compression treatment might not produce the same effects in upper-limb lipoedema as it does in lower-limb lipoedema. In these times of an overstretched health service, pragmatic resource use is essential.